Income Poverty and Material Hardship: How Strong Is the Association?
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Material hardship and income poverty are only modestly correlated.
“These findings are consistent with several studies that report that material hardship and income poverty are only modestly correlated [6,7,12].”
From Poverty, Material Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes: A Nuanced Understanding of Material Hardship in Childhood (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Material hardship and income poverty are not synonymous; some income poor families do not experience material hardship, while other families with incomes well above the poverty threshold struggle to meet their material needs.
“Although material hardship is closely linked to income poverty, these are not synonymous. Some income poor families do not experience material hardship, while other families with incomes well above the poverty threshold struggle to meet their material needs [1,5,6,7].”
From Poverty, Material Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes: A Nuanced Understanding of Material Hardship in Childhood (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The results support the growing consensus that income poverty and material hardship do not necessarily reflect the same experience of economic vulnerability.
“Our results support the growing consensus that income poverty and material hardship do not necessarily reflect the same experience of economic vulnerability [1,5,6,11].”
From Poverty, Material Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes: A Nuanced Understanding of Material Hardship in Childhood (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Our results support the growing consensus that income poverty and material hardship do not necessarily reflect the same experience of economic vulnerability [1,5,6,11].”
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- Authors
- Iceland, J., & Bauman, K. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- United States Census Bureau (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iceland, John
- ORCID
- Iceland, John
- Venue
- The Journal of Socio-Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 376-396
- ISSN
- 1053-5357 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971873427
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 50.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Socio-Economics (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Keywords
- income poverty, material hardship, material deprivation, food insecurity, basic needs, durable goods, housing problems, neighborhood problems, fear of crime, poverty duration, poverty depth, material well-being
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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