The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC ORIGINS OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL LOAFING IN ORGANIZATIONS.
Abstract
It was hypothesized and found that task visibility and intrinsic task involvement would each be negatively associated with “social loafing” in an ongoing organization. Individuals engaged in social...
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In the citing paper
“Subsequent research by Latané (1986) and others demonstrated that when outcomes are identifiable, tasks are visible (George, 1992), and participants are held accountable for their outcomes, the loafing effect is eliminated.”
From The Moderating Influence of In-Group Collectivism on Social Loafing: An Experimental Study on a Manufacturing Factory (2026) · cites this paper as George, 1992
In the citing paper
“Field research helps determine whether study results can be generalized to intact workgroups in an organizational setting (George, 1992).”
From The Moderating Influence of In-Group Collectivism on Social Loafing: An Experimental Study on a Manufacturing Factory (2026) · cites this paper as George, 1992
In the citing paper
“A substantial body of research (e.g., George, 1992; Harkins and Szymanski, 1989) identifies individual responsibility, task identifiability, and accountability as key mechanisms for mitigating social loafing.”
From The Moderating Influence of In-Group Collectivism on Social Loafing: An Experimental Study on a Manufacturing Factory (2026) · cites this paper as George, 1992
Citations
Cites
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.
Tufte, E. R., Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1979) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2286442 · Cited by 5,214
Many Hands Make Light the Work: The Causes and Consequences of Social Loafing
Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.822 · Cited by 2,216
Work, employment, and unemployment: Values, theories, and approaches in social research.
Jahoda, M. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.184 · Cited by 1,111
State or trait: Effects of positive mood on prosocial behaviors at work.
George, J. M. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.299 · Cited by 951
Self-citationEarley, P. C. (1989) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393567 · Cited by 900
Pay and Organizational Effectiveness: A Psychological View.
Lazarus, H., & Lawler, E. E. (1972) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2521335 · Cited by 833
Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: Free-rider effects.
Kerr, N. L., & Bruun, S. E. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.78 · Cited by 770
Identifiability as a deterrant to social loafing: Two cheering experiments.
Williams, K. D., Harkins, S. G., & Latané, B. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.40.2.303 · Cited by 539
Effects of task difficulty and task uniqueness on social loafing.
Harkins, S. G., & Petty, R. E. (1982) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.6.1214 · Cited by 465
Rational Behavior in Groups: The Free-Riding Tendency
Albanese, R., & Fleet, D. D. V. (1985) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1985.4278118 · Cited by 374
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Review of Scale Development Practices in the Study of Organizations
Hinkin, T. R. (1995) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639502100509 · Cited by 3,193
“There are many examples of concise and succinct descriptions of how items were derived (e.g., Giles & Mossholder, 1990; Yukl & Falbe, 1990).”
BackgroundSTUDIES OF INDIVIDUALISM-COLLECTIVISM: EFFECTS ON COOPERATION IN GROUPS.
Wagner, J. A. (1995) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256731 · Cited by 1,206
Jong, B. A. D., & Elfring, T. (2010) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2010.51468649 · Cited by 616
Pay for Performance in the Public Sector--Benefits and (Hidden) Costs
Weibel, A. A., Rost, K., & Osterloh, M. (2009) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/mup009 · Cited by 569
EMPLOYEE PROPENSITY TO WITHHOLD EFFORT: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL TO INTERSECT THREE AVENUES OF RESEARCH
Kidwell, R. E., & Bennett, N. (1993) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1993.9309035146 · Cited by 424
“Employee perceptions that a supervisor has a problem monitoring their tasks results in a propensity to provide less individual effort because workers perceive their efforts to be less visible (George, 1992).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- George, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- George, J. M.
- Venue
- Academy of Management Journal
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 1992-03-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 191-202
- ISSN
- 0001-4273 (ISSN-L)
- 1948-0989
- OpenAlex
- W2152533089
- Semantic Scholar
- 5942d065b6a336a8069f1751af1c98cede658898
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 6.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- social loafing, task visibility, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, group performance, organizational behavior
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