The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams
Abstract
In this paper, I provide an ethnographic account of how an organization’s control system evolved in response to a managerial change from hierarchical, bureaucratic control to concertive control in the form of self-managing teams. The study investigates how the organization’s members developed a system of value-based normative rules that controlled their actions more powerfully and completely than the former system. I describe the organization and its members and provide a detailed account of the dynamics that emerged as concertive control became manifest through the members’ interactions. This account depicts how concertive control evolved from the value consensus of the company’s team workers to a system of normative rules that became increasingly rationalized. Contrary to some proponents of such systems, concertive control did not free these workers from Weber’s iron cage of rational control. Instead, the concertive system, as it became manifest in this case, appeared to draw the iron cage tighter and to constrain the organization’s members more powerfully.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
(1984) · Cited by 21,166
The Social Psychology of Organizations.
Hackman, J. R., Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2989929 · Cited by 12,235
Developmental sequence in small groups.
Tuckman, B. W. (1965) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0022100 · Cited by 5,778
Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization.
Brown, M. C., & Simon, H. A. (1978) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2065048 · Cited by 4,801
In search of excellence: Lessons from America's best- run companies
(1983) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/0024-6301(83)90015-8 · Cited by 4,437
Complex Organizations: A Critical Essay
Fligstein, N., & Perrow, C. B. (1990) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1318250 · Cited by 2,226
Work teams: Applications and effectiveness.
Sundstrom, E. D., Meuse, K. P. D., & Futrell, D. (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.45.2.120 · Cited by 1,593
Accounting and the construction of the governable person
Miller, P., & O'Leary, T. (1987) · Accounting, Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/0361-3682(87)90039-0 · Cited by 1,505
Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies
Prus, R., & Jorgensen, D. L. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie · doi:10.2307/3340930 · Cited by 1,252
Peters, T. (1988) · Cited by 1,153
Cited by
Items 201–300 of 2,303
Comparing Organizational Routines as Recurrent Patterns of Action
Pentland, B. T., Hærem, T., & Hillison, D. (2010) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840610373200 · Cited by 202
Scott, C. R. (2007) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510970701341063 · Cited by 201
Governing through Teamwork: Reconstituting Subjectivity in a Call Centre*
Knights, D., & McCabe, D. (2003) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00393 · Cited by 201
Bandwidth and Echo: Trust, Information, and Gossip in Social Networks
Casella, A., Rauch, J. E., & Burt, R. S. (2001) · Cited by 199
Publishing in AMJ —Part 3: Setting the Hook
Grant, A. M., & Pollock, T. G. (2011) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.4000 · Cited by 199
Trust, Individualism and job characteristics as predictors of employee preference for teamwork
Kiffin-Petersen, S., & Cordery, J. (2003) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585190210158538 · Cited by 198
Contesting the corporation struggle, power and resistance in organizations
Fleming, P. J., & Spicer, A. (2007) · Cited by 198
It’s about time: New perspectives and insights on time management
Aeon, B., & Aguinis, H. (2017) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2016.0166 · Cited by 197
Dignity in the Workplace Under Participative Management: Alienation and Freedom Revisited
Hodson, R. (1996) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096450 · Cited by 196
Locke, K. (2011) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2011.593319 · Cited by 196
Labor control in the gig economy: Evidence from Uber in China
Qing-jun, W., Zhang, H., Li, Z., & Liu, K. (2019) · Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1177/0022185619854472 · Cited by 195
“Let Me Tell You About My Job”: Exploring the Terrain of Emotion in the Workplace
MILLER, K. I., Considine, J. R., & Garner, J. T. (2007) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318906293589 · Cited by 194
The mud, the blood, and the beer guys: Organizational osmosis in blue‐collar work groups
Gibson, M. K., & Papa, M. J. (2000) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909880009365554 · Cited by 194
Fairness Monitoring: Linking Managerial Controls and Fairness Judgments in Organizations
Long, C. P., Bendersky, C., & Morrill, C. (2011) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0008 · Cited by 193
Hoogh, A. H. B. D., Greer, L. L., & Hartog, D. N. D. (2015) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.01.001 · Cited by 192
Brand Society: How Brands Transform Management and Lifestyle
Kornberger, M. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802881 · Cited by 190
Wallace, J. C., Johnson, P. D., Mathe, K., & Paul, J. B. (2011) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022227 · Cited by 189
An Integrative HRM Process Theorization: Beyond Signalling Effects and Mutual Gains
Ehrnrooth, M., & Björkman, I. (2012) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01055.x · Cited by 189
Brand society: how brands transform management and lifestyle
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-1571 · Cited by 189
Lean Production, Worker Empowerment, and Job Satisfaction: A Qualitative Analysis and Critique
Vidal, M. (2007) · Critical Sociology · doi:10.1163/156916307x168656 · Cited by 187
Group Behavior and Performance
Hackman, J. R., & Katz, N. R. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002032 · Cited by 187
Mandatory Fun: Consent, Gamification and the Impact of Games at WorkPreprint
Mollick, E., & Rothbard, N. P. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2277103 · Cited by 187
Locating Distributed Leadership
Thorpe, R., Gold, J., & Lawler, J. (2011) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00303.x · Cited by 185
Cameron, L. D. (2024) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00018392241236163 · Cited by 185
The Two Faces of Control: Network Closure and Individual Performance among Knowledge Workers
Gargiulo, M., Ertug, G., & Galunic, C. D. (2009) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.2009.54.2.299 · Cited by 184
Strang, J. F., Powers, M. D., Knauss, M., Sibarium, E., Leibowitz, S. F., Kenworthy, L. E., Sadikova, E., Wyss, S. E., Willing, L. M., Caplan, R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3723-6 · Cited by 184
Identification in the Self-Managing Organization Characteristics of Target and Tenure
Barker, J. R., & Tompkins, P. K. (1994) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00346.x · Cited by 184
Self-citationWriting Organizational Analysis into Foucault
Knights, D. (2002) · Organization · doi:10.1177/135050840294004 · Cited by 183
The Social Nature of Agile Teams
Whitworth, E., & Biddle, R. (2007) · Agile Conference · doi:10.1109/agile.2007.60 · Cited by 181
Social Entrepreneurship and the Development Paradox of Prosocial Motivation: A Cautionary Tale
McMullen, J. S., & Bergman, B. J. (2017) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1263 · Cited by 181
Expectations of organizational mobility, workplace social inclusion, and employee job performance
Pearce, J. L., & Randel, A. E. (2003) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.232 · Cited by 181
Visualizing the landscape and evolution of leadership research
Zhu, J., Song, L. J., Zhu, L., & Johnson, R. E. (2018) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.06.003 · Cited by 180
Emotion labor at 911: A case study and theoretical critique
Tracy, S. J., & Tracy, K. (1998) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909889809365516 · Cited by 180
Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., & Misati, E. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.11.013 · Cited by 179
Corporate blogging strategies of the Fortune 500 companies
Lee, S., Hwang, T., & Lee, H. (2006) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/00251740610656232 · Cited by 179
Re-Constituting Work: Trends Towards Knowledge Work and Info-Normative Control
Frenkel, S., Korczynski, M., Donoghue, L., & Shire, K. A. (1995) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/095001709594008 · Cited by 179
Employees’ reaction to the change to work teams: The influence of “anticipatory” injustice
Shapiro, D. L., & Kirkman, B. L. (1999) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/09534819910255315 · Cited by 179
4. Passion with an umbrella: Grassroots activists in the workplace
Scully, M. A., & Segal, A. (2004) · Research in the sociology of organizations · doi:10.1016/s0733-558x(02)19004-5 · Cited by 179
Collective Action and Knowledge Contribution in Electronic Networks of Practice
Wasko, M. M., Faraj, S. A., & Teigland, R. (2004) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00058 · Cited by 178
Training People to Work in Groups
Moreland, R. L., Argote, L., & Krishnan, R. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47144-2_3 · Cited by 178
Tourish, D., & Vatcha, N. (2005) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715005057671 · Cited by 178
Transformational leadership or the iron cage: which predicts trust, commitment and team efficacy?
Arnold, K. A., Barling, J. I., & Kelloway, E. K. (2001) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/eum0000000006162 · Cited by 177
Teamworking and organizational performance: A review of survey‐based research
Delarue, A., Hootegem, G. V., Procter, S., & Burridge, M. (2007) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00227.x · Cited by 176
Who Benefits from Teams? Comparing Workers, Supervisors, and Managers
Batt, R. (2003) · Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society · doi:10.1111/j.0019-8676.2004.00323.x · Cited by 176
Work at Leisure and Leisure at Work: A Study of the Emotional Labour of Tour Reps
Guerrier, Y., & Adib, A. (2003) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267035611006 · Cited by 176
Avison, W. R., McLeod, J. D., & Pescosolido, B. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-36320-2 · Cited by 175
Manz, C. C., & Stewart, G. L. (1997) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.8.1.59 · Cited by 175
Stray, V. G., & Moe, N. B. (2020) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2020.110717 · Cited by 173
Conflict management between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in China
Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z., & Tjosvold, D. (2008) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.540 · Cited by 172
Fleming, P. J. (2005) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318905276559 · Cited by 171
Entrepreneurial Behavior: Its Nature, Scope, Recent Research, and Agenda for Future Research
Bird, B., & Schjoedt, L. (2009) · International studies in entrepreneurship · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0443-0_15 · Cited by 171
Peeters, R., & Widlak, A. C. (2018) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.02.003 · Cited by 171
Organizations as Discursive Constructions: A Foucauldian Approach
Leclercq‐Vandelannoitte, A. (2011) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840611411395 · Cited by 170
Do high performance work systems generate negative effects? How and when?
Han, J., Sun, J., & Wang, H.-L. (2019) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100699 · Cited by 170
Ethics Programs and the Paradox of Control
Stansbury, J. M., & Barry, B. (2007) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq200717229 · Cited by 169
Conscience as control – managing employees through CSR
Costas, J., & Kärreman, D. (2013) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508413478584 · Cited by 168
Direct participation and the quality of work
Gallie, D. (2013) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726712473035 · Cited by 168
Network Disadvantaged Entrepreneurs: Density, Hierarchy, and Success in China and the West
Burt, R. S. (2018) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258718783514 · Cited by 168
Accounting as an affective technology: A study of circulation, agency and entrancement
Boedker, C., & Chua, W. F. (2013) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2013.05.001 · Cited by 167
Martela, F. (2019) · Journal of Organization Design · doi:10.1186/s41469-019-0062-9 · Cited by 164
Extrinsic Rewards, Intrinsic Motivation, and New Product Development Performance
Malek, S. L., Sarin, S., & Haon, C. (2020) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12554 · Cited by 164
Reed, M. I. (2002) · Higher education dynamics · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9946-7_9 · Cited by 164
Gibson, C. B., Huang, L., Kirkman, B. L., & Shapiro, D. L. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091240 · Cited by 163
Grant, A. M., & Patil, S. V. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0437 · Cited by 163
A Future for Organization Theory: Living in and Living with Changing Organizations
Walsh, J. P., Meyer, A. D., & Schoonhoven, C. B. (2006) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1060.0215 · Cited by 163
Parent contribution and organizational control in international joint ventures
Chen, D., Park, S. H., & Newburry, W. E. (2009) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.784 · Cited by 162
Coworkers Behaving Badly: The Impact of Coworker Deviant Behavior upon Individual Employees
Robinson, S. L., Wang, W., & Kiewitz, C. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091225 · Cited by 161
Anderson, G. L., & Grinberg, J. (1998) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x98034003004 · Cited by 161
Work Alienation and Problem Alcohol Behavior
Greenberg, E. S., & Grunberg, L. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137289 · Cited by 160
On the need for critical pedagogy in tourism education
Belhassen, Y., & Caton, K. (2011) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.014 · Cited by 159
Managerial Frames and Institutional Discourses of Change: Employee Appropriation and Resistance
Chreim, S. (2006) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840606064106 · Cited by 157
Gephart, R. P., Alvesson, M., & Willmott, H. (1993) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1993.9402210162 · Cited by 157
The Matrix of Control: Combining Process and Structure Approaches to Managing Software Development
Nidumolu, S. R., & Subramani, M. (2003) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2003.11045774 · Cited by 155
Performance Implications of Peer Monitoring
Loughry, M. L., & Tosi, H. L. (2008) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1080.0356 · Cited by 155
Hidden Transcripts of Flight Attendant Resistance
Murphy, A. G. (1998) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318998114001 · Cited by 155
DETERMINANTS OF INCENTIVE INTENSITY IN GROUP-BASED REWARDS.
Zenger, T. R., & Marshall, C. R. (2000) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/1556373 · Cited by 154
`Ethics' as a discursive resource for identity work
Kornberger, M., & Brown, A. D. (2007) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726707076692 · Cited by 153
Group Relations at Work: Solidarity, Conflict, and Relations With Management
Hodson, R. (1997) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888497024004003 · Cited by 152
Identity Incentives as an Engaging Form of Control: Revisiting Leniencies in an Aeronautic Plant
Anteby, M. (2008) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0343 · Cited by 151
Individual emotion in work organizations
Rafaeli, A., & Worline, M. C. (2001) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/053901801040001006 · Cited by 151
Knight, C., & Haslam, S. A. (2010) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2009.00683.x · Cited by 151
Knight, C., & Haslam, S. A. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/a0019292 · Cited by 148
Trends in Perceived Job Quality, 1989 to 1998
Handel, M. (2004) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888404271901 · Cited by 148
Blind forces: Ethical infrastructures and moral disengagement in organizations
Martín, S., Kish-Gephart, J. J., & Detert, J. R. (2014) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/2041386613518576 · Cited by 147
Wallace, J. E. (1995) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/73.3.811 · Cited by 147
Transnational teams in the electronic age: are team identity and high performance at risk?
Shapiro, D. L., Furst‐Holloway, S., Spreitzer, G. M., & Glinow, M. A. V. (2002) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.149 · Cited by 146
The role of leaders in shaping formal team norms
Taggar, S., & Ellis, R. J. (2007) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.01.002 · Cited by 146
Kalleberg, A. L., Nesheim, T., & Olsen, K. M. (2009) · Acta Sociologica · doi:10.1177/0001699309103999 · Cited by 145
Working with Appreciation in Managerial Practice
Barge, J. K., & Oliver, C. (2003) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2003.8925244 · Cited by 145
Demographic antecedents and performance consequences of structural holes in work teams
Balkundi, P., Kilduff, M. J., Barsness, Z. I., & Michael, J. H. (2006) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.428 · Cited by 145
The Appeal and Difficulties of Participative Systems
McCaffrey, D. P., Faerman, S. R., & Hart, D. W. (1995) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.6.6.603 · Cited by 145
Gagnon, S. M., & COLLINSON, D. L. (2014) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840613509917 · Cited by 144
Petriglieri, J. L. (2015) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839215579234 · Cited by 144
Workplace Innovations and Employee Outcomes: Evidence from Finland
Kalmi, P., & Kauhanen, A. (2008) · Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society · doi:10.1111/j.1468-232x.2008.00528.x · Cited by 143
Büchler, N., ter Hoeven, C. L., & van Zoonen, W. (2020) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2020.100302 · Cited by 143
Roscigno, V. J. (2011) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/sor034 · Cited by 142
When Solo Activity Is Not Privileged: Participation and Internalization Models of Development
Matusov, E. (1998) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000022595 · Cited by 142
(2007) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 141
Editors’ Introduction: The Effects of New Work Practices on Workers
Handel, M., & Levine, D. I. (2003) · Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society · doi:10.1111/j.0019-8676.2004.00317.x · Cited by 141
Ybema, S. B., & Horvers, M. (2017) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840617709305 · Cited by 141
Metadata
- Authors
- Barker, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Marquette University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barker, James R.
- ORCID
- Barker, James R.
- Venue
- Administrative Science Quarterly
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1993-09
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 408
- ISSN
- 0001-8392 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006770647
- Cited by
- 2,305
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 92 · 2012: 121
- FWCI
- 32.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Administrative Science Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management Theory and Practice
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Accounting and Organizational Management
- Keywords
- self-managing teams, iron cage, rational control, Weberian bureaucracy, organizational control systems, normative rules, value consensus, rationalization, organizational change, employee autonomy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.