Cited by 478Visual Culture and Art TheoryAesthetic Perception and AnalysisVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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The Ecological Approach to the Visual Perception of Pictures

Gibson, James J.·1978·Leonardo

DOI 10.2307/1574154

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Abstract

Having rejected the picture theory of natural perception we can make a start on picture perception. To see the environment is to extract information from the ambient array of light. What is it, then, to see a picture of something? The information in ambient light does not consist of forms and colors but of invariants. Is it implied that the information in a picture does not consist of forms and colors but of invariants? That sounds very odd, for we suppose that a picture is entirely composed of forms and colors. The kind of vision we get from pictures is harder to understand than the kind we get from ambient light, not easier. It should be considered at the end of a treatise on perception, not at the beginning. It cannot be omitted, for pictures are an essential part of human life as much as

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Background
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Background
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Background
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“For Gibson [9], it means the behavioral relationship expressed by actors and the environment, reflecting the dichotomy of subjective and objective, that is, pointing to both the environment and the observer (p. 129) and it emphasizes the attributes of the objective observation, rather than…”
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Keary, A., Garvis, S., & Walsh, L. (2022) · International Journal of Early Years Education · doi:10.1080/09669760.2022.2107896 · Cited by 1
Application of Variational Optical Flow Forecasting Technique Based on Precipitation Spectral Decomposition to Three Case Studies of Heavy Precipitation Events during Rainy Season in Hebei Province
Tian, J., Qiu, Q., Xiaoqi, Z., Mu, W., Cui, X., Hu, C., Kang, Y., & Tu, Y. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15122204 · Cited by 1
Association between Contextual Factors and Affordances in the Home Environment of Infants Exposed to Poverty
da Silva, C. F. R., Greco, A. L. R., Santos, D. C. C., Sgandurra, G., & Tudella, E. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10121932 · Cited by 1
On-Premise Signage and Placemaking: Aiding Lively Streetscapes to Maintain Signage Visibility
Dalton, R., Abbasi, S., & Han, S. (2023) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding · doi:10.15763/issn.2470-9670.2023.v7.i1.a136 · Cited by 1
“Gibson introduced the concept of “affordances” to define the actionable features between a person and their surroundings (Gibson, 1978; Gibson & Shaw, 1977).”
Background
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Affordances for Motor Behavior of Schoolchildren in South India
Deshpande, V., Kalgutkar, P., Silva, A. F., & Flôres, F. S. (2024) · Journal of Motor Learning and Development · doi:10.1123/jmld.2023-0066 · Cited by 1
SonicVista: Towards Creating Awareness of Distant Scenes through Sonification
Gupta, C., Sridhar, S., Matthies, D. J. C., Jouffrais, C., & Nanayakkara, S. C. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3659609 · Cited by 1
“To create a mental representation of a space, peripheral information plays an important role in updating the relative positions of surrounding landmarks when one is moving [27].”
Pictures Are Visually Processed; Symbols Are also Recognized
Coppin, P. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31223-6_43 · Cited by 1
Building on disagreement visually : the system and the method
Alexander, E., Eppler, M. J., & Comi, A. (2018) · Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) · Cited by 1
Modele jaźni w samowiedzy
Pacholik-Żuromska, A. (2019) · Filozofia Nauki · doi:10.14394/filnau.2019.0017 · Cited by 1
Percepción de dos comunidades sobre la contaminación del arroyo el Riíto, Chiapas, México
Solorzano, S. H., Ávila, M. E. G., López, J. I. V., & Olmos-Martínez, E. (2020) · Población y Salud en Mesoamérica · doi:10.15517/psm.v18i1.42561 · Cited by 1
“4 Hernández Solorzano, González Ávila, Vera López y Olmos-Martínez En esta misma línea de análisis de la percepción, autores como Gibson (1978) y Fernández (2008) lo abordan desde la disciplina psicológica centrándose en la respuesta del individuo a su medio ambiente, a través de los estímulos…”
Background
Scintillating Starbursts: Concentric Star Polygons Induce Illusory Ray Patterns
Karlovich, M. W., & Wallisch, P. (2021) · i-Perception · doi:10.1177/20416695211018720 · Cited by 1
“…it is hard to tell whether the observer directly perceives objects in the environment as they are or if the percept is constructed in the mind of the observer, because the output of a photometer and perceptual judgments agree (Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1981; Gibson, 1978).”
Background
Significations et éléments centraux versus périphériques des représentations visuelles
Moliner, P., & Бовина, И. Б. (2022) · Semiotica · doi:10.1515/sem-2020-0038 · Cited by 1
Removing the Screen
Lyons, N., & Smith, M. (2022) · Advances in systems analysis, software engineering, and high performance computing book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9121-5.ch005 · Cited by 1
Examining the Influence of Trimodal Multisensory Stimuli on Presence, Perceived Realism, and Quality of Experience in Video Visualization
Gonçalves, G., Melo, M., Peixoto, B., Barbosa, L., & Bessa, M. (2023) · International Conference on Graphics and Interaction (ICGI) · doi:10.1109/icgi60907.2023.10452723 · Cited by 1
“Diverse authors raised several definitions through the literature, such as “the feeling of being in an environment” by Gibson et al. [2], “the subjective experience of being in one place or environment, even when one is physically situated in another” by Witmer and Singer [3], or “a state of…”
Background
Plea for more exploration of cross-cultural cognitive space
Piggins, D. (1989) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00024468

Authors: Gibson, J. J.
Corresponding author: Gibson, James J.
Venue: Leonardo
Publisher: JSTOR
Published: 1978
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: 227
ISSN: 0024-094X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/1574154
OpenAlex: W2324134362
Cited by: 456
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 137.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Leonardo (publishedVersion)
Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Visual Culture and Art Theory
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: image perception, visual perception, ecological approach, invariants, visual information

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The Ecological Approach to the Visual Perception of Pictures

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