Effects of continuous glucose monitoring on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) versus self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in maintaining glycaemic control among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023387583). PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and OVID databases were searched from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2022 for randomized controlled trials comparing CGM with SMBG in glycaemic control among the outpatients with T2DM. The primary endpoint was glycated haemoglobin, while the secondary endpoints included time in range, time below range and time above range. Both traditional and network meta‐analyses were conducted to explore the efficacy of CGM on glycaemic control in T2DM. Results: Eleven high‐quality studies, involving 1425 individuals with T2DM, were identified. Traditional meta‐analysis revealed that CGM exhibited a significantly decreased [mean difference (MD): −0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.45, −0.18)], time above range [MD: −9.06%, 95% CI (−16.00, −2.11)], time below range [MD: −0.30%, 95% CI (−0.49, −0.12)] and a significantly increased time in range [MD: 8.49%, 95% CI (3.96, 13.02)] compared with SMBG. The network meta‐analysis showed that real‐time CGM can improve the glycaemic control of patients with T2DM to the most extent. Conclusions: CGM could provide T2DM with greater benefits in glycaemic management compared with SMBG, particularly in patients using real‐time CGM. These findings provide an updated perspective on previous research and offer guidance for CGM use in T2DM.
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CGM is superior to SMBG in glycemic management, particularly in patients using real-time CGM.
“In a recent meta-analysis of 11 high-quality studies involving 1425 individuals with T2D, Lu et al. demonstrated that CGM is superior to SMBG in glycemic management, particularly in patients using real-time CGM [18].”
From Sequential use of continuous glucose monitoring, with or without exercise trackers, significantly improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
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Talaiti, M., Liao, X., Abulimiti, N., Zeng, M., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/jdr/1464982
- Authors
- Lu, J., Ying, Z., Wang, P., Fu, M., Han, C., & Zhang, M.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Min
- Venue
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-10-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 362-372
- ISSN
- 1462-8902 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-1326
- OpenAlex
- W4387599123
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- continuous glucose monitoring, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, self-monitoring of blood glucose, HbA1c, time in range, time below range, time above range, real-time CGM
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Glycemic Control, Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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