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Cited by 623

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Development of Knowledge about the Appearance-Reality Distinction

Flavell, John H., Green, Frances L., Flavell, Eleanor R., Watson, Malcolm W., Campione, Joseph C.·1986·Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

Abstract

7 studies of the acquisition of knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction suggest the following course of development. Many 3-year-olds seem to possess little or no understanding of the distinction. They fail the simplest Appearance-Reality (AR) tasks and are unresponsive to efforts to teach them the distinction. Skill in solving simple AR tasks is highly correlated with skill in solving simple perceptual Perspective-taking (PT) tasks; this suggests the hypothesis that the ability to represent the selfsame stimulus in two different, seemingly incompatible ways may underlie both skills. Children of 6-7 years have acquired both skills but nevertheless find it very difficult to reflect on and talk about such appearance-reality concepts as "looks like," "really and truly," and "looks different from the way it really and truly is." In contrast, children of 11-12 years, and to an even greater degree college students, possess a substantial body of rich, readily accessible, and explicit knowledge in this area.

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Metadata

Authors
Flavell, J. H., Green, F. L., Flavell, E. R., Watson, M. W., & Campione, J. C.
Venue
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development
Published
1986
Volume
51
Issue
1
Pages
i
ISSN
0037-976X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2045053893
Cited by
623
References
43
FWCI
12.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development of Knowledge about the Appearance-Reality Distinction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1165866
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Flavell, J. H., Green, F. L., Flavell, E. R., Watson, M. W., & Campione, J. C. (1986). Development of Knowledge about the Appearance-Reality Distinction. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. https://doi.org/10.2307/1165866

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