Cited by 987Education, Achievement, and GiftednessEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentHigher Education Research Studies

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Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis

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Lei, Hao, Cui, Yunhuo, Zhou, Wenye·2018·Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal

DOI 10.2224/sbp.7054

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Abstract

Most scholars have argued that student engagement positively predicts academic achievement, but some have challenged this view. We sought to resolve this debate by offering conclusive evidence through a meta-analysis of 69 independent studies (196,473 participants). The results revealed that (a) there was a moderately strong and positive correlation between overall student engagement and academic achievement, and an analysis of the domains of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement showed that almost all had a positive correlation with students' academic achievement; and (b) a moderator analysis revealed that the relationship between student engagement and academic achievement was influenced by the method of reporting engagement, cultural value, and gender. Furthermore, the relationships of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement with academic achievement were influenced by reporting method for engagement, cultural value, or gender.

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Background
PENGARUH EFIKASI DIRI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI KETERLIBATAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 2 BULUKUMBA
Nur, M. A. (2021) · Infinity Jurnal Matematika dan Aplikasinya · doi:10.30605/27458326-54 · Cited by 6
RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: MEDIATING ROLE OF STUDENT ENGAGEMENT
Alvi, A. K., Kayani, U. S., & Lakhan, A. B. (2022) · Gomal University Journal of Research · doi:10.51380/gujr-38-02-03 · Cited by 6
Interplay between peer experiences and classroom behavioral engagement throughout early childhood: Intraindividual and interindividual differences
Salvas, M., Archambault, I., Olivier, É., Vitaro, F., Cantin, S., Guimond, F., & Robert-Mazaye, C. (2022) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.06.004 · Cited by 8
Foreign Language Learning Boredom, Academic Engagement, and Achievement: A Mediation Model
Li, L., Wu, Y., & Kang, X. (2022) · Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research · doi:10.54392/ajir2233 · Cited by 6
Hope and Student Engagement: Keys to School Success
Farnsworth, E. M., Cordle, M., & Groen, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07853-8_10 · Cited by 6
Identifying the Role of Social Relationships in Motivating Students to Learn
Wentzel, K. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0063 · Cited by 9
Using Mobile Devices in Teaching Large University Classes: How Does It Affect Exam Success?
Feraco, T., Casali, N., Tortora, C., Bon, C. D., Accarrino, D., & Meneghetti, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01363 · Cited by 6
“We also investigated whether study strategies and motivation were positively associated with ﬁnal exam performance [as seen by Lei et al. (2018), Mega et al. (2014), and Richardson et al. (2012), for instance].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
The impact of achievement goals on college students’ English performance—A moderated mediation model
Shaojie, T., Samad, A. A., & Ismail, L. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310817 · Cited by 10
Identifying factors influencing online learning outcomes for middle-school students — a re-examination based on XGBoost and SHAP
Yang, S., & Zhu, S. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13405-y · Cited by 5
“For example, Lei et al. (2018) found that students’ AE and SE in online learning significantly and positively affected their academic effectiveness.”
Exploring the association between episodic future thinking and learning engagement under intrinsic motivation mediation and teacher support moderation
Wang, F., & Pan, X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03894-9 · Cited by 7
“Learning engagement has important contributions to student development, such as improving academic performance 59 and developing problem-solving skills 60 .”
Student Engagement in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Longitudinal Study of Medical Students in China
Wu, H., Shi, Z., Ma, X., & Xu, X. (2025) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000006145 · Cited by 5
Implementing a hybrid machine learning technique that merges SVM with KNN to anticipate students' academic achievements
Sharma, M., & Mansotra, V. (2025) · International Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s41870-025-02866-6 · Cited by 5
Academic self-efficacy and self-directed learning ability among nursing students: The moderating role of learning engagement
Ma, H., Zou, J., & Zhong, Y. (2025) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.32604/jpa.2025.070066 · Cited by 5
Psychometric validity of the implicit theories of intelligence scale among Filipino university students: growth mindset is linked to higher self-reported academic achievement via academic engagement
Montano, R. L. T. (2023) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1080/20590776.2023.2262678 · Cited by 5
“Additionally, a recent meta-analysis revealed that student engagement is linked to better academic performance (Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
To be seen, heard, and valued. Active engagement as the next frontier for global health conference equity: a view from the global South
Alayande, B. T. (2023) · Journal of Public Health in Africa · doi:10.4081/jphia.2023.2810 · Cited by 5
The effect of a belongingness strategy on online higher education student performance measures
Bull, D., Johansen, A., Kaiser, D., Merritt-Myrick, S., Nybro, P., Santangelo, D., Slater, L. M., & Tarr, J. E. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2311612 · Cited by 12
“Contrary to previous studies (Lei, Hao, et al., 2018; Rajabalee et al., 2020; Russell & Jarvis, 2019), which mostly focused on qualitative analysis, our study successfully quantified the relationship between the use of a student belongingness strategy and student performance.”
Effect of Students’ Perceived Mastery Goal Orientation on Engagement in Chinese Rural Schools: Mediator Role of Grit
Huang, J., & Sang, G. (2024) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-024-00826-5 · Cited by 6
“When facing contextual challenges or difficulties, higher grit students have stronger motivations and higher engagement levels (Feng & Papi, 2020; Lei et al., 2018).”
Towards the implications of positive teacher interpersonal behaviors for Spanish learners’ academic engagement: Voices from Chinese SFL learners
Ding, N., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31078 · Cited by 7
“There is a common belief among researchers and educational practitioners that students ’ active participation in learning environments dramatically contributes to their academic success [1,2].”
Background
The role of engagement strategies and path-dependency in online learning
Витальевна, Г. А., Boitcov, M., Адамович, К., & Costley, J. (2024) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2024.2413440 · Cited by 7
“For this reason, high student engagement can be seen as a desirable learning outcome in and of itself, especially, in the context of massive open online courses (Lei et al., 2018).”
How does teacher-student interaction shape students’ verbal participation initiative? A multimodal analysis of 2 018 classroom video recordings
Jiang, L., Zhang, B., Tang, X., Wu, L., & Li, H. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2523402 · Cited by 6
“An increasing body of literature indicates that student engagement is associated with positive educational outcomes, such as academic achievement (Guo et al., 2015; Lei et al., 2018; Wang & Fre-dricks, 2014), or standardized test scores (Bakker et al., 2015).”
Research on Factors that Influence College Academic Performance: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Moesarofah, I., Hitipeuw, I., Murwani, F. D., & Pali, M. (2023) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.12.1.537 · Cited by 18
Self-Esteem, Study Habits and Academic Performance among University Students
Kasyoka, A. (2023) · African Journal of Education and Practice · doi:10.47604/ajep.1995 · Cited by 5
Developing participant intellectual humility through technology delivered instruction – A proposed model
Gómez, J. M., Hendy, N. T., & Montargot, N. (2023) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100836 · Cited by 10
Psychological Resources of Adolescents' Achievement: Differential Aspects
Potanina, A. M., & Morosanova, V. I. (2023) · Psychological-Educational Studies · doi:10.17759/psyedu.2023150301 · Cited by 8
“School engagement as an external manifestation of motivation [37] is also significantly related to academic success: the higher the engagement, the higher the achievement [28].”
Background
Design Principle of an Automatic Engagement Estimation System in a Synchronous Distance Learning Practice
Karimah, S. N., Phan, H., Miftakhurrokhmat, M., & Hasegawa, S. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3366552 · Cited by 5
Engaging dropouts with differentiated practices: some evidence from Chile
Espinoza, Ó., González, L. E., McGinn, N., & Castillo, D. (2020) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671522.2020.1736615 · Cited by 7
“Students who participate in academic and/or non-academic activities are more likely to report high levels of satisfaction, and less likely to withdraw (Lei, Cui, and Zhou 2018).”
Background
Factors Influencing Student Engagement During COVID-19 Emergency Remote Teaching
Ekici, M., & Ekici, D. İ. (2021) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7275-7.ch007 · Cited by 5
A research-practice cooperation to support elementary school teachers’ diagnostic competencies based on a working theory of talent development in STEM
Krischler, M., Mack, E., Gnas, J., Breit, M., Matthes, J., & Preckel, F. (2021) · Gifted and Talented International · doi:10.1080/15332276.2021.1961329 · Cited by 6
Relationship between passion for playing video games and behavioral school engagement: Mediation through time spent playing
Rihtarić, M. L., Vrselja, I., & Löw, A. (2022) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2022-3-7 · Cited by 5
“It focuses on the effects of playing video games on adolescents' behavioral school engagement, which is considered crucial for students' academic performance (Fredricks et al., 2005; Lei et al., 2018).”
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Differences between students in various programs in a biochemistry course in lecture attendance, engagement, and academic outcomes
Doggrell, S. A. (2023) · Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education · doi:10.1002/bmb.21729 · Cited by 5
“Student engagement refers to students being actively involved in their learning tasks and is divided into behavioral (students' levels of participation in their learning tasks), cognitive (the cognitive and self-regulation strategies used by students in their learning processes), and emotional engagement (students' em…”
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Social-Emotional Skills, Behavioural Problems and Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Children
Ozerova, E., Martinsone, B., Cefai, C., & Conte, E. (2023) · To Be or Not to Be a Great Educator · doi:10.22364/atee.2022.59 · Cited by 5
“These results match those of other studies (Lei et al., 2018; Snyder et al., 2013), where girls are observed as having higher levels of social-emotional skills, better learning outcomes, and fewer behavioural problems.”
Influential

Authors: Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W.
ORCID: Zhou, Wenye
Venue: Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal
Publisher: Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd
Published: 2018-03-25
Volume: 46
Issue: 3
Pages: 517-528
ISSN: 0301-2212 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2224/sbp.7054
OpenAlex: W2793005603
Cited by: 987
References: 4
Citations by year: 2026: 120 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 246 · 2022: 167 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2
FWCI: 50.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Locations: Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
Keywords: student engagement, academic performance, behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, reporting methods, cultural values, gender differences, moderators

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Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis

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