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APPETITES AND AVERSIONS AS CONSTITUENTS OF INSTINCTS
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“Goal-directed behavior is thought to be divided into two general phases, appetitive and consummatory phases (Craig, 1918; Konorski, 1967), served by distinct neuronal mechanisms.”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Craig, 1918
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Items 501–600 of 707
Hinde, R. A. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0001877x · Cited by 3
Developing a method to investigate motivational sequences in the chick
Seehuus, B., Blokhuis, H. J., Mendl, M., & Keeling, L. J. (2012) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064702.2012.721388 · Cited by 3
“Craig (1918) described appetitive behaviours as ‘‘states of agitation that continued as long as the strived for stimulus was missing’’.”
BackgroundA group-system hypothesis as an explanation of sociologic phenomena
Adler, H. M., & Adler, F. (1975) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00577995 · Cited by 3
Animal well-being: There are many paths to enlightenment
Segal, E. F. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077426 · Cited by 3
Insect Sociality—An Introduction
Hermann, H. R. (1979) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-342201-9.50008-2 · Cited by 3
Biopsychologische Aspekte der Motivation
Schultheiss, O. C., & Wirth, M. M. (2010) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12693-2_10 · Cited by 3
Appetitive and Consummatory Aspects of Food Intake in Rodents
Rowland, N. E., & Mathes, C. M. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420047844.ch3 · Cited by 3
The Modification of Sexual Behavior Through Conditioning: An Avian Model
Domjan, M. P. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9682-6_10 · Cited by 3
Avoidance and Approach Motivation: A Brief History
Korn, R., & Elliot, A. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.26071-6 · Cited by 3
Neuroethology: In defense of open range; don't fence me in
Bullock, T. H. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018677 · Cited by 3
Seeking the sources of simian suffering
Novak, M. A., & Meyer, J. S. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077360 · Cited by 3
Difficulties and relevance of a neuroethological approach to neurobiology
Clarac, F. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018689 · Cited by 3
Der Kampf um den Begriff des tierischen Instinktes
Haan, J. (1942) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/bf01475674 · Cited by 3
Neweklowsky, W. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1972.tb01782.x · Cited by 3
Neuroethology: An overnarrow definition can become a source of dogmatism
Bässler, U. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018653 · Cited by 3
Motor Patterns Dedicated to Sensory Functions
Chiszar, D. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2235-1_4 · Cited by 3
Hierarchical Organization of Physiological Subsystems in Elementary Food Acquisition Behavior
ALEKSANDROV, Y. I., & Grinchenko, Y. V. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-688980-2.50016-3 · Cited by 3
Hinde, R. A. (1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-249403-1.50016-5 · Cited by 3
Bayne, K. A. L., Beaver, B. V., Mench, J. A., & Morton, D. B. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50035-1 · Cited by 3
Decisions in an Innate Behavioral SequencePreprint
Cury, K. M., & Axel, R. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.04.03.438315 · Cited by 3
Response : Responses in Pavlovian Conditioning Studies
Wasserman, E. A. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.186.4159.157.a · Cited by 3
Wise, R. A. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471214426.pas0319 · Cited by 3
Salamone, J. D., & Correa, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.00365-5 · Cited by 3
The Intervening Touch of Mentality
Miller, G. L. (2021) · Process Studies · doi:10.5406/processstudies.50.2.0155 · Cited by 2
Control of fluid intake in dehydrated rats and evolution of sodium appetite
Junior, L. A. D. L., Laurin, M., & Menani, J. V. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114642 · Cited by 2
Conducta de comer: Variables comunes a través del condicionamiento y la motivación
Bruner, C. A. (2010) · Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta · doi:10.5514/rmac.v36.i2.18479 · Cited by 2
“En la misma vena, los investigadores de la Motivación minimizan la adquisición y el mantenimiento de la conducta que procura la comida, considerándola como aquella que “naturalmente” produce al reforzador (lo que Craig, 1918 denominó como conducta “consumatoria”).”
BackgroundTrulson, M. E., & Randall, W. L. (1976) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077277 · Cited by 2
Polan, H. J. (2005) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20092 · Cited by 2
To suffer, or not to suffer? That is the question
Rowan, A. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077396 · Cited by 2
Contributions of Philip Teitelbaum to affective neuroscience
Berridge, K. C. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.030 · Cited by 2
“Teitelbaum’s operant criterion drew conceptually on an earlier descriptive classification of motivated behavior as appetitive, by the early American ethologist, Wallace Craig (building on even earlier formulations by Charles Sherrington and others) [14,59].”
BackgroundBachelor Thesis within Business Administration
Muhrbeck, A., Waller, R. D., Berglund, M., et al. (2011) · Cited by 2
García, A. (2003) · Cadernos de Linguística e Teoria da Literatura (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) · Cited by 2
INTERACTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN PIGEONS: VISUAL DISPLAY INTERACTIONS AS A MODEL FOR VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Lela, E., & Ware, R. E. (2011) · Cited by 2
Expression of the Emotions in Pigeons
Ashraful, M. K. (2019) · Journal of Ethology & Animal Science · doi:10.23880/jeasc-16000104 · Cited by 2
Zoology and Behavioural Sciences
Thorpe, W. H. (1967) · Nature · doi:10.1038/216017a0 · Cited by 2
Neuroethology according to Hoyle
Fernald, R. D. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018744 · Cited by 2
Neuroethology: Why put it in a straitjacket?
Davis, J. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018690 · Cited by 2
Animal sociobiology and comparative psychology: A review
Archer, J. E. (1986) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02686596 · Cited by 2
Disregarding vertebrates is neither useful nor necessary
Ehret, G. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018719 · Cited by 2
Hoyle's new view of neuroethology: Limited and restrictive
Ewert, J. ‐. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018732 · Cited by 2
Flow diagrams and hydraulic models
Bateson, P. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018665 · Cited by 2
From one subjectivity to another
Shettleworth, S. J., & Mrosovsky, N. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077438 · Cited by 2
Neuroethology or motorethology?
Erber, J. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018720 · Cited by 2
Delcomyn, F. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018707 · Cited by 2
Burghardt, G. M., & Cooper, M. A. (2012) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2012.10773684 · Cited by 2
“While the attempt to identify the neural substrates of this system is most useful, it should be noted that the basic ideas underlying this system were laid out in a remarkable classic paper by Wallace Craig (1918).”
BackgroundCan the aims of neuroethology be selective, while avoiding exclusivity?
Guthrie, D. M. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018768 · Cited by 2
The philosophical foundations of animal welfare
Dupré, J. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077219 · Cited by 2
THE PSYCHOPHYSICS OF SALT TASTE TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS
Geran, L. C. (2003) · Cited by 2
Über das Ökologische Wirkungsgefüge der art und Die Begriffe Nische und Ökon
Mauersberger, G. (1978) · Zoosystematics and Evolution · doi:10.1002/mmnz.4830540304 · Cited by 2
Development of Domestic Fowl Locomotion over Inclined Surfaces and Use of Anticipation Strategies
LeBlanc, C. (2016) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · Cited by 2
Drive-controlled reflexes: a theory.
Zernicki, B. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 2
A Comparison of Instinct and Motivation with Emphasis on Their Differences
Epstein, A. N. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-688980-2.50011-4 · Cited by 2
Ehlers, C. L., Li, L., Peng, Q., et al. (2024) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.03.006 · Cited by 1
Prescott, T. J., & Jiménez-Rodríguez, A. (2025) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2025.03.005 · Cited by 1
The Role of Context and Motivation in Cognition of the Surrounding External World
Balaban, P. M., & Grigoryan, G. A. (2026) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-026-02046-4 · Cited by 1
Oleson, E. B., & Cheer, J. F. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2294-9_8 · Cited by 1
“Again, these two responses are behaviorally distinct, as the amount of effort required to seek out the commodity fails to influence the more reflexive act of food consumption [1, 5], while feeding ultimately reduces motivation for the specific food that was ingested [6, 7].”
BackgroundSerotonin modulates the dehydration-induced changes in tolerance for bitter water
Iwai, M., Muroi, Y., Kinoshita, K.-I., et al. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.034 · Cited by 1
“The appetitive and consummatory responses are two components of motivated behavior, which encompasses drinking behavior [3], such as quinine intake following dehydration in rats.”
Neurobehavioral Analysis of Taste Function
Spector, A. C., & Smith, J. C. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48643-1_4 · Cited by 1
Emotion as related to instinct.
English, H. B. (1924) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0069078 · Cited by 1
Townsend, A. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077463 · Cited by 1
Timberlake, W. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0007744x · Cited by 1
A Context for Science with a Commitment to Behavior Change
Lootens, C. M., Mitchell, J. T., Robertson, C. D., Hundt, N. E., Kimbrel, N. A., & Ishuin, T. (2007) · Cited by 1
Schulkin, J. A. (2021) · European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy · doi:10.4000/ejpap.2299 · Cited by 1
Towards a functional classification of behaviour: a taxonomy based on outcomes
Mallpress, D. E. W. (2021) · Adaptive Behavior · doi:10.1177/10597123211040574 · Cited by 1
Process Algebras and Flocks of Birds
Nicola, R. D., Stefano, L. D., Inverso, O., et al. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15629-8_27 · Cited by 1
An Instinct for Spiritual Quests: Quiet Religion
Schulkin, J. A. (2007) · The Journal of Speculative Philosophy · doi:10.2307/25670673 · Cited by 1
Keep the scope of neuroethology broad
Simmons, J. A. T. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018884 · Cited by 1
Neuroethology: Not losing sight of behaviour
Manning, A. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018835 · Cited by 1
We are making good progress in the neural analysis of behaviour
Macmillan, D. L. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018823 · Cited by 1
Karlsson, O., Colombo, G., & Roman, E. (2015) · Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3109/03009734.2015.1010666 · Cited by 1
“Copulatory behavior, like drug-taking behavior, is comprised of appetitive and consummatory acts (35).”
BackgroundResurrecting Lorenz's hydraulic model: Phlogiston explained by quantum mechanics
Rowell, C. H. F. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018859 · Cited by 1
Cromwell, H. C., & Ricker, J. M. (2018) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809600-0.00026-3 · Cited by 1
Characterizing the Neural Substrate of Reward with the Use of Specific Brain Lesions
Cromwell, H. C. (2020) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1146-3_3 · Cited by 1
Toepfer, G. (2011) · J.B. Metzler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-476-00439-0_8 · Cited by 1
Neuroeconomic Perspectives on the Potent but Inconsistent Motivations Characteristic of Addiction
Melrose, A. J., Hsu, E., & Monterosso, J. R. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118472415.ch19 · Cited by 1
Neuroethology: To be, or not to be?
Hoyle, G. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018926 · Cited by 1
Dinsmoor, J. A. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00014163 · Cited by 1
Consumer demand: Can we deal with differing priorities?
Monaghan, P. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077347 · Cited by 1
Alper, G. (1991) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/bf00945895 · Cited by 1
Ethological motivational theory as a basis for assessing animal suffering
Archer, J. E. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077128 · Cited by 1
Avoidance theory: Old wine, older bottles, a few new labels
Hineline, P. N. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00014175 · Cited by 1
Vertebrate neuroethology: Doomed from the start?
Ingle, D. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018793 · Cited by 1
Neuroethology: A call for less exclusivity and more theory
Arbib, M. A. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018641 · Cited by 1
The Relation Between the Eating System and the Grooming System in Rats, Rattus Norvegicus Albinus
Nijssen, A. (1982) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853982x00526 · Cited by 1
Toates, F. M. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00014217 · Cited by 1
“Craig (1918) calls this the appeted stimulus since animals often appear to search for it.”
Neuroethology, according to Hoyle
Huber, F. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018781 · Cited by 1
The squishy revisited: A call for ethological affirmative action
Leonard, J. L., & Lukowiak, K. D. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018811 · Cited by 1
The proper domain of neuroethology
Steklis, H. D. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018896 · Cited by 1
Kemp, G. (1987) · Medicine and War · doi:10.1080/07488008708408759 · Cited by 1
Gregariousness vs. Social Intolerance: Towards New Dynamism in Swarm Optimizers
EL-Gallad, A. I., & El-Hawary, M. E. (2006) · Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering · doi:10.1109/lescpe.2006.280384 · Cited by 1
“The state of agitation that kept Craig's birds [3] busy for hours to adjust both their appetite of getting close to a friendly mate and their aversion to crowding, is also given as an example.”
BackgroundDefense motivational system: Issues of emotion, reinforcement, and neural structure
Adams, D. B. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00014126 · Cited by 1
Singer's intermediate conclusion
Jackson, F. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0007727x · Cited by 1
Having the imagination to suffer, and to prevent suffering
Byrne, R. W. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077165 · Cited by 1
Animals, science, and morality
Frey, R. G. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077244 · Cited by 1
Concepts of suffering in veterinary science
Fraser, A. F. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077232 · Cited by 1
Adaptation and Evolution of Behavior
Petrovich, S. B. (1978) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-409-95009-0.50014-0 · Cited by 1
Schleidt, W. M. (1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-161903-9.50013-x · Cited by 1
Neural Mechanisms of Reward Processing in Antisocial Behavior
Murray, L. (2019) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 1
Bowers, R. I. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1232-2 · Cited by 1
Bowers, R. I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1232 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- CRAIG, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Maine (US)
- Corresponding author
- CRAIG, WALLACE
- Venue
- The Biological Bulletin
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1918-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 91-107
- ISSN
- 0006-3185 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-8697
- OpenAlex
- W2526681586
- Cited by
- 702
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- appetite, aversion, instinct, innate behavior, animal behavior
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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