Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators

In the citing paper

“Raw effect sizes were corrected for bias (i.e., the upward-bias of effect sizes among small samples; Hedges, 1981); however, most correction factors were close to 1.0 given the large sample sizes.”

In the citing paper

“we applied a correction to bias-correct estimates (resulting in what is often referred to as Hedge ' s g ).”

In the citing paper

“As standardized mean difference ( d ) is known to have a slight positive bias (Hedges 1981), we applied a correction to bias-correct estimates (resulting in what is often referred to as Hedge ' s g ).”

In the citing paper

“To correct for possible bias caused by small samples, Cohen's d was then used to calculate Hedges' g (Hedges 1981).”

In the citing paper

“Effect sizes were computed as Hedges’ g standardised mean differences (SMDs) to correct for small-sample bias and improve comparability across tasks88.”

In the citing paper

“Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine appear ineffective. 13 , 14”

In the citing paper

“Unlike Cohen's d, Hedge's G a helps to control for common overestimations of effect sizes in samples below 20 (Hedges 1981).”

In the citing paper

“Preliminary searching indicates that most samples are over 100 and none are under 50, so the small‐sample correction (to use Hedges' g) is not likely to be needed (Hedges, 1981).”

In the citing paper

“We chose Hedges’ g as our measure of effect size because it is unitless, so it allows us to compare human–AI performance across different metrics, and it corrects for upward bias in the raw standardized mean difference (Cohen’s d)61.”

In the citing paper

“Risk of bias of the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias 120 , which were independently conducted by a minimum of two researchers (KJM, PA, and/or DH).”

In the citing paper

“Next, an estimation for Hedges' g (Hedges, 1981) was applied as a conservative measure to correct for sample size.”

In the citing paper

“Since differences in sample sizes between studies might introduce bias into the calculated effect sizes, Hedges's g was used to adjust the effect sizes to correct for small sample size biases (Hedges, 1981).”