Cited by 3,306Information Systems Theories and ImplementationBusiness Strategies and Management ResearchScientific Research and Philosophical Inquiry

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The Nature of Theory in Information Systems1

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Gregor, Shirley·2006·MIS Quarterly

DOI 10.2307/25148742

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Abstract

The aim of this research essay is to examine the structural nature of theory in Information Systems. Despite the importance of theory, questions relating to its form and structure are neglected in comparison with questions relating to epistemology. The essay addresses issues of causality, explanation, prediction, and generalization that underlie an understanding of theory. A taxonomy is proposed that classifies information systems theories with respect to the manner in which four central goals are addressed: analysis, explanation, prediction, and prescription. Five interrelated types of theory are distinguished: (1) theory for analyzing, (2) theory for explaining, (3) theory for predicting, (4) theory for explaining and predicting, and (5) theory for design and action. Examples illustrate the nature of each theory type. The applicability of the taxonomy is demonstrated by classifying a sample of journal articles. The paper contributes by showing that multiple views of theory exist and by exposing the assumptions underlying different viewpoints. In addition, it is suggested that the type of theory under development can influence the choice of an epistemological approach. Support is given for the legitimacy and value of each theory type. The building of integrated bodies of theory that encompass all theory types is advocated.

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Authors: Gregor, S.
Affiliations: Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author: Gregor, Shirley
ORCID: Gregor, Shirley
Venue: MIS Quarterly
Publisher: MIS Quarterly
Published: 2006-09-01
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Pages: 611-642
ISSN: 0276-7783 (ISSN-L)
2162-9730
DOI: 10.2307/25148742
OpenAlex: W2151020819
Cited by: 3,306
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 158 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 189 · 2018: 178 · 2017: 163 · 2016: 153 · 2015: 229 · 2014: 207 · 2013: 209 · 2012: 195
FWCI: 288.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Locations: MIS Quarterly (publishedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Journal of the Association for Information Systems (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Scientific Research and Philosophical Inquiry
Keywords: information systems theory, nature of theory, causality, explanation, prediction, generalization, epistemology

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