The Malayan gaur or seladang

Observations by multiple naturalists and field biologists suggest that B. gaurus depends less on sight and more on smell and hearing to detect danger.

“Observations by multiple naturalists and field biologists suggest that B. gaurus depends less on sight (despite being capable of seeing at night) and more on smell and hearing to detect danger (Inverarity 1889;Dunbar-Brander 1923;Hubback 1937;Schaller 1967;Krishnan 1972).”

B. gaurus secretes an oily chemical through its skin.

“B. gaurus secretes an oily chemical through its skin, which had been noticed by early naturalists who had proposed that it acted as an insect repellent (Hubback 1937).”

In Malaysia, young were seen at all times except from October to December.

“Hubback (1937) reported seeing young in Malaysia at all times except from October to December”

The gestation period of B. gaurus is similar to the 9-month gestation period of domestic cattle.

“This is similar in duration to the 9-month gestation period that we know for domestic cattle and that was reported for B. gaurus by Hubback (1937).”

In Malaysia, B. gaurus has been associated with habitats dominated by secondary vegetation, such as jungle clearings, abandoned fields of shifting cultivators, forest fringes, and openings along rivers.

“In Malaysia, B. gaurus has been associated with habitats dominated by secondary vegetation, such as jungle clearings, abandoned fields of shifting cultivators, forest fringes, and openings along rivers (Hubback 1937;Foenander 1952;Stevens 1968;Weigum 1972;Conry 1989).”

B. gaurus have historically and even today use mineral licks throughout their distributional range.

“B. gaurus have historically and even today use mineral licks throughout their distributional range (Inverarity 1889;Hubback 1937;Ogilvie 1954;Schaller 1967;Krishnan 1972;Weigum 1972;Steinmetz 2004).”

In threat situations, male and female B. gaurus often emit short, deep, and loud grunts and snorts.

“In such situations, males and females often emit short, deep, and loud grunts and snorts that have been described as follows:”

Females of all ages and males below the age of 3 years are nearly always found in herds, and adult males are found both within herds and alone.

“Females of all ages and males below the age of 3 years are nearly always found in herds, and adult males are found both within herds and alone (Inverarity 1889;Hubback 1937;Morris 1937;Schaller 1967).”

Bos gaurus is predominantly a herding animal.

“Bosgaurus is predominantly a herding animal (Fig. 7).”

Older black bulls make a call, presumably a rutting call, that is so unique that it distinguishes an adult male B. gaurus from other animals as much as its other prominent features do.

“Older (black) bulls make a call, presumably a rutting call, that is so unique that it distinguishes an adult male Bos gaurus from other animals as much as its other prominent features do, such as the dorsal ridge and dewlap.”

When the black bull call is heard, it is common to hear other black bulls responding with the same call.

“When this call is heard, it is common to hear other black bulls responding with the same call.”

Calves below the age of 2 months have been found alone lying motionless in undergrowth with their necks stretched out close to the ground, appearing to be attempts to remain concealed.

“Calves below the age of 2 months have been found alone lying motionless in undergrowth with their necks stretched out close to the ground that appear to be attempts to remain concealed (Inverarity 1889;Hubback 1937;Ahrestani et al. 2011).”