The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Poverty and the Distribution of Material Hardship
Abstract
Public concern with poverty derives in large part from the assumption that low income families cannot afford necessities. Yet official poverty statistics focus on measuring income, not on measuring material hardship. Two surveys of Chicago residents measure whether families could afford food, housing and medical care. A family's official income-to-needs ratio explained 24 percent of the variance in the amount of material hardship it reported. Adjustments for family size, age, health, noncash benefits, home ownership, and access to credit explain another 15 percent. Variations in permanent income explain almost none of the remaining variance in hardship. Among families with the same official income-to-needs ratio, material hardship varies by age, family size and composition.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The environment of childhood poverty
Evans, G. W. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.2.77 · Cited by 2,396
Weights in Multidimensional Indices of Wellbeing: An Overview
Decancq, K., & Lugo, M. A. (2013) · Econometric Reviews · doi:10.1080/07474938.2012.690641 · Cited by 850
Work experiences and personality development in young adulthood.
Roberts, B. W., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.582 · Cited by 753
Geronimus, A. T., Hicken, M. T., Pearson, J. A., Seashols, S. J., Brown, K. L., & Cruz, T. D. (2010) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-010-9078-0 · Cited by 447
Peverill, M., Dirks, M. A., Narvaja, T., Herts, K. L., Comer, J. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101933 · Cited by 348
Nolan, B., & Whelan, C. T. (2010) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.20493 · Cited by 313
Butterworth, P., Rodgers, B., & Windsor, T. D. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.008 · Cited by 303
Age and the Effect of Economic Hardship on Depression
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2001) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090174 · Cited by 285
Income Poverty and Material Hardship: How Strong Is the Association?
Iceland, J., & Bauman, K. J. (2007) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2006.12.003 · Cited by 274
Geronimus, A. T., & Thompson, J. P. (2004) · Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x04042031 · Cited by 170
Heflin, C., Sandberg, J., & Rafail, P. (2009) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.2009.56.4.746 · Cited by 131
Zilanawala, A., & Pilkauskas, N. V. (2012) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.008 · Cited by 128
Food Insecurity in the United States: An Overview
Alaimo, K. (2005) · Topics in Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00008486-200510000-00002 · Cited by 118
Vargas, E. D. (2015) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.07.009 · Cited by 111
Many of the kids are not alright: Material hardship among children in the United States
Rodems, R., & Shaefer, H. L. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104767 · Cited by 70
Alley, D. E., Soldo, B. J., Pagán, J. A., McCabe, J., deBlois, M., Field, S. H., Asch, D. A., & Cannuscio, C. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.161877 · Cited by 56
Effects of unemployment and underemployment on material hardship in single-mother families
Eamon, M. K., & Wu, C.-F. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.09.006 · Cited by 55
Long‐term effects of fathers' depressed mood on youth internalizing symptoms in early adulthood
Reeb, B. T., Wu, E. Y., Martin, M. J., Gelardi, K. L., Chan, S. Y. S., & Conger, K. J. (2015) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12112 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Mayer, S. E., & Jencks, C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Human Resources
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88
- ISSN
- 0022-166X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1579848099
- Cited by
- 644
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 21.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
