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RNA Sequencing Identifies Dysregulation of the Human Pancreatic Islet Transcriptome by the Saturated Fatty Acid Palmitate

Cnop, Miriam, Abdulkarim, Baroj, Bottu, Guy, Cunha, Daniel A., Igoillo-Esteve, Mariana, Masini, Matilde, Turatsinze, Jean-Valery, Griebel, Thasso, Villate, Olatz, Santin, Izortze, Bugliani, Marco, Ladriere, Laurence, Marselli, Lorella, McCarthy, Mark I., Marchetti, Piero, Sammeth, Michael, Eizirik, Décio L.·2014·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/db13-1383
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Abstract

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death are central in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Saturated fatty acids cause β-cell failure and contribute to diabetes development in genetically predisposed individuals. Here we used RNA sequencing to map transcripts expressed in five palmitate-treated human islet preparations, observing 1,325 modified genes. Palmitate induced fatty acid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Functional studies identified novel mediators of adaptive ER stress signaling. Palmitate modified genes regulating ubiquitin and proteasome function, autophagy, and apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagic flux and lysosome function contributed to lipotoxicity. Palmitate inhibited transcription factors controlling β-cell phenotype, including PAX4 and GATA6. Fifty-nine T2D candidate genes were expressed in human islets, and 11 were modified by palmitate. Palmitate modified expression of 17 splicing factors and shifted alternative splicing of 3,525 transcripts. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of modified transcripts and genes confirmed that top changed functions related to cell death. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) analysis of transcription factor binding sites in palmitate-modified transcripts revealed a role for PAX4, GATA, and the ER stress response regulators XBP1 and ATF6. This human islet transcriptome study identified novel mechanisms of palmitate-induced β-cell dysfunction and death. The data point to cross talk between metabolic stress and candidate genes at the β-cell level.

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Metadata

Authors
Cnop, M., Abdulkarim, B., Bottu, G., Cunha, D. A., Igoillo-Esteve, M., Masini, M., Turatsinze, J.-V., Griebel, T., Villate, O., Santin, I., Bugliani, M., Ladriere, L., Marselli, L., McCarthy, M. I., Marchetti, P., Sammeth, M., & Eizirik, D. L.
Affiliations
  • Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
  • Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  • Functional Bioinformatics, Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica, Barcelona, Spain
  • Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2014-05-15
Volume
63
Issue
6
Pages
1978-1993
ISSN
  • 0012-1797
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/db13-1383
Cited by
250
References
7
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor, 2664 d)

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