Does Time-in-Range Matter? Perspectives From People With Diabetes on the Success of Current Therapies and the Drivers of Improved Outcomes
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IN BRIEF After assessing patient perspectives on the success of current diabetes therapies and the factors that have the greatest impact on daily life, we show that time-in-range is a crucial outcome for people with diabetes and that current therapies are falling short on this metric. We also show that patients feel significant stress and worry, and they believe they are falling short in diet, exercise, and weight maintenance. In addition, they believe diet and exercise and in-range blood glucose are the biggest drivers of improved diabetes management and mindset. Together, these findings support the need for therapies that improve outcomes including and beyond A1C.
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People with T1D may regard reducing glucose variability and improving TIR to be as important as achieving their target HbA1c value.
“As measurements of HbA1c do not reflect glycemic variability and target HbA1c values may be achieved while still experiencing marked daily glycemic fluctuations, people with T1D may regard reducing glucose variability and improving TIR to be as important as achieving their target HbA1c value.36,37”
From Increased Time in Range and Fewer Missed Bolus Injections After Introduction of a Smart Connected Insulin Pen (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
TIR is regarded by patients with diabetes as a crucial measure in diabetes management.
“and is regarded by patients with diabetes to be a crucial measure in diabetes management (6).”
From Time in Range in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
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Gao, X., Li, H., Yu, Y., Huai, X., Feng, B., & Song, J. (2023) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s410761 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yan, F., Yu, H., Lan, L., Xu, Z., Zeng, J., Huang, B., Liu, C., Li, X., & Lin, M. (2024) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-024-03955-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Interpretación del monitoreo continuo de glucosa: una visión práctica
Coronel-Restrepo, N., Rincón, A. R., Palacio, A., Delgado, M. R., & Botero, J. F. (2023) · Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo · doi:10.53853/encr.10.1.764 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Manov, A. E., Dhillon, G. S., Chauhan, S., Asllanaj, B., & Uy, E. S. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.36970 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schroeder, A. E., Rosenkranz, R. R., Yarrow, L., Haub, M. D., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11110214 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring metrics in pregnancy with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Jeeyavudeen, M. S., Crosby, M., & Pappachan, J. M. (2024) · World Journal of Methodology · doi:10.5662/wjm.v14.i1.90316 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Block, C. E. M. D., CHENG, A. Y. Y., Anil, G., D’Cruz, J. M., & Ginovker, A. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01603-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neue Entwicklungen bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 1
Haberbosch, L., & Spranger, J. (2021) · DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1055/a-1240-9714
Matter, R. M., Nasef, M. W., ShibaAlhamd, R. M., & Thabet, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2022-0421
„Time in range“ (TIR) vs. Glykohämoglobin Typ A1c (HbA1c): was zählt für unsere Patienten?
Harer, C., & Mader, J. K. (2022) · Die Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s11428-022-00963-9
Chawla, M. S., CHAWLA, P. M., Saboo, B., Kesavadev, J., Gupta, A., & Parikh, R. M. (2022) · International Journal of Diabetes and Technology · doi:10.4103/ijdt.ijdt_12_22
Trends in Time in Range–Related Publications and Clinical Trials: A Bibliometric Review
Patel, P. M., Abaniel, R. M., Dogra, N., Lo, C. B., Frazzitta, M. A., & Virdi, N. S. (2023) · doi:10.2337/figshare.22714573.v1
Trends in Time in Range–Related Publications and Clinical Trials: A Bibliometric Review
Patel, P. M., Abaniel, R. M., Dogra, N., Lo, C. B., Frazzitta, M. A., & Virdi, N. S. (2023) · doi:10.2337/figshare.22714573
Brøsen, J. M. B., Agesen, R. M., Alibegovic, A. C., Andersen, H. U., Beck‐Nielsen, H., Gustenhoff, P., Hansen, T. K., Hedetoft, C., Jensen, T. J., Juhl, C. B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968231197423
Positioning “Time-in-Range” in the Treatment of Diabetes in India
Mohan, V., Unnikrishnan, A. G., Kesavadev, J., & Saboo, B. (2022) · International Journal of Diabetes and Technology · doi:10.4103/ijdt.ijdt_2_22
(2024) · Journal of Medical Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.47485//2767-5416.1062
Artime, E., Hillman, N., Tinahones, F. J., Pérez, A., Giménez, M., Duque, N., Santos, M. R., Díaz‐Cerezo, S., Redondo‐Antón, J., Spaepen, E., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.79134
System Failure in Type 1 Diabetes: What Stakeholders Need to Know to Expedite Therapeutic Options
Dayan, C. M., Mathieu, C., Lowenstein, D., & Soler, L. (2025) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/ds25-0024
Godoi, A., Reis Marques, I., Padrão, E. M. H., Mahesh, A., Hespanhol, L. C., Riceto Loyola Júnior, J. E., de Souza, I. A. F., Moreira, V. C. S., Silva, C. H., Miyawaki, I. A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26620396
Managing Gestational Diabetes Complexity with Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Narrative Review
Craciun, A. E., Ciobanu, D. M., Inceu, G., Vonica, C. L., Herman, D., Crăciun, C.-I., Fodor, A., Bala, C. G., & Rusu, A. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16142145
- Authors
- Runge, A. S., Kennedy, L., Brown, A. S., Dove, A. E., Levine, B. J., Koontz, S. P., Iyengar, V. S., Odeh, S. A., Close, K. L., Hirsch, I. B., & Wood, R.
- Affiliations
- The diaTribe Foundation, San Francisco, CA
- Close Concerns (United States) (US)
- dQ&A Market Research, Inc., San Francisco, CA
- Brown University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dove, Abigail E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2018-04-01
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 112-119
- ISSN
- 0891-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-4953
- PMC
- PMC5898169
- OpenAlex
- W2780617792
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- time in range, diabetes management, patient perspectives, glycemic control, HbA1c, patient stress, dietary adherence, physical activity, weight maintenance
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