The DOI matches its Crossref record.
“Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms.”
Abstract
I. Are there uncertainties that are not risks? 643. — II. Uncertainties that are not risks, 647. — III. Why are some uncertainties not risks? — 656.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While it is inappropriate to translate uncertainty about quantities into single-point estimates, it is the proper way to treat uncertainty about probabilities.”
From The Value of Precision in Probability Assessment: Evidence from a Large-Scale Geopolitical Forecasting Tournament (2018) · cites this paper as Ellsberg (1961)
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,005 of 1,005
Insolvent: How to Reorient Computing for Just Sustainability
Becker, C. (2023) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14668.001.0001 · Cited by 56
Integration of social and utilitarian factors in decision making.
Averbeck, B. B., & Duchaine, B. (2009) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0016509 · Cited by 52
Causal Responsibility and Robust Causation
Grinfeld, G., Lagnado, D., Gerstenberg, T., Woodward, J. F., & Usher, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01069 · Cited by 41
Linnerud, K., Toney, P., Simonsen, M., & Holden, E. (2019) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.04.039 · Cited by 27
Advertising, Ecolabeling and Consumers’ Beliefs: Greenwashing or Not?
Bottega, L., Brécard, D., & Delacote, P. (2024) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111513 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Ellsberg, D.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ellsberg, Daniel
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1961-11
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 643
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027047704
- Cited by
- 7,891
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 251 · 2025: 359 · 2024: 309 · 2023: 319 · 2022: 330 · 2021: 380 · 2020: 340 · 2019: 351 · 2018: 367 · 2017: 311 · 2016: 345 · 2015: 384 · 2014: 346 · 2013: 321 · 2012: 348
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Keywords
- risk, ambiguity, Savage axioms, expected utility theory, decision making under uncertainty, ambiguity aversion, subjective probability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
