The DOI matches its Crossref record; 488 of the 501 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Privacy in the Digital Age: a Review of Information Privacy Research in Information Systems1
Open accessAbstract
Information privacy refers to the desire of individuals to control or have some influence over data about themselves. Advances in information technology have raised concerns about information privacy and its impacts, and have motivated Information Systems researchers to explore information privacy issues, including technical solutions to address these concerns. In this paper, we inform researchers about the current state of information privacy research in IS through a critical analysis of the IS literature that considers information privacy as a key construct. The review of the literature reveals that information privacy is a multilevel concept, but rarely studied as such. We also find that information privacy research has been heavily reliant on student-based and USA-centric samples, which results in findings of limited generalizability. Information privacy research focuses on explaining and predicting theoretical contributions, with few studies in journal articles focusing on design and action contributions. We recommend that future research should consider different levels of analysis as well as multilevel effects of information privacy. We illustrate this with a multilevel framework for information privacy concerns. We call for research on information privacy to use a broader diversity of sampling populations, and for more design and action information privacy research to be published in journal articles that can result in IT artifacts for protection or control of information privacy.
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“Consumer trust in online platforms is contingent upon transparent and ethical data management practices (Bélanger & Crossler, 2011).”
From Feeling Watched: A Phenomenological Exploration of Consumer Discomfort and Data Privacy Concerns in E-Commerce Personalized Email Marketing (2025) · cites this paper as Bélanger & Crossler, 2011
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“Moreover, supported research highlighted that clear communication about data use policies builds consumer trust in digital environments (Bélanger & Crossler, 2011).”
From Feeling Watched: A Phenomenological Exploration of Consumer Discomfort and Data Privacy Concerns in E-Commerce Personalized Email Marketing (2025) · cites this paper as Bélanger & Crossler, 2011
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Cites
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Flagged first, then by citations
13 of the 501 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Bélanger, 2009, Children Online Privacy: Issues with Parental Awareness and Control, 311
- Donlan, A. E. 2007. “The IAPP Unveils Winners of the 2007 HP-IAPP Privacy Innovation Awards,” Marketwire (https://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Iapp-784595.html; retrieved August 19, 2009).
- Goodman, 2005, Yahoo Says it Gave China Internet Data, Washington Post, A30
- Lin, 2005, Information Privacy Concerns in the Customer Relationship Management Context: A Comparison of Consumer Attitudes in the United States, China, and Taiwan
- Swartz, 2004, Canadian Firms Have Different Views of Privacy, Information Management Journal, 38, 14
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Synthesizing information systems knowledge: A typology of literature reviews
Paré, G., Trudel, M.-C., Jaana, M., & Kitsiou, S. (2015) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2014.08.008 · Cited by 1,987
What’s Different about Social Media Networks? A Framework and Research Agenda1
Kane, G. C., Alavi, M., Labianca, G., & Borgatti, S. P. (2014) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2014/38.1.13 · Cited by 923
ICT, public values and transformative government: A framework and programme for research
Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2014) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2013.06.002 · Cited by 711
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Data Network Effects for Creating User Value
Gregory, R. W., Henfridsson, O., Kaganer, E., & Kyriakou, H. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2019.0178 · Cited by 540
Newell, S., & Marabelli, M. (2015) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2015.02.001 · Cited by 494
Metadata
- Authors
- Bélanger, F., & Crossler, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, 3007 Pamplin Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0101 U.S.A.
- Mississippi State University (US)
- ORCID
- Crossler, Robert E.
- Venue
- MIS Quarterly
- Publisher
- MIS Quarterly
- Published
- 2011-12-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1017-A36
- ISSN
- 0276-7783 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-9730
- OpenAlex
- W1870146437
- Cited by
- 1,339
- References
- 501
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 145.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- MIS Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
- Keywords
- data privacy, multilevel analysis, multi-level framework, privacy concerns, privacy preservation, data control, digital era
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