Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 543

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prospective Elementary and Secondary Teachers' Understanding of Division

Ball, Deborah Loewenberg·1990·Journal for Research in Mathematics Education

Abstract

This article reports an analysis of 19 prospective elementary and secondary teachers' understanding of division. Interview questions probed the prospective teachers' understanding of division in three contexts. Although many of the teacher candidates could produce correct answers, several could not, and few were able to give mathematical explanations for the underlying principles and meanings. The prospective teachers' knowledge was generally fragmented, and each case of division was held as a separate bit of knowledge.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/749140

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Cited by

See all 543

Metadata

Authors
Ball, D. L.
Venue
Journal for Research in Mathematics Education
Published
1990-03
Volume
21
Issue
2
Pages
132
ISSN
0021-8251 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2008606319
Cited by
543
References
7
FWCI
20.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Prospective Elementary and Secondary Teachers' Understanding of Division. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/749140
The paper
Ball, D. L. (1990). Prospective Elementary and Secondary Teachers' Understanding of Division. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.2307/749140

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.