Sestrin 3 protein enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity by direct activation of the mTORC2-Akt signaling
Open accessAbstract
Sestrin proteins have been implicated in multiple biological processes including resistance to oxidative and genotoxic stresses, protection against aging-related pathologies, and promotion of metabolic homeostasis; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Some evidence suggests that sestrins may inhibit mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) through inhibition of RagA/B GTPases or activation of AMPK; however, whether sestrins are also involved in mTORC2 regulation and function is unclear. To investigate the functions and mechanisms of Sestrin 3 (Sesn3), we generated Sesn3 liver-specific transgenic and knockout mice. Our data show that Sesn3 liver-specific knockout mice exhibit insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, and Sesn3 transgenic mice were protected against insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Using AMPK liver-specific knockout mice, we demonstrate that the Sesn3 insulin-sensitizing effect is largely independent of AMPK. Biochemical analysis reveals that Sesn3 interacts with and activates mTORC2 and subsequently stimulates Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. These findings suggest that Sesn3 can activate Akt via mTORC2 to regulate hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sens3 has been associated with activation of mTORC2 and Akt phosphorylation enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in mice.
“Sens3 has been recently associated with the activation of mTORC2 and Akt phosphorylation enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in mice (Tao et al., 2015).”
From Mitochondrial Activity and Dynamics Changes Regarding Metabolism in Ageing and Obesity (2017) · cites this paper as Tao et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
mTOR Signaling in Growth Control and Disease
Laplante, M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.017 · Cited by 8,509 · see citing works
AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis
Hardie, D. G., Ross, F. A., & Hawley, S. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3311 · Cited by 4,602 · see citing works
TSC2 Mediates Cellular Energy Response to Control Cell Growth and Survival
Inoki, K., Zhu, T., & Guan, K.-L. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00929-2 · Cited by 3,914 · see citing works
AMPK Phosphorylation of Raptor Mediates a Metabolic Checkpoint
Gwinn, D. M., Shackelford, D. B., Egan, D. F., Mihaylova, M. M., Mery, A., Vasquez, D. S., Turk, B. E., & Shaw, R. J. (2008) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.03.003 · Cited by 3,849 · see citing works
Watterson, K. R., Bestow, D., Gallagher, J. R., Hamilton, D. L., Ashford, F. B., Meakin, P. J., & Ashford, M. L. J. (2012) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000334144 · Cited by 3,395 · see citing works
Sarbassov, D. D., Ali, S. M., Kim, D.-H., Guertin, D. A., Latek, R. R., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., & Sabatini, D. M. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.054 · Cited by 2,665 · see citing works
Cho, H., Mu, J., Kim, J. K., Thorvaldsen, J. L., Chu, Q., Crenshaw, E. B., Kaestner, K. H., Bartolomei, M. S., Shulman, G. I., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.292.5522.1728 · Cited by 1,837 · see citing works
Absence of S6K1 protects against age- and diet-induced obesity while enhancing insulin sensitivity
Um, S. H., Frigerio, F., Watanabe, M., Picard, F., Joaquin, M., Sticker, M., Fumagalli, S., Allegrini, P. R., Kozma, S. C., Auwerx, J., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02866 · Cited by 1,677 · see citing works
Jacinto, E., Facchinetti, V., Liu, D., Soto, N., Wei, S., Jung, S. Y., Huang, Q., Qin, J., & Su, B. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.033 · Cited by 1,407 · see citing works
p53 Target Genes Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 Connect Genotoxic Stress and mTOR Signaling
Budanov, A. V., & Karin, M. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.028 · Cited by 1,326 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Hepatic Sesn3 Can Activate Akt and Insulin Signaling Independent of AMPK A few previous studies have linked sestrin suppression of mTORC1 signaling through AMPK (4,6,41).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPostic, C., Shiota, M., Niswender, K. D., Jetton, T. L., Chen, Y., Moates, J. M., Shelton, K. D., Lindner, J., Cherrington, A. D., & Magnuson, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.1.305 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
The LKB1 tumor suppressor negatively regulates mTOR signaling
Shaw, R. J., Bardeesy, N. M., Manning, B. D., Lopez, L. V., Kosmatka, M., DePinho, R. A., & Cantley, L. C. (2004) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2004.06.007 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
MiR-150 Controls B Cell Differentiation by Targeting the Transcription Factor c-Myb
Xiao, C., Calado, D. P., Galler, G. R., Thai, T., Patterson, H. C., Wang, J., Rajewsky, N., Bender, T. P., & Rajewsky, K. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.021 · Cited by 1,041 · see citing works
Copps, K. D., & White, M. F. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2644-8 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Shah, O. J., Wang, Z., & Hunter, T. R. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.026 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Li, S., Brown, M. S., & Goldstein, J. L. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0914798107 · Cited by 733 · cited 1× · see citing works
“During the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, a paradoxical phenotype is often noticed: Insulin continues to promote lipogenesis but fails to suppress glucose production in the liver, which is also called selective hepatic insulin resistance (58,59).”
BackgroundRegeneration of peroxiredoxins by p53-regulated sestrins, homologs of bacterial AhpD
Budanov, A. V., Sablina, A. A., Feinstein, E., Koonin, E. V., & Chumakov, P. M. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095569 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Role of Akt/protein kinase B in metabolism.
Whiteman, E. L., Cho, H., & Birnbaum, M. (2002) · Trends in endocrinology and metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00662-8 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
mSin1 Is Necessary for Akt/PKB Phosphorylation, and Its Isoforms Define Three Distinct mTORC2s
Frías, M. A., Thoreen, C. C., Jaffe, J. D., Schroder, W. A., Sculley, T. B., Carr, S. A., & Sabatini, D. M. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.001 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
mTORC1 controls fasting-induced ketogenesis and its modulation by ageing
Sengupta, S., Peterson, T. R., Laplante, M., Oh, S., & Sabatini, D. M. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09584 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Sestrin as a feedback inhibitor of TOR that prevents age-related pathologies
Lee, J. H., Budanov, A. V., Park, E. J., Birse, R., Kim, T. E., Perkins, G. A., Ocorr, K., Ellisman, M. H., Bodmer, R., Bier, E., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1182228 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
A Family with Severe Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Due to a Mutation in AKT2
George, S., Rochford, J. J., Wolfrum, C., Gray, S. L., Schinner, S., Wilson, J. C., Soos, M. A., Murgatroyd, P. R., Williams, R. M., Acerini, C. L., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1096706 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Hepatic mTORC2 Activates Glycolysis and Lipogenesis through Akt, Glucokinase, and SREBP1c
Hagiwara, A., Cornu, M., Cybulski, N., Polak, P., Betz, C., Trapani, F., Terracciano, L., Heim, M. H., Rüegg, M. A., & Hall, M. N. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.015 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Lkb1 regulates cell cycle and energy metabolism in haematopoietic stem cells
Nakada, D., Saunders, T. L., & Morrison, S. J. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09571 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
The TSC1-TSC2 Complex Is Required for Proper Activation of mTOR Complex 2
Huang, J., Dibble, C. C., Matsuzaki, M., & Manning, B. D. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00289-08 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Bae, S. H., Sung, S. H., Oh, S. Y., Lim, J. M., Lee, S. K., Park, Y. N., Lee, H. E., Kang, D., & Rhee, S. G. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.002 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Chantranupong, L., Wolfson, R. L., Orozco, J. M., Saxton, R. A., Scaria, S. M., Bar-Peled, L., Spooner, E., Isasa, M., Gygi, S. P., & Sabatini, D. M. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.014 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Characterization of Rictor Phosphorylation Sites Reveals Direct Regulation of mTOR Complex 2 by S6K1
Dibble, C. C., Asara, J. M., & Manning, B. D. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00735-09 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Nutrient signaling to mTOR and cell growth
Jewell, J. L., & Guan, K. (2013) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2013.01.004 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Tzatsos, A., & Kandror, K. V. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.26.1.63-76.2006 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Insulin regulates liver metabolism in vivo in the absence of hepatic Akt and Foxo1
Lu, M., Wan, M., Leavens, K. F., Chu, Q., Monks, B. R., Fernandez, S., Ahima, R. S., Ueki, K., Kahn, C. R., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2686 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Identification of a novel stress-responsive gene Hi95 involved in regulation of cell viability
Budanov, A. V., Shoshani, T., Faerman, A., Zelin, E., Kamer, I., Kalinski, H., Gorodin, S., Fishman, A., Chajut, A., Einat, P., et al. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205877 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Changes in Gene Expression Foreshadow Diet-Induced Obesity in Genetically Identical Mice
Koza, R. A., Nikonova, L. V., Hogan, J. C., Rim, J., Mendoza, T. M., Faulk, C. D., Skaf, J. S., & Kozak, L. P. (2006) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020081 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome: from epidemiology to systems biology
Lusis, A. J., Attie, A., & Reue, K. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2468 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Sestrins Orchestrate Cellular Metabolism to Attenuate Aging
Lee, J. H., Budanov, A. V., & Karin, M. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.018 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis by Sestrin2 and Sestrin3
Lee, J. H., Budanov, A. V., Talukdar, S., Park, E. J., Park, H. L., Park, H.-W., Bandyopadhyay, G., Li, N., Aghajan, M., Jang, I., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.004 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Biddinger, S. B., Almind, K., Miyazaki, M., Kokkotou, E. G., Ntambi, J. M., & Kahn, C. R. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1314 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Rictor and Integrin-Linked Kinase Interact and Regulate Akt Phosphorylation and Cancer Cell Survival
McDonald, P. C., Oloumi, A., Mills, J., Dobreva, I., Maidan, M. M., Gray, V., Wederell, E. D., Bally, M. B., Foster, L. J., & Dedhar, S. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5869 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Peng, M., Yin, N., & Li, M. O. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.038 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Tao, R., Xiong, X., DePinho, R. A., Deng, C., & Dong, X. C. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.481473 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationUeno, M., Carvalheira, J. B. C., Tambascia, R. C., Bezerra, R. M. N., do Amaral, M. E. C., Carneiro, E. M., Folli, F. B., Franchini, K. G., & Saad, M. J. A. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1662-6 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Hepatic SREBP-2 and cholesterol biosynthesis are regulated by FoxO3 and Sirt6
Tao, R., Xiong, X., DePinho, R. A., Deng, C., & Dong, X. C. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m039339 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationHepatoprotective role of Sestrin2 against chronic ER stress
Park, H., Park, H., Ro, S., Jang, I., Semple, I. A., Kim, D. N., Kim, M., Nam, M., Zhang, D., Yin, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5233 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
mTORC1 activates SREBP-1c and uncouples lipogenesis from gluconeogenesis
Laplante, M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000323107 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
ER Stress Inhibits mTORC2 and Akt Signaling Through GSK-3β–Mediated Phosphorylation of Rictor
Chen, C.-H., Shaiken, T. E., Peterson, T. R., Aimbetov, R., Bissenbaev, A. K., Lee, S.-W., Wu, J., Lin, H., & Sarbassov, D. D. (2011) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2001731 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Nelfinavir and bortezomib inhibit mTOR activity via ATF4‐mediated sestrin‐2 regulation
Brüning, A., Rahmeh, M., & Friese, K. (2013) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2013.07.010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Xiong, X., Tao, R., DePinho, R. A., & Dong, X. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074340 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationSestrin 2 Is Not a Reductase for Cysteine Sulfinic Acid of Peroxiredoxins
Woo, H. A., Bae, S. H., Park, S., & Rhee, S. G. (2008) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2008.2360 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sestrin2 inhibits uncoupling protein 1 expression through suppressing reactive oxygen species
Ro, S., Nam, M., Jang, I., Park, H., Park, H., Semple, I. A., Kim, M., Kim, J. S., Park, H., Einat, P., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1401787111 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Glidden, E. J., Gray, L. G., Vemuru, S., Li, D., Harris, T. E., & Mayo, M. W. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.304337 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Hepatic signaling by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)
Lamming, D. W., Demirkan, G., Boylan, J. M., Mihaylova, M. M., Peng, T., Ferreira, J., Neretti, N., Salomon, A. R., Sabatini, D. M., & Gruppuso, P. A. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.13-237743 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Tao, R., Xiong, X., Harris, R. A., White, M. F., & Dong, X. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071997 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationGILZ inhibits the mTORC2/AKT pathway in BCR-ABL+ cells
Joha, S., Nugues, A.-L., Hétuin, D., Berthon, C., Dezitter, X., Dauphin, V., Mahon, F., Roche‐Lestienne, C., Preudhomme, C., Quesnel, B., et al. (2011) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2011.328 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) Kinase Maintains Integrity of mTOR Complex 2
Chen, C.-H., & Sarbassov, D. D. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.282590 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Nascimento, E. B. M., Osler, M. E., & Zierath, J. R. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00212.2013 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
XPLN is an endogenous inhibitor of mTORC2
Khanna, N., Fang, Y., Yoon, M., & Chen, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1310434110 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
IKK interacts with rictor and regulates mTORC2
Xu, Y., Lai, E.-Y., Liu, J., Lin, J., Yang, C., Jia, C., Li, Y., Bai, X., & Li, M. (2013) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cárdenas-Rodríguez, M., Irigoı́n, F., Osborn, D. P. S., Gascue, C., Katsanis, N., Beales, P. L., & Badano, J. L. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt253 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Jeon, Y. H., Park, Y. H., Kwon, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, I. Y. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The inhibitory effect of ethanol on Sestrin3 in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury
Kang, X., Petyaykina, K., Tao, R., Xiong, X., Dong, X. C., & Liangpunsakul, S. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00373.2013 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 61 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regulation and metabolic functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2.
Szwed, A., Kim, E., & Jacinto, E. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00026.2020 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Metabolic Control of Longevity
López-Otín, C., Galluzzi, L., Freije, J. M. P., Madeo, F., & Kroemer, G. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
The mechanistic target of rapamycin: the grand conducTOR of metabolism and aging
Kennedy, B. K., & Lamming, D. W. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.009 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Role of mTOR in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
Mao, Z., & Zhang, W. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19072043 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) - Rapamycin and beyondPreprint
Lamming, D. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a025924 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The central moTOR of metabolism
Simcox, J., & Lamming, D. W. (2022) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.024 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Sestrin prevents atrophy of disused and aging muscles by integrating anabolic and catabolic signals
Segalés, J., Perdiguero, E., Serrano, A. L., Sousa-Victor, P., Ortet, L., Jardí, M., Budanov, A. V., Garcia-Prat, L., Sandri, M., Thomson, D. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13832-9 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Janus-faced Sestrin2 controls ROS and mTOR signalling through two separate functional domains
Kim, H., An, S., Ro, S.-H., Teixeira, F., Park, G. J., Kim, C., Cho, C., Kim, J.-S., Jakob, U., Lee, J.-H., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10025 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Sestrins are evolutionarily conserved mediators of exercise benefits
Kim, M., Sujkowski, A. L., Namkoong, S., Gu, B., Cobb, T., Kim, B. Y., Kowalsky, A. H., Cho, C., Semple, I. A., Ro, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13442-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Biochemical Basis Underlying Sestrins’ Physiological Activities
Ho, A., Cho, C., Namkoong, S., Cho, U., & Lee, J.-H. (2016) · TIBS -Trends in Biochemical Sciences. Regular ed · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2016.04.005 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The mTORC2 signaling network: targets and cross-talks
Ragupathi, A., Kim, C., & Jacinto, E. (2024) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20220325 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Activity and Dynamics Changes Regarding Metabolism in Ageing and Obesity
López-Lluch, G. (2017) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.005 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“On the other hand, Sens3 has been recently associated with the activation of mTORC2 and Akt phosphorylation enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in mice (Tao et al., 2015).”
BackgroundThe functions and roles of sestrins in regulating human diseases
Chen, Y., Huang, T., Yu, Z., Yu, Q., Wang, Y., Hu, J., Shi, J., & Yang, G. (2022) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-021-00302-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sestrin Regulation of TORC1: Is Sestrin a Leucine Sensor?
Lee, J.-H., Cho, U., & Karin, M. (2016) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaf2885 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age‐Related Metabolic Disorders
Natarajan, V., Chawla, R., Mah, T. K. L., Vivekanandan, R., Tan, S., Sato, P. Y., & Mallilankaraman, K. B. (2020) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201800404 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Emerging Role of Sestrin2 in Cell Metabolism, and Cardiovascular and Age-Related Diseases
Wanqing, S., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., & Quan, N. (2020) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2019.0320 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Shi, X.-D., Xu, L., Doycheva, D., Tang, J.-P., Yan, M., & Zhang, J. H. (2017) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16656201 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Exploring New Drug Targets for Type 2 Diabetes: Success, Challenges and Opportunities
Kanwal, A., Kanwar, N., Bharati, S., Srivastava, P., Singh, S. P., & Amar, S. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020331 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
mTOR Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Target
Babicheva, A., Makino, A., & Yuan, J. X. ‐. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22042144 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Recent insights into the biological functions of sestrins in health and disease
Wang, M., Xu, Y., Liu, J., Ye, J., Yuan, W., Jiang, H., Wang, Z., Jiang, H., & Wan, J. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000484060 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Sestrins in Physiological Stress Responses
Kim, M., Kowalsky, A. H., & Lee, J. H. (2020) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-092317 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Emerging Roles of Sestrins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Beyond
Chen, S., Yang, J., Lin, T., & Yang, D. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8071001 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Huang, M., Kim, H.-G., Zhong, X., Dong, C., Zhang, B., Fang, Z., Zhang, Y., Lu, X., Saxena, R., Liu, Y., et al. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30820 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationMitochondrial dysfunction in metabolism and ageing: shared mechanisms and outcomes?
López‐Lluch, G., Hernández‐Camacho, J. D., Fernández‐Ayala, D. J. M., & Navas, P. (2018) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-018-9768-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The GATOR2–mTORC2 axis mediates Sestrin2-induced AKT Ser/Thr kinase activation
Kowalsky, A. H., Namkoong, S., Mettetal, E., Park, H.-W., Kazyken, D., Fingar, D., & Lee, J.-H. (2020) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra119.010857 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sestrins as a Therapeutic Bridge between ROS and Autophagy in Cancer
Sánchez-Álvarez, M., Strippoli, R., Donadelli, M., Bazhin, A., & Cordani, M. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11101415 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sestrin2 as a Potential Target for Regulating Metabolic-Related Diseases
Gong, L., Wang, Z., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.751020 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Zeng, N., D’Souza, R. F., Figueiredo, V. C., Markworth, J. F., Roberts, L. A., Peake, J. M., Mitchell, C. J., & Cameron‐Smith, D. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13526 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sundararajan, S., Jayachandran, I., Balasubramanyam, M., Mohan, V., Venkatesan, B. A., & Manickam, N. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.28102 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sensing the Environment Through Sestrins: Implications for Cellular Metabolism
Parmigiani, A., & Budanov, A. V. (2016) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.05.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sestrin family – the stem controlling healthy ageing
Haidurov, A., & Budanov, A. V. (2020) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2020.111379 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
SESTRINs: Emerging Dynamic Stress-Sensors in Metabolic and Environmental Health
Ro, S., Fay, J., Cyuzuzo, C. I., Jang, Y., Lee, N., Song, H., & Harris, E. N. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.603421 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dong, Z., Lin, C., Liu, Y., Jin, H., Wu, H., Li, Z., Sun, L., Zhang, L., Hu, X., Wei, Y., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46307 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sundararajan, S., Jayachandran, I., Subramanian, S. C., Anjana, R. M., Balasubramanyam, M., Mohan, V., Venkatesan, B. A., & Manickam, N. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01429-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Kim, H.-G., Dong, E., Dong, C., Huang, M., Liu, Y., Liangpunsakul, S., & Dong, X. C. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.07.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSestrin-3 modulation is essential for therapeutic efficacy of cucurbitacin B in lung cancer cells
Khan, N., Jajeh, F., Khan, M. I., Mukhtar, E., Shabana, S. M., & Mukhtar, H. (2016) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgw124 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wang, T., Niu, Y., Liu, S., Yuan, H., Liu, X., & Fu, L. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.023 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Quan, N., Li, X., Zhang, J., Han, Y., Sun, W., Ren, D., Tong, Q., & Li, J. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101637 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Protective response of Sestrin under stressful conditions in aging
Rai, N., & Dey, S. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101186 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ding, B., Haidurov, A., Chawla, A. T., Parmigiani, A., van de Kamp, G., Dalina, A. A., Yuan, F., Lee, J. H., Chumakov, P. M., Grossman, S. R., et al. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.27367 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Targeting mTOR Signaling in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Complications
Yang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Jiang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450123666220111115528 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kimball, S., Ravi, S., Gordon, B. S., Dennis, M. D., & Jefferson, L. (2015) · Journal of NutriLife · doi:10.3945/jn.115.215491 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The potential of sestrins as therapeutic targets for diabetes
Dong, X. C. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2015.1044976 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationThe mTOR pathway in Gliomas: From molecular insights to targeted therapies
Pournajaf, S., & Pourgholami, M. H. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118237 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Fang, Z., Kim, H.-G., Huang, M., Chowdhury, K., Li, M. O., Liangpunsakul, S., & Dong, X. C. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.015 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationSestrin2, a Regulator of Thermogenesis and Mitohormesis in Brown Adipose Tissue
Ro, S., Semple, I. A., Ho, A., Park, H., & Lee, J. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00114 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sestrins: Darkhorse in the regulation of mitochondrial health and metabolism
Kumar, A. A., Dhiman, D., & Shaha, C. (2020) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-020-05769-w · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wang, X., Liu, W., Zhuang, D., Hong, S., & Chen, J. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21487 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
de Boer, S. P. M., Baran, Y., García‐García, H. M., Eskin, I., Lenzen, M. J., Kleber, M. E., Regar, E. S., de Jaegere, P. P. T., Ligthart, J. M. R., van Geuns, R., et al. (2018) · EuroIntervention · doi:10.4244/eij-d-17-00180 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Aerobic exercise ameliorates insulin resistance in C57BL/6 J mice via activating Sestrin3
Han, X., Yang, Y., Liu, S., Niu, Y., Shao, H., & Fu, L. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166568 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Influence of anaerobic and aerobic exercise on age-related pathways in skeletal muscle
Navas‐Enamorado, I., Bernier, M., Brea‐Calvo, G., & de Cabo, R. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.04.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sestrins are Gatekeepers in the Way from Stress to Aging and Disease
Dalina, A. A., Kovaleva, I. E., & Budanov, A. V. (2018) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893318060043 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Signal Transduction and Molecular Regulation in Fatty Liver Disease
Dong, X. C., Chowdhury, K., Huang, M., & Kim, H.-G. (2021) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2021.0076 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationHallajzadeh, J., Eslami, R. D., & Tanomand, A. (2020) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-020-09693-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Nakamura, M., Satoh, N., Horita, S., & Nangaku, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1015204 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Role of natural mTOR inhibitors in treatment of diabetes mellitus
Noori, T., Sureda, A., & Shirooie, S. (2022) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.12851 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Liang, L., Rao, E., Zhang, X., Wu, B., Su, X., Chen, L., Nie, R., & Nian, X. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034978 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Ma, X., Zhang, D., Li, B., Gao, N., Li, X., Mei, C., & Zan, L. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133650 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cестрины – шлагбаумы на путях от стресса к старению и болезням
Dalina, A. A., Kovaleva, I. E., & Budanov, A. V. (2018) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026898418060046 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pathological Consequences of Hepatic mTORC1 Dysregulation
Cho, C., Kowalsky, A. H., & Lee, J.-H. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11080896 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Training
Liu, S., Niu, Y., & Fu, L. (2019) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-019-0018-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Adrenoceptor regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin in muscle and adipose tissue
Chia, L. Y., Evans, B. A., Mukaida, S., Bengtsson, T., Hutchinson, D. S., & Sato, M. (2019) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14616 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zeng, N., D'Souza, R., Sorrenson, B., Merry, T., Barnett, M., Mitchell, C., & Cameron-Smith, D. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3853-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ge, L., Xu, M. J., Brant, S. R., Liu, S., Zhu, C., Shang, J., Zhao, Q., & Zhou, F. (2020) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa016 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Soliman, G. A., Shukla, S. K., Etekpo, A., Gunda, V., Steenson, S., Gautam, N., Alnouti, Y., & Singh, P. K. (2020) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzaa131 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Increased Sestrin3 Contributes to Post-ischemic Seizures in the Diabetic Condition
Shi, Z., Lei, Z., Wu, F., Xia, L., Ruan, Y., & Xu, Z. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.591207 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Roberson, P. A., Kincheloe, G. N., Welles, J. E., Xu, D., Sam-Clarke, M., MacLean, P. S., Lang, C. H., Jefferson, L. S., & Kimball, S. R. (2022) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dinç, Y., Demir, A. B., Özkaya, G., & Bakar, M. (2023) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1767764 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Role of sestrins in metabolic and aging-related diseases
Fang, H., Shi, X., Wan, J., & Zhong, X. (2023) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-023-10053-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Immunoregulation: the interplay between metabolism and redox homeostasis
Perpiñán, E., Fueyo, A. S., & Safinia, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Transplantation · doi:10.3389/frtra.2023.1283275 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The multifaceted role of Sestrin 3 (SESN3) in oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis
Chen, Q., Zhong, G., Fang, X., Lin, C., Wang, S., & Li, M. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2025.119938 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
mTORC2: A neglected player in aging regulation
Xu, W., Chen, H., & Xiao, H. (2024) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.31363 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Appenroth, D., West, A. C., Wood, S. H., & Hazlerigg, D. G. (2024) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/s00359-024-01716-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sestrin2 and Sestrin3 protect spermatogenesis against heat-induced meiotic defects
Chen, W., Wang, M., Wang, H., Jiang, Y., Zhu, J., Zeng, X., Xie, H., Yang, Q., & Sun, Y. (2024) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioae042 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Srivastava, R., Zhang, Y., Xiong, X., Zhang, X., Pan, X., Dong, X. C., Liangpunsakul, S., & Janga, S. C. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160228 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationUnlocking the benefits of aerobic exercise for MAFLD: a comprehensive mechanistic analysis
Zhang, B., Hu, Y., Zou, F., Ding, L., & Jiang, M. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-025-07535-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wrońska, A., Zubrzycki, A., & Kmieć, Z. (2022) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000521639 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Modeling microRNA ‐driven post‐transcriptional regulation using exon–intron split analysis in pigs
Mármol‐Sánchez, E., Cirera, S., Zingaretti, L. M., Jacobsen, M. J., Ramayo‐Caldas, Y., Jørgensen, C. B., Fredholm, M., Cardoso, T. F., Quintanilla, R., & Amills, M. (2022) · Animal Genetics · doi:10.1111/age.13238 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhu, R., Yuan, B., Li, Y., Liu, X., Huang, M., Jiao, B., Sun, Y. H., Gao, S., Sun, X., Liu, T., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115174 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sestrin1, 2, and 3 are dispensable for female fertility in mice
Wang, M., Chen, W., Zeng, X., Wang, T., Sun, Y., & Yang, Q. (2024) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-024-01345-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Šimon, M., Mikec, Š., Morton, N. M., Atanur, S. S., Horvat, S., & Kunej, T. (2024) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2024.101903 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, Y., Xiao, P., Boadu, F., Goldkamp, A. K., Nirgude, S., Cheng, J. J., Hagen, D. E., Kalish, J. M., & Rivera, R. M. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.12.14.23299981 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
What’s Diet Got to Do With It? Basic and Clinical Science Behind Diet and Acne
Dodds, M. (2022) · Cutis · doi:10.12788/cutis.0565 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sestrins: a new therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease prevention
Li, C., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2578729 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Protection Against Oxidative Stress During Hibernation
Shemarova, & Nikitina, E. R. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27031319 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Park, M., Cho, S., & Jeong, D. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14010061 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of RapamycinComplex 2 (mTORC2) in Cellular Metabolism
Soliman, G. A. (2015) · Archives of Medicine · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sestrin2 at the crossroads of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: A comprehensive review
Sivakumar, R., Senghor, K. A. A., Vinodhini, V. M., & Kumar, J. S. (2024) · Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100558 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sestryny jako modulatory procesów starzenia i chorób związanych z wiekiem*
Gabryel, B., & Duszkiewicz, R. (2021) · Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.9471 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Role of Sestrins in the Regulation of the Cellular Response to Stress
Budanov, A. V. (2022) · Biology Bulletin Reviews · doi:10.1134/s2079086422040028 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mármol‐Sánchez, E., Cirera, S., Zingaretti, L. M., Jacobsen, M. J., Ramayo‐Caldas, Y., Jørgensen, C. B., Fredholm, M., Cardoso, T. F., Quintanilla, R., & Amills, M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.14.452370
Li, Y., Xiao, P., Boadu, F., Goldkamp, A. K., Nirgude, S., Cheng, J. J., Hagen, D. E., Kalish, J. M., & Rivera, R. M. (2025) · NAR Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1093/narmme/ugaf036 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Liu, Z. L., Zhang, G., Wang, H. Y., Chi, X., Wang, Y., & Xu, B. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15141124
Yu, X., Xiang, S., Jia, T., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Brühl, R., Garavan, H., et al. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100820
Hu, G. H., Chen, Y. F., Bai, W. Y., Huang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, L. R., Zhang, S. M., Chen, J. X., Zhou, J. J., & Zhang, Z. ‐. (2026) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893325605312
Sestrins as Multifunctional Regulators of Cell Viability on the Pathways from Stress to Aging
Haidurov, A., & Budanov, A. V. (2026) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297926601991
- Authors
- Tao, R., Xiong, X., Liangpunsakul, S., & Dong, X. C.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, X. Charlie
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014-11-04
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1211-1223
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC4375082
- OpenAlex
- W2108147307
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K08AA016570)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK091592)
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (1I01CX000361-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- SESN3, mTORC2, Akt phosphorylation, hepatic insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, liver-specific knockout mice, high-fat diet, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2, Sestrins, Adenylate Kinase, Animals, Glucose, Heat-Shock Proteins, Homeostasis, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Mice, Transgenic, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction, Glucose Intolerance, Multiprotein Complexes, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Diet, High-Fat
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review