The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance
Abstract
Offered here is a conceptual model that comprehensively describes essential aspects of corporate social performance. The three aspects of the model address major questions of concern to academics and managers alike: (1) What is included in corporate social responsibility? (2) What are the social issues the organization must address? and (3) What is the organization's philosophy or mode of social responsiveness?
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Friedman, M. (2002) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226264189.001.0001 · Cited by 9,278
The Modern Corporation and Private Property
Kline, J. V., Berle, A. A., & Means, G. C. (1933) · Columbia Law Review · doi:10.2307/1115736 · Cited by 7,445
Hicks, J. R., & Friedman, M. (1963) · Economica · doi:10.2307/2601552 · Cited by 4,842
Ireland, R. D., Elfring, T., & Hmieleski, K. M. (2011) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849807630.00017 · Cited by 4,777
Social Responsibilities of the Businessman
Bowen, H. (2013) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3708003 · Cited by 2,921
Social Responsibilities of the Businessman
Bowen, H. R. (2013) · University of Iowa Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt20q1w8f · Cited by 2,245
The Modern Corporation and Private Property
Isaacs, N., Berle, A. A., & Means, G. C. (1933) · The Yale Law Journal · doi:10.2307/791311 · Cited by 2,000
(1993) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(93)92170-3 · Cited by 1,735
Can Business Afford to Ignore Social Responsibilities?
Davis, K. (1960) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41166246 · Cited by 1,481
McGuire, J. W. (1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,006
A Strategic Posture toward Corporate Social Responsibility
Bowman, E. H., & Haire, M. (1975) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41164638 · Cited by 597
Business and society: environment and responsibility
Davis, K., & Blomstrom, R. L. (1975) · Cited by 361
Corporate Social Responsiveness
Sturdivant, F. D., & Ginter, J. L. (1977) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41164709 · Cited by 338
Private Management and Public Policy
Preston, L. E., & Post, J. E. (1981) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41172602 · Cited by 329
McGuire, J. W., Davis, K., & Blomstrom, R. L. (1966) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391174 · Cited by 277
Davis, K., & Blomstrom, R. L. (1968) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.1968.4297423 · Cited by 215
Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility
Fitch, H. G. (1976) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/257357 · Cited by 207
The modern corporation and social responsibility
Manne, H. G., & Wallich, H. C. (1973) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 187
Executive perceptions of corporate social responsibility
Holmes, S. L. (1976) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/0007-6813(76)90049-5 · Cited by 177
Corporate Social Responsiveness
Swanson, D. L. (2018) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society · doi:10.4135/9781483381503.n266 · Cited by 156
Conceptual Foundations of Business.
Petit, T. A., Eells, R. S. F., & Walton, C. C. (1962) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.2307/2977718 · Cited by 152
Managing Corporate Social Responsibility
Carroll, A. B. (1977) · Cited by 145
Self-citationSocial responsibility and accountability
Backman, J. (1975) · New York University Press eBooks · Cited by 142
Steiner, G. A. (1972) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41164414 · Cited by 101
The Corporation in Modern Society
Ehrlich, T., & Mason, E. S. (1961) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1338385 · Cited by 80
Cheit, E. F. (1964) · Cited by 80
Landmarks in the Evolution of the Social Audit
Carroll, A. B., & Beiler, G. W. (1975) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255687 · Cited by 59
Self-citationIssues in business and society
Greenwood, W. T. (1977) · Houghton Mifflin eBooks · Cited by 17
Corporate Responsiveness and Organizational Learning
Post, J. E., & Mellis, M. (1978) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41165282 · Cited by 15
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Corporate Social Responsibility: a Theory of the Firm Perspective
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2001.4011987 · Cited by 7,567
Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches
Suchman, M. C. (1995) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258788 · Cited by 19,903
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259247 · Cited by 5,039
A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance
Clarkson, M. B. E. (1995) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1995.9503271994 · Cited by 8,412
Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840603024003910 · Cited by 7,641
Metadata
- Authors
- Carroll, A. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carroll, Archie B.
- ORCID
- Carroll, Archie B.
- Venue
- The Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 497
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2128614305
- Cited by
- 10,480
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 237 · 2025: 395 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 569 · 2022: 669 · 2021: 680 · 2020: 720 · 2019: 602 · 2018: 713 · 2017: 603 · 2016: 604 · 2015: 603 · 2014: 582 · 2013: 528 · 2012: 494
- FWCI
- 18.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Environmental Sustainability in Business
- Keywords
- corporate social performance, corporate social responsibility, social problems, social responsiveness, business philosophy, conceptual model, 3D model
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
