Cited by 987Education, Achievement, and GiftednessEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentHigher Education Research Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis

Open access

Lei, Hao, Cui, Yunhuo, Zhou, Wenye·2018·Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal

DOI 10.2224/sbp.7054

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Most scholars have argued that student engagement positively predicts academic achievement, but some have challenged this view. We sought to resolve this debate by offering conclusive evidence through a meta-analysis of 69 independent studies (196,473 participants). The results revealed that (a) there was a moderately strong and positive correlation between overall student engagement and academic achievement, and an analysis of the domains of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement showed that almost all had a positive correlation with students' academic achievement; and (b) a moderator analysis revealed that the relationship between student engagement and academic achievement was influenced by the method of reporting engagement, cultural value, and gender. Furthermore, the relationships of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement with academic achievement were influenced by reporting method for engagement, cultural value, or gender.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2224/sbp.7054

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Measuring cognitive and psychological engagement: Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument
Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., Kim, D., & Reschly, A. L. (2006) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.002 · Cited by 1,858
Student Engagement in Instructional Activity: Patterns in the Elementary, Middle, and High School Years
Marks, H. M. (2000) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312037001153 · Cited by 1,686
Students’ emotional and cognitive engagement as the determinants of well-being and achievement in school
Pietarinen, J., Soini, T., & Pyhältö, K. (2014) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2014.05.001 · Cited by 322
Understanding Participation in Learning for Non-traditional Adult Learners: Learning careers and the construction of learning identities
Crossan, B., Field, J., Gallacher, J., & Merrill, B. (2003) · British Journal of Sociology of Education · doi:10.1080/01425690301907 · Cited by 210

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 4 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 981

The Relationship Between Student Engagement and Academic Performance in Online Education
Kuzminykh, I., Ghita, B., & Xiao, H. (2021) · International Conference on E-Society, E-Education and E-Technology (ICSET) · doi:10.1145/3485768.3485796 · Cited by 41
“Similarly, the authors in [15] measured overall student engagement and its influence on academic achievement.”
Background
Empowering principals to conduct classroom observations in a centralized education system: does it make a difference for teacher self-efficacy and instructional practices?
Bellibaş, M. Ş. (2022) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/ijem-02-2022-0086 · Cited by 32
Moderated Mediation Model of the Impact of Autonomous Motivation on Postgraduate Students' Creativity
Wang, H., Wang, L., & Zhu, J. (2022) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100997 · Cited by 37
Delving into the role of self-efficacy in predicting motivation and engagement among music learners
Chen, L. (2024) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2024.101961 · Cited by 30
Technology Acceptance Model in Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Meta-Analysis
Xue, L., Mahat, J., & Ghazali, N. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251409441 · Cited by 61
“Each r coefficient was converted into its corresponding Fisher’s Z score for data analysis, and the synthesized Fisher’s Z score was transformed back to r to display the results (Lei et al., 2018).”
Resistance Capital: Cultural Activism as a Gateway to College Persistence for Minority and First-Generation Students
Kornbluh, M., Bell, S., Vierra, K. D., & Herrnstadt, Z. (2021) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/07435584211006920 · Cited by 31
“When students perceive their culture, background, and voice to be recognized within their school, they are more likely to feel recognized as a person, and a sense of emotional connection toward their school setting (Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
The role of user preferences in engagement with online learning
Ilin, V. (2021) · E-Learning and Digital Media · doi:10.1177/20427530211035514 · Cited by 30
“There is strong evidence that student engagement in ﬂ uences academic achievement (Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
Transactional distance perceptions, student engagement, and course satisfaction in flipped learning: a correlational study
Yılmaz, F. G. K., Zhang, K., Üstün, A. B., & Yılmaz, R. (2022) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2022.2091603 · Cited by 31
“Research suggests a positive relationship between students ’ engagement and their academic achievement (Kuh et al., 2008; Lei et al., 2018; Schnitzler et al., 2021).”
Background
Prediction Versus Explanation in Educational Psychology: a Cross-Theoretical Approach to Using Teacher Behaviour to Predict Student Engagement in Physical Education
Noetel, M., Parker, P. D., Dicke, T., Beauchamp, M. R., Ntoumanis, N., Hulteen, R. M., Diezmann, C. M., Yeung, A. S., Ahmadi, A., Vasconcellos, D., et al. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09786-6 · Cited by 39
The Relationship between Perceived Teacher Emotional Support, Online Academic Burnout, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Online English Academic Engagement of Chinese EFL Learners
Li, H., Feng, L., & Ding, J. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16135542 · Cited by 45
Cognitive Insights from Emotional Intelligence: A Systematic Review of EI Models in Educational Achievement
Gkintoni, E., Dimakos, I. C., & Νικολάου, Γ. (2025) · Emerging Science Journal · doi:10.28991/esj-2024-sied1-016 · Cited by 45
Classroom Enjoyment: Relations With EFL Students’ Disengagement and Burnout
Li, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.824443 · Cited by 29
The association between online class-related enjoyment and academic achievement of college students: a multi-chain mediating model
Zeng, Y., Zhang, W., Wei, J., & Zhang, W. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01390-1 · Cited by 37
“The meta-analysis results showed that the average effect size of the correlation between learning engagement and academic achievement was higher than cognitive engagement and emotional engagement [50].”
Background
Sustainable Growth of Learner Engagement and Well‐Being Through Social (Teacher and Peer) Support: The Mediator Role of Self‐Efficacy
Song, Y. (2024) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.12791 · Cited by 43
A Systematic Review on Student Engagement in Undergraduate Mathematics: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Learning Outcomes
Papageorgiou, E., Wong, J., Liu, Q., Khalil, M., & Cabo, A. J. (2025) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-025-10046-y · Cited by 28
“Moreover, the meta-analyses revealed that the measurement of SE moderates the relationship between SE and achievement, highlighting the critical role of SE operationalization in linking SE to achievement within specific learning activities (Lei et al., 2018; Wong et al., 2024).”
Exploring the Interplay of Motivation, Engagement and Critical Thinking Among EFL Learners: Evidence From Structural Equation Modelling
Yang, J., Chen, Y., & Wang, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70187 · Cited by 28
The effects of online course duration on graduate nurse educator student engagement in the community of inquiry
Tiedt, J. A., Owens, J. M., & Boysen, S. (2021) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103164 · Cited by 28
Comparison on Well-Being, Engagement and Perceived School Climate in Secondary School Students with Learning Difficulties and Specific Learning Disorders: An Exploratory Study
Lombardi, E., Traficante, D., Bettoni, R., Offredi, I., Vernice, M., & Sarti, D. (2021) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs11070103 · Cited by 37
“Moreover, there is evidence that these dimensions appear to be related to each other and to literacy skills [14,22], and a positive correlation between high-school students’ well-being and their academic achievement was observed [22,23].”
Background
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Engagement and Achievement in Early Childhood Research
Lindström, E. R., Chow, J. C., Zimmerman, K. N., Zhao, H., Settanni, E., & Ellison, A. (2021) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/02711214211032720 · Cited by 36
“Our findings align with previous research on this topic in the school-age population (Lei et al., 2018) and extend this research by estimating the”
ResultInfluential
Links between obesity, weight stigma and learning in adolescence: a qualitative study
Langford, R. M., Davies, A. R., Howe, L. D., & Cabral, C. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12538-w · Cited by 37
“A recent metaanalysis found engagement to be an important predictor of academic achievement [34].”
Background
Social presence and teacher involvement: The link with expectancy, task value, and engagement
Edwards, O. V., & Taasoobshirazi, G. (2022) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100869 · Cited by 35
The core self-evaluations, psychological capital, and academic engagement: a cross-national mediation model
Paloș, R., Samfira, E. M., Vîrgă, D., & Purić, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1189665 · Cited by 28
“Academic engagement (AE) is seen as an „intermediate outcome” that facilitates learning (Choi and Rhee, 2014) and is linked to students’ intrinsic motivation, perseverance in academic activities, higher educational aspirations, and success (Lei et al., 2018; Ketonen et al., 2019; Paloş et al., 2019).”
Background
When, how and for whom changes in engagement happen: A transition analysis of instructional variables
Saqr, M., López-Pernas, S., & Vogelsmeier, L. V. D. E. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104934 · Cited by 26
Virtual reality as an engaging and enjoyable method for delivering emergency clinical simulation training: a prospective, interventional study of medical undergraduates
Walls, R., Nageswaran, P., Cowell, A., Sehgal, T., White, T., McVeigh, J., Staykov, S., Basett, P., Mitelpunkt, D., & Sam, A. H. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03433-9 · Cited by 37
“Higher levels of student engagement result in higher levels of academic achievement [15, 16].”
Background
Teacher support and its impact on ESL student engagement in blended learning: The mediating effects of L2 grit and intended effort
Gao, Z., Li, X., & Liao, H. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104428 · Cited by 46
The relationship between social support and mental health in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Luo, J., Du, R., Wang, X., & Luo, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1642886 · Cited by 34
“To stabilize variance and improve the precision of pooled estimates, Fisher’s z-transformation was applied to all r values prior to analysis (Lei et al., 2018 interpreted as small ( r 0.30), moderate (0.30 ≤ r 0.50), or large ( r ≥ 0.50), with statistical significance defined as p 0.05.”
Influential
Engagement of Children who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Attending Mainstream Schools
Todorov, M., Galvin, K. L., Klieve, S., & Rickards, F. (2021) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/deafed/enab003 · Cited by 27
Toward the Role of Language Teacher Confirmation and Stroke in EFL/ESL Students’ Motivation and Academic Engagement: A Theoretical Review
Gao, Y. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723432 · Cited by 35
The longitudinal associations among student externalizing behaviors, teacher-student relationships, and classroom engagement
Hasty, L. M., Quintero, M., Li, T., Song, S., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101242 · Cited by 39
Motivation Science
(2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.001.0001 · Cited by 33
Is respect for teachers beneficial or harmful to students? The predictive effects of dual dimensions of respect-for-teachers on teacher-student relationships and academic engagement in a Confucian cultural context
Chien, C., Hsu, S., & Lin, T.-H. (2024) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-024-09905-3 · Cited by 30
“In this paper, behavioral engagement is used as a proxy for academic engagement, indicating the extent to which students participate in learning, including involvement in different learning activities (Lei et al., 2018; Reeve & Tseng, 2011).”
“I Am Excessively Pressed by Classroom Tasks”: A Cross‐Cultural Study on the Sources and Solutions of Chinese and Iranian EFL Students' Academic Disengagement in Online Classes
Derakhshan, A., & Gao, X. A. (2025) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23374 · Cited by 26
Exploring Aspects of Open Educational Resources Through OER-Enabled Pedagogy
Tillinghast, B., Fialkowski, M. K., & Draper, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.00076 · Cited by 27
Barriers and facilitators to engaging in mainstream primary school classrooms: Voices of students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing
Todorov, M., Galvin, K. L., Punch, R., Klieve, S., & Rickards, F. (2021) · Deafness & Education International · doi:10.1080/14643154.2021.1992829 · Cited by 26
Understanding the Impacts of Chinese Undergraduate Tourism Students’ Professional Identity on Learning Engagement
Yu, F., Chen, Q., & Hou, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132313379 · Cited by 28
“At present, in the field of higher education, the research on learning engagement mainly focus on the following aspects: constructing theoretical concept, measuring learning engagement, carrying out empirical research, exploring influencing process, and examining the effects of learning engagement [54,57,58].”
Background
What to Blend? Exploring the Relationship Between Student Engagement and Academic Achievement via a Blended Learning Approach
Argyriou, P., Benamar, K., & Nikolajeva, M. (2022) · Psychology Learning & Teaching · doi:10.1177/14757257221091512 · Cited by 36
“…for individual differences in how students master skills (e.g., students who perform well, master their learning skills, and need less time to study), and highlighted that the different components of engagement might have a differential association with academic achievement (Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
Single-Item Happiness Measure Features Adequate Validity Among Adolescents
Lukoševičiūtė, J., Gariépy, G., Mabelis, J., Gaspar, T., Joffė-Luinienė, R., & Šmigelskas, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.884520 · Cited by 33
“Teacher support is not only considered necessary for academic development but also may impact students’ emotional outcomes (Lei et al., 2018), while better relationships with school staff are also associated with positive subjective well-being (Moore et al.”
Background
The effect of overall parental satisfaction on Chinese students' learning engagement: Role of student anxiety and educational implications
Oubibi, M., Chen, G., Fute, A. Z., & Zhou, Y. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12149 · Cited by 28
“Mystkowska defined learning engagement as the degree of participation and effort of students in the learning process [4]; Studies have shown a positive correlation between learning engagement and academic achievement [5,6].”
Background
The effects of self-efficacy, teacher support, and positive academic emotions on student engagement in online courses among EFL university students
Alrashidi, O., & Alshammarı, S. H. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13139-3 · Cited by 38
“Cognitive engagement relates to the depth of students’ men - tal investment in their studies, including their desire to understand and master tasks and skills and the strategies they use to understand academic materials (Lawson & Lawson, 2013; Lei et al., 2018).”
The relationship between Chinese university students’ learning preparation and learning achievement within the EFL blended teaching context in COVID-19 post-epidemic era: The mediating effect of learning methods
Hua, M., & Wang, L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280919 · Cited by 29
A vision-based multi-cues approach for individual students’ and overall class engagement monitoring in smart classroom environments
Pabba, C., & Kumar, P. (2023) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-023-17533-w · Cited by 29
“Therefore, it becomes crucial for teachers to actively monitor individual students’ engagement and strive to maintain overall class engagement throughout lecture delivery to achieve the best teaching-learning outcomes [9].”
Associations between effectiveness of blended learning, student engagement, student learning outcomes, and student academic motivation in higher education
Han, X. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13246-1 · Cited by 38
“Different aspects of student engagement might be linked differently to academic performance (Lei et al., 2018).”
Using Assessment for Learning: Multi-Case Studies of Three Chinese University English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers Engaging Students in Learning and Assessment
Wu, X. M., Zhang, L. J., & Liu, Q. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725132 · Cited by 33
Positive Family Environment, General Distress, Subjective Well-Being, and Academic Engagement among High School Students Before and During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Romero, J. C. G., Domínguez, A. P., Villa, E. G., & Lugo, S. G. (2021) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/01430343211066461 · Cited by 29
“…engagement Ameta-analysis of 69 independent studies revealed a moderately strong and positive correlation between school engagement and academic achievement, and this correlation was maintained even at the level of the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement domains (Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
Longitudinal associations among teacher–child relationship quality, behavioral engagement, and academic achievement
Li, L., Valiente, C., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Johns, S. K., Berger, R. H., Thompson, M. S., Southworth, J., Piña, A., Hernández, M. M., et al. (2022) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.05.006 · Cited by 29
Impact of student-teacher relationship quality on classroom behavioral engagement for young students on the autism spectrum
Losh, A., Eisenhower, A., & Blacher, J. (2022) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102027 · Cited by 27
The impact of self-efficacy on the well-being of primary school teachers: a Greek-Cypriot study
Reppa, G., Mousoulidou, M., Tzovla, E., Koundourou, C., & Christodoulou, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1223222 · Cited by 23
Engagement and emotional exhaustion among higher education students; a mixed-methods study of four student profiles
Klinkenberg, E. F., Versteeg, M., & Kappe, R. F. (2023) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2023.2281533 · Cited by 23
“While high levels of engagement are generally positively linked to academic performances (Lei, Cui, and Zhou 2018), high levels of burn-out negatively in ﬂ uence academic progress (Madigan and Curran 2021).”
Beyond Oral Participation: A Typology of Student Engagement in Classroom Discussions
Shi, M., & Tan, C. Y. (2020) · New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.1007/s40841-020-00166-0 · Cited by 34
Providing Institutional Support for Academic Engagement in Online and Blended Learning Programs
Tuiloma, S. H., Graham, C. R., Arias, A. M., & Caicedo, D. M. P. (2022) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci12100641 · Cited by 29
“Because of these ﬁndings, many educational programs have tried to implement support structures to aid student engagement [6,7,11,12].”
Background
Effects of different types of cues and self-explanation prompts in instructional videos on deep learning: evidence from multiple data analysis
Zheng, X., Ma, Y., Yue, T., & Yang, X. (2023) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-023-10188-2 · Cited by 26
“Moreover, Lei et al. (2018) found that learning engagement was crucial for deep and productive learning.”
Background
Perceived related humor in the classroom, student–teacher relationship quality, and engagement: Individual differences in sense of humor among students
Lu’mu, Cahyadi, A., Ramli, M., Ruslan, R., & Hendryadi, H. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13035 · Cited by 23
The relationship between student engagement and dropout risk in early adolescence
Szabó, L., Zsolnai, A., & Fehérvári, A. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Research Open · doi:10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100328 · Cited by 23
Houston, we Have a Pandemic: Technical Difficulties, Distractions and Online Student EngagementPreprint
Kostaki, D., & Karayianni, I. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/6mrhc · Cited by 31
The relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and university students’ academic engagement: The mediating effect of emotional intelligence
Chen, H., & Zhang, M. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917578 · Cited by 36
“Recently, facilitating engagement has also been revealed to reduce the adversarial impact of sociodemographic predictors on student performance (Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
Measuring Children’s Engagement in Early Childhood Education and Care Settings: A Scoping Literature Review
Ritoša, A., Åström, F., Björck‐Åkesson, E., Borglund, L., Karlsson, E., McHugh, E., & Nylander, E. M. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09815-4 · Cited by 44
“Engagement also predicts learning achievement (Aydogan, 2012; Lan-geloo et al., 2020; Lei et al., 2018) and well-being (Pietarinen et al., 2014; Roorda et al., 2017).”
Background
The role of perceived campus climate in students’ academic achievements as mediated by students’ engagement in higher education institutions
Berhanu, K. Z., & Sewagegn, A. A. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2377839 · Cited by 22
“However, the association of these variables was also affected by gender, forms of engagement, and cultural values such as religiosity and ethnicity (Lei et al., 2018).”
The Relationship Between School Engagement and Conscious Self-regulation of Learning Activity: The Current State of the Problem and Research Perspectives in Russia and Abroad
Fomina, T. G., Potanina, A. M., & Morosanova, V. I. (2020) · Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика · doi:10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-3-390-411 · Cited by 22
Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Conscious Self-Regulation, School Engagement and Student Academic Achievement
Fomina, T. G., Filippova, E. V., & Morosanova, V. I. (2021) · Psychological Science and Education · doi:10.17759/pse.2021260503 · Cited by 22
Side effects of academic engagement? How boys’ and girls’ well-being is related to their engagement and motivational regulation
Kessels, U., & Houtte, M. V. (2021) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2021.2011840 · Cited by 31
“Engagement is positively related to academic achievement (Janosz et al. 2008; Pietarinen, Soini, and Pyhältö 2014), with behavioural engagement showing the highest effect sizes of all three types of engagement (Lei, Cui, and Zhou 2018).”
Background
Teacher-Student Relationship and Its Influence on College Student Engagement and Academic Achievement
Mallik, B. (2023) · Anatolian Journal of Education · doi:10.29333/aje.2023.817a · Cited by 41
Learning, Marginalization, and Improving the Quality of Education in Low-income Countries
Online, L. A. T. B. O. T. P. (. 2., Wagner, D. A., Castillo, N. M., & Lewis, S. G. (2022) · Open Book Publishers · doi:10.11647/obp.0256 · Cited by 38
5. Reducing Inequality in Education Using “Smaller, Quicker, Cheaper” Assessments
Crouch, L. A., & Slade, T. S. (2022) · Open Book Publishers · doi:10.11647/obp.0256.05 · Cited by 20
Investigating EFL students’ engagement in project-based speaking activities: from a multi-dimensional perspective
Zhong, J., Ismail, L., & Lin, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1598513 · Cited by 45
The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies in the Relationship between Cognitive Flexibility and Well-being
Asıcı, E., & Sarı, H. İ. (2021) · Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmacıları Dergisi · doi:10.52134/ueader.889204 · Cited by 21
A Moderated Mediation Model of Expectancy-Value Interactions, Engagement, and Foreign Language Performance
Wu, Y., & Kang, X. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211059176 · Cited by 26
“Lei et al. (2018) compared the effect sizes of behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and emotional engagement on academic achievement, and found that behavioral engagement has the highest predictive effect, followed by cognitive engagement and emotional engagement.”
Background
Managing university e-learning environments and academic achievement in the United Arab Emirates: An instructor and student perspective
Ibanez, A., Al-Radaideh, A., Sisodia, G. S., Mathew, A., & del Río, J. A. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268338 · Cited by 29
Active Participation and Interaction, Key Performance Factors of Face-to-Face Learning
Marco‐Fondevila, M., Tomás, M. R., & Martínez, M. P. L. (2022) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci12070429 · Cited by 21
The effect of humor and perceived social interdependence on teamwork engagement in student groups
Gheorghe, A., Fodor, O. C., Curșeu, P. L., Trif, S., & Cirebea, L. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03482-4 · Cited by 27
“, 2009), academic achievement (Lei et al., 2018), task performance (Salanova et al.”
Background
Examining the predictors of university students' engagement, fear of missing out and Internet addiction in online environments
Avcı, Ü., & Kula, A. (2022) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-05-2021-0416 · Cited by 21
Conscious Self-regulation, Motivational Factors, and Personality Traits as Predictors of Students’ Academic Performance: A Linear Empirical Model
Morosanova, V. I., Bondarenko, I. N., & Fomina, T. G. (2022) · Psychology in Russia State of Art · doi:10.11621/pir.2022.0411 · Cited by 21
The impact of low self-esteem on academic achievement and the behaviors related to it among medical students in Saudi Arabia
Alghamdi, S. A., Aljaffer, M. A., Alahmari, F. S., Alasiri, A. B., Alkahtani, A. H., Alhudayris, F. S., & Alhusaini, B. A. (2023) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2023.44.6.20230055 · Cited by 21
Modelling the associations between academic engagement, study process and grit on academic achievement of physical education and sport university students
Tannoubi, A., Quansah, F., Magouri, I., Chalghaf, N., Bonsaksen, T., Srem‐Sai, M., Hagan, J. E., Handrianto, C., Azaiez, F., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01454-2 · Cited by 33
The association between school educational atmosphere, learning engagement, and professional commitment of nursing students, and learning engagement as the mediator
Zhang, X., Chen, Y., Li, B., Jiang, L., Lang, X., & Zeng, T. (2024) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106223 · Cited by 21
Feeling well and doing well. The mediating role of school engagement in the relationship between student well-being and academic achievement
Schnell, J., Saxer, K., Morinaj, J., & Hascher, T. (2025) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-025-00947-5 · Cited by 41
“Previous studies have found relationships between all three engagement components and achievement, with the strongest evidence for behavioral engagement (for a meta-analysis see Lei et al., 2018).”
Emotional intelligence and academic achievement among first-year undergraduate university students: the mediating role of academic engagement
Bereded, D. G., Abebe, A. S., & Negasi, R. D. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1567418 · Cited by 53
“Furthermore, the present study’s results are consistent with those of Nieto-Carracedo et al. (2024) and Lei et al. (2018), who found a positive correlation between overall student academic engagement (along with its dimensions: vigor, dedication, and absorption) and academic achievement.”
The reciprocal relationship between academic resilience and emotional engagement of students and the effects of participating in the Educational Welfare Priority Support Project in Korea: Autoregressive cross-lagged modeling
Kim, S. J., Lee, J., Song, J. H., & Lee, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101802 · Cited by 20
The Impact of COVID-19-Induced Changes at Schools on Elementary Students' School Engagement
Thorsteinsen, K., Parks‐Stamm, E. J., Olsen, M., Kvalø, M., & Martiny, S. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687611 · Cited by 22
Sustainable School Environment as a Landscape for Secondary School Students’ Engagement in Learning
Brandišauskienė, A., Bukšnytė-Marmienė, L., Česnavičienė, J., Daugirdienė, A., Kemerytė-Ivanauskienė, E., & Nedzinskaitė, R. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132111714 · Cited by 20
“Lei with colleagues [52] noted that boys with good or poor grades may be less likely to engage in learning, because they see no point in demonstrating their learning abilities.”
BackgroundMethod
Student Engagement, No Learning without It
Perry, A. (2022) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2022.134079 · Cited by 20
“Engaging tasks in STEM classrooms, like the project was for the boy in this example, are the critical to supporting student development along STEM college (Lei et al., 2018).”
Fostering ICT Competencies in Blended Learning: Role of Curriculum Content, Material, and Teaching Strategies
Ashraf, M. A., Iqbal, J., Arif, M. I., & Asghar, M. Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.758016 · Cited by 31
“Lei et al. (2018) conducted studies in the Australian context and found that the ICT curriculum is inadequate for improving graduates’ ICT competencies for their employment.”
BackgroundInfluential
The role of peer relationships among elementary school students: Focusing on the mediation effects of grit depending on teacher-student relationships
Lee, M., & Ha, G. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03359-6 · Cited by 25
Student Engagement in the HyFlex and Online Classrooms: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bozan, K., Gaskin, J. E., & Stoner, C. (2023) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-023-09661-x · Cited by 24
“Student engagement is traditionally associated with face-to-face classroom learning, but recent studies explored this course delivery modality (Dumford et al., 2018; Lei et al., 2018).”
Relationship between Student Engagement and Academic Achievement in College English Education for Non-English Majors in China
Liu, M., Noordin, N. B., Ismail, L., & Abdrahim, N. A. (2023) · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research · doi:10.26803/ijlter.22.8.12 · Cited by 20
“A meta-analysis conducted by Lei, Cui, and Zhou (2018) synthesized findings from 69 independent studies involving a total of 196,473 participants, also confirming a moderately positive relationship between student engagement and academic achievement.”
Influential
Teacher support for students’ psychological needs and student engagement: Differences across school levels based on a national teacher survey
Patall, E. A., Vite, A., Lee, D. J., & Zambrano, J. (2023) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2023.104400 · Cited by 34
“…elementary and secondary school levels has been tied to a variety of immediate and long-term outcomes, including higher academic achievement (e.g., Lei et al., 2018), increased odds of high school graduation (e.g., Archambault et al., 2009; Wang & Fredericks, 2014), greater psychosocial…”
Intención de abandono y abandono durante el primer curso de Formación Profesional de Grado Medio: un análisis tomando como referencia el concepto de implicación del estudiante ("student engagement")
Cerdà-Navarro, A., García, I. S., & Salvà‐Mut, F. (2020) · Estudios sobre Educación · doi:10.15581/004.39.33-57 · Cited by 20
Preparedness of Students for Future Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: A Bangladeshi Perspective
Shohel, M. M. C., Ashrafuzzaman, M., Alam, A. S., Mahmud, A., Ahsan, M. S., & Islam, M. T. (2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2055-364120210000041006 · Cited by 20
Self-Worth as a Mediator and Moderator Between Teacher-Student Relationships and Student Engagement in Rural Schools
Huang, J., Sang, G., & Chao, T.-Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.777937 · Cited by 26
“A body of research has indicated that a stronger student engagement leads to higher student achievement, as well as lower levels of student dissatisfaction and dropout rates (e.g., Quin, 2017; Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
Disentangling motivation and engagement: Exploring the role of effort in promoting greater conceptual and methodological clarity
Nagy, R. P., Martin, A. J., & Collie, R. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045717 · Cited by 22
“Researchers are increasingly focusing on students’ engagement at school as a predictor of academic success (Lei et al., 2018).”
Background
Relationships between psychological characteristics, academic fit and engagement with academic performance in veterinary medical students
Muca, E., Molino, M., Ghislieri, C., Baratta, M., Odore, R., Bergero, D., & Valle, E. (2023) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-023-03695-0 · Cited by 21
“In their meta-analysis study, Lei, Cui and Zhou also showed a positive correlation between engagement and academic achievement [51].”
Background
Modelización del Efecto del Compromiso Escolar sobre el Rendimiento Escolar en Cinco Países de Iberoamérica
Miranda‐Zapata, E., Lara, L., & Saracostti, M. (2021) · Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.21865/ridep59.2.12 · Cited by 19
What Is Motivation, Where Does It Come from, and How Does It Work?
Dweck, C. S., Dixon, M. L., & Gross, J. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0001 · Cited by 23
Recognition of student engagement in classroom from affective states
Mandia, S., Singh, K., & Mitharwal, R. (2023) · International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval · doi:10.1007/s13735-023-00284-7 · Cited by 18
“student engagement and academic accomplishments [4].”
Flourish-HE: An online positive education programme to promote university student wellbeing
Morgan, B. E., Simmons, L. K., & Ayles, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1124983 · Cited by 20
“A metaanalysis on the relationship between academic engagement and achievement (Lei et al., 2018) suggests a moderately strong and positive relationship between these constructs, with emotional, cognitive and behavioural elements of engagement all predictive of academic achievement.”
Background
Interconnected factors in EFL engagement: classroom climate, growth mindset, and achievement goals
Ma, W., Yang, W., & Bu, Q. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1353360 · Cited by 42
The Role of Grit in Students’ L2 Engagement in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom
Liu, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.749844 · Cited by 18
Facial and Bodily Expressions of Emotional Engagement
Greipl, S., Bernecker, K., & Ninaus, M. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3474667 · Cited by 20
“Many of today’s a tt empts to deepening the understanding how individuals perform tasks are concerned with engagement [45,52,64].”
Background
To Hope and Belong in Adolescence: A Potential Pathway to Increased Academic Engagement for African American Males
Dixson, D. D., & Gentzis, E. (2021) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2021.1985927 · Cited by 17
“Several scholars have conceptualized academic engagement as a multidimensional construct made up of three components—behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, and intellectual engagement (Furrer & Skinner, 2003; Lei et al., 2018; Wang & Eccles, 2012).”
Background
Study-related wellbeing, behavior, and attitudes of university students in the Netherlands during emergency remote teaching in the context of COVID-19: A longitudinal study
Vollmann, M., Scheepers, R. A., Nieboer, A. P., & Hilverda, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1056983 · Cited by 20
“This might be beneficial to students’ academic performances and achievements (Upadyaya and Salmela-Aro, 2013; Chang et al., 2014; Schneider and Preckel, 2017; Lei et al., 2018; Madigan and Curran, 2020; Pu et al., 2020; Gopal et al., 2021).”
Background
MDNN: Predicting Student Engagement via Gaze Direction and Facial Expression in Collaborative Learning
Chen, Y., Zhou, J., Gao, Q., Gao, J., & Zhang, W. (2023) · Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences · doi:10.32604/cmes.2023.023234 · Cited by 17

Authors: Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W.
ORCID: Zhou, Wenye
Venue: Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal
Publisher: Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd
Published: 2018-03-25
Volume: 46
Issue: 3
Pages: 517-528
ISSN: 0301-2212 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2224/sbp.7054
OpenAlex: W2793005603
Cited by: 987
References: 4
Citations by year: 2026: 120 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 246 · 2022: 167 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2
FWCI: 50.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Locations: Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
Keywords: student engagement, academic performance, behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, reporting methods, cultural values, gender differences, moderators

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks