Integration of social and utilitarian factors in decision making.
Abstract
Decision making is influenced by social cues, but there is little understanding of how social information interacts with other cues that determine decisions. To address this quantitatively, participants were asked to learn which of two faces was associated with a higher probability of reward. They were repeatedly presented with two faces, each with a different, unknown probability of reward, and participants attempted to maximize gains by selecting the face that was most often rewarded. Both faces had the same identity, but one face had a happy expression and the other had either an angry or a sad expression. Ideal observer models predict that the facial expressions should not affect the decision-making process. Our results however showed that participants had a prior disposition to select the happy face when it was paired with the angry but not the sad face and overweighted the positive outcomes associated with happy faces and underweighted positive outcomes associated with either angry or sad faces. Nevertheless, participants also integrated the feedback information. As such, their decisions were a composite of social and utilitarian factors.
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Participants have a preference for the happy face relative to angry or sad faces, selecting it more often than they should given the financial feedback.
“We have previously shown that participants have a preference for the happy face relative to angry or sad faces, such that they select it more often than they should, given the financial feedback (Averbeck and Duchaine, 2009)”
From Oxytocin decreases aversion to angry faces in an associative learning task (2010) · cites this paper as Averbeck and Duchaine, 2009
An ideal observer is able to identify the most highly rewarded face correctly in 85% of blocks of 26 trials with the probability values used.
“We chose 26 trials because an ideal observer is able to identify the most highly rewarded face correctly in 85% of blocks of this length with the probability values we used (Averbeck and Duchaine, 2009).”
From Oxytocin decreases aversion to angry faces in an associative learning task (2010) · cites this paper as Averbeck and Duchaine, 2009
When participants given placebo were required to learn which of two faces in a block of trials was being rewarded most often, they preferred the happy face relative to the angry or sad faces.
“When participants given placebo were required to learn which of two faces in a block of trials was being rewarded most often, they preferred the happy face relative to the angry or sad faces, replicating our previous results (Averbeck and Duchaine, 2009).”
From Oxytocin decreases aversion to angry faces in an associative learning task (2010) · cites this paper as Averbeck and Duchaine, 2009
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- Authors
- Averbeck, B. B., & Duchaine, B.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 599-608
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2134913292
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (RES-061-23-0051)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- facial expressions, emotional valence, ideal observer, feedback integration, utilitarian decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Anger, Choice Behavior, Communication, Cues, Decision Making, Emotions, Facial Expression, Happiness, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Probability Learning, Reaction Time, Reward, Social Perception, Stochastic Processes, Likelihood Functions, Feedback, Psychological
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