The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Balance Sheet as an Earnings Management Constraint
Open accessAbstract
The balance sheet accumulates the effects of previous accounting choices, so the level of net assets partly reflects the extent of previous earnings management. We predict that managers' ability to optimistically bias earnings decreases with the extent to which the balance sheet overstates net assets relative to a neutral application of GAAP. To test this prediction, we examine the likelihood of reporting various earnings surprises for 3,649 firms during 1993–1999. Consistent with our prediction, we find that the likelihood of reporting larger positive or smaller negative earnings surprises decreases with our proxy for overstated net asset values.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations
Jones, J. J. (1991) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2491047 · Cited by 8,353
DECHOW, P. M., SLOAN, R. G., & SWEENEY, A. P. (1996) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/j.1911-3846.1996.tb00489.x · Cited by 4,065
(2012) · Asian Financial Statement Analysis · doi:10.1002/9781119204763.ch4 · Cited by 3,821
The Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management*
BECKER, C. L., DEFOND, M. L., JIAMBALVO, J., & SUBRAMANYAM, K. R. (1998) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/j.1911-3846.1998.tb00547.x · Cited by 3,222
Earnings Management to Exceed Thresholds
Degeorge, F., Patel, J., & Zeckhauser, R. (1999) · The Journal of Business · doi:10.1086/209601 · Cited by 2,751
Earnings Management: Reconciling the Views of Accounting Academics, Practitioners, and Regulators
Dechow, P. M., & Skinner, D. J. (2000) · Accounting Horizons · doi:10.2308/acch.2000.14.2.235 · Cited by 1,930
Assessing proportionality in the proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression.
Brant, R. (1990) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532457 · Cited by 1,864
Empirical research on accounting choice
Fields, T. D., Lys, T. Z., & Vincent, L. (2001) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00028-3 · Cited by 1,759
The rewards to meeting or beating earnings expectations
Bartov, E., Givoly, D., & Hayn, C. (2002) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(02)00045-9 · Cited by 1,706
Management's Incentives to Avoid Negative Earnings Surprises
Matsumoto, D. A. (2002) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr.2002.77.3.483 · Cited by 1,613
Cited by
Evidence on the Trade-Off between Real Activities Manipulation and Accrual-Based Earnings Management
Zang, A. Y. (2012) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr-10196 · Cited by 2,291
Equity Incentives and Earnings Management
Cheng, Q., & Warfield, T. D. (2005) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr.2005.80.2.441 · Cited by 1,435
Earnings quality: Evidence from the field
Dichev, I. D., Graham, J. R., Harvey, C. R., & Rajgopal, S. (2013) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2013.05.004 · Cited by 1,103
Huang, X., Teoh, S. H., & Zhang, Y. (2014) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr-50684 · Cited by 850
Do investors overvalue firms with bloated balance sheets?
Hirshleifer, D., Hou, K., Teoh, S. H., & Zhang, Y. (2004) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.10.002 · Cited by 803
Metadata
- Authors
- Barton, J., & Simko, P. J.
- Venue
- The Accounting Review
- Publisher
- American Accounting Association
- Published
- 2002-03-01
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- s-1
- Pages
- 1-27
- ISSN
- 0001-4826 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-7967
- OpenAlex
- W3125721493
- Cited by
- 907
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 48.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Balance Sheet as an Earnings Management Constraint. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.1
- The paper
- Barton, J., & Simko, P. J. (2002). The Balance Sheet as an Earnings Management Constraint. The Accounting Review. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.