A Massacre at Hopi
Abstract
Thirty Hopi Indians of both sexes and all ages were killed, crudely dismembered, violently mutilated, and probably cannibalized about 370 years ago. This massacre occurred on the left bank of Polacca Wash ten miles south of the Hopi villages. The location of, dismemberment of bodies in, and radiocarbon age of this mass burial suggest the bodies were once the few live villagers, taken captive by other Hopi warriors, referred to in the legendary account of the destruction of Awatobi pueblo that occurred ten to twelve generations ago.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Turner and Morris (1970) are among the earliest published papers to illustrate cut human bone.
“Turner and Morris (1970) are among the earliest published papers to illustrate cut human bone.”
From Cannibalism in the Prehistoric American Southwest. Occurrence, Taphonomy, Explanation, and Suggestions for Standardized World Definition. (1995) · cites this paper as Turner and Morris (1970)
Cites
Sun chief; the autobiography of a Hopi Indian.
Talayesva, D. C., & Simmons, L. W. (1963) · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Old Oraibi, A Study of the Hopi Indians of Third Mesa. By Mischa Titiev.
Roberts, F. H. H. (1944) · American Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.2307/499912 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Voth, H. R., & Dorsey, G. A. (1905) · Publication. Anthropological series/Publication - Field Columbian Museum. Anthropological series · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3441 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A‐WA‘‐TO BI: An Archeological Verification of a Tusayan Legend.*
Fewkes, J. W. (1893) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1893.6.4.02a00030 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Prescott, W. H. (1919) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Titiev, M. (1937) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1937.39.2.02a00050 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A Mass Secondary Burial from Northern Arizona
Olson, A. P. (1966) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/2694455 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Archeological expedition to Arizona in 1895
Fewkes, J. W. (1898) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Brothwell, D. R. (1961) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00036383 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 10 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ferna´ndez-Jalvo, Y., Carlos Dı´ez, J., Ca´ceres, I., & Rosell, J. (1999) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0324 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The Bioarchaeology of Violence
(2012) · University Press of Florida eBooks · doi:10.5744/florida/9780813041506.001.0001 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cannibalism, Warfare, and Drought in the Mesa Verde Region during the Twelfth Century A.D.
Billman, B. R., Lambert, P. M., & Leonard, B. L. (2000) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/2694812 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Kuckelman, K. A., Lightfoot, R. R., & Martin, D. L. (2002) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/1593823 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Mass Inhumation and the Execution of Witches in the American Southwest
Darling, J. A. (1998) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.732 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Where are the witches of prehistory?
Walker, W. (1998) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/bf02428071 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Turner, C. G. (1993) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330910403 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationTHERMAL ALTERATIONS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BONES*
Pijoan, C., MANSILLA, J., Leboreiro, I., Lara, V. H., & Bosch, P. (2007) · Archaeometry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00331.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Potter, J. M., & Chuipka, J. P. (2010) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2010.08.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Andrews, P., & Fernández–Jalvo, Y. (2003) · Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Geology Series · doi:10.1017/s096804620300010x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
TURNER, C. G. I., & TURNER, J. A. (1995) · Anthropological Science · doi:10.1537/ase.103.1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationSurvival cannibalism or sociopolitical intimidation?
Kantner, J. (1999) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-999-1000-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Additional Evidence for Cannibalism in the Southwest: The Case of LA 4528
Flinn, L., Turner II, C. G., & Brew, A. (1976) · American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/279519 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationMortuary Practices and the Social Order at La Quemada, Zacatecas, Mexico
Nelson, B. A., Darling, J. A., & Kice, D. A. (1992) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/971951 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Two Fragmented Human Bone Assemblages from Yellow Jacket, Southwestern Colorado
Malville, N. J. (1989) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.1989.11758133 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
A Reappraisal of Anasazi Cannibalism
Bullock, P. Y. (1991) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.1991.11758180 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prehistoric Cannibalism in the Mancos Canyon, Southwestern Colorado
Nickens, P. (1975) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.1975.11757822 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Perimortem Damage to Human Skeletal Remains from Wupatki National Monument, Northern Arizona
Turner, C. G., & Turner, J. A. (1990) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.1990.11758144 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation“Men, Women, and Children Starving”: Archaeology of the Donner Family Camp
Dixon, K. J., Novak, S. A., Robbins, G., Schablitsky, J. M., Scott, G. R., & Tasa, G. L. (2010) · American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/0002-7316.75.3.627 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Redfern, R. C. (2011) · Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society · doi:10.1017/s0079497x00000657 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A Prehistoric Multiple Burial from Monument Valley Evidencing Trauma and Possible Cannibalism
Nass, G. G., & Bellantoni, N. F. (1982) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.1982.11760575 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Additional analysis of mtDNA from the Tommy and Mine Canyon sites
Snow, M. H., Durand, K. R., Gustafson, M., & Smith, D. G. (2017) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.03.042 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Extreme Processing at Mancos and Sacred Ridge: The Value of Comparative Studies
Osterholtz, A. J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7560-6_7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Trophy Taking in the Central and Lower Mississippi Valley
ROSS-STALLINGS, N. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-48303-0_13 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
PERIMORTEM DAMAGE TO HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FROM WUPATKI NATIONAL MONUMENT
Turner, J. A. (1990) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Osterholtz, A. J., & Martin, D. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48396-2_7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ethnoarchaeology and Settlement Archaeology
Stanislawski, M. B. (1973) · Ethnohistory · doi:10.2307/481487 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
War and Place: Landscapes of Conflict and Destruction in Prehistory
Snead, J. E. (2008) · Journal of Conflict Archaeology · doi:10.1163/157407808x382791 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Runnels, C. (1993) · Journal of Field Archaeology · doi:10.1179/jfa.1993.20.2.229 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
On Peter Y. Bullock's “A Reappraisal of Anasazi Cannibalism”
Turner, C. G., & Turner, J. A. (1992) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.1992.11758208 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPerimortem processing of human remains among the Great Basin Fremont
Novak, S. A., & Kollmann, D. D. (2000) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1212(200001/02)10:1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Comparative human and deer (Odocoileus virginianus) taphonomy at the Richards site, Ohio
Edgar, H. J. H., & Sciulli, P. W. (2005) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.812 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Osterholtz, A. J., Baustian, K. M., & Martin, D. L. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7560-6_1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
McCarthy, D. M. (2011) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bioarchaeology of violent death
Osterholtz, A. J., Martin, D. L., & Harrod, R. P. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119806394.ch5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
"Then Will You Rise and Strike My Head from My Neck": Hopi Prophecy and the Discourse of Empowerment
Clemmer, R. O. (1995) · The American Indian Quarterly · doi:10.2307/1185351 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Southwestern Archaeology Beyond Archaeology: Past, Present, and Future
Ingram, S., & Gilpin, D. (2015) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.2015.1118736 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Smith, W. (1992) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.1992.11758187 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
El canibalismo prehistórico en el suroeste de Estados Unidos
Turner, C. G., & Turner, J. A. (1997) · Centro de estudios mexicanos y centroamericanos eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.cemca.2533 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPREHISTORIC CANNIBALISM IN THE MANCOS CANYON
Nickens, P. (1975) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Material Evidence of Immigrant Diversity within the Perry Mesa Tradition, Central Arizona
Russell, W. (2012) · The Digital Archeological Record (tDAR) · doi:10.6067/xcv8tq63d0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Circularity, Analogy, and Gestalt in the Ancestral Puebloan Cannibalism Debate
Youngblood, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Technical Writing and Communication · doi:10.2190/tw.42.2.b · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Ends of the Body: Neocannibalism and Military Necropolitics
Scheper‐Hughes, N. (2015) · Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.editionsmsh.10777 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Obituary: Christy Gentry Turner II (November 28, 1933–July 27, 2013)
Scott, G. R. (2014) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22514 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Spuhler, J. N. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2793-1.50010-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Understanding the Chaco Phenomenon
Harrod, R. P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59516-0_1
(2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012528628-2/50061-2
Vehemence and Community Violence
Palkovich, A. M. (2024) · Bioarchaeology and social theory · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56023-1_8
Archaeologies of crime and punishment: an introduction
González‐Ruibal, A., & Lane, P. J. (2024) · World Archaeology · doi:10.1080/00438243.2024.2494935
O dom e a danação: antropofagia e doenças (supostamente) emergentes
Bastos, F. I. (1999) · Nuevo texto crítico/Nuevo texto crítico · doi:10.1353/ntc.1999.0030
- Authors
- Turner, C. G., & Morris, N. T.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- ORCID
- Turner, Christy G.
- Venue
- American Antiquity
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1970-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 320-331
- ISSN
- 0002-7316 (ISSN-L)
- 2325-5064
- OpenAlex
- W2315581581
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Antiquity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Keywords
- mass burials, dismemberment, cannibalism, radiocarbon dating, Pueblo archaeology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review