Exercise-induced changes in metabolic intermediates, hormones, and inflammatory markers associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To understand relationships between exercise training-mediated improvements in insulin sensitivity (S(I)) and changes in circulating concentrations of metabolic intermediates, hormones, and inflammatory mediators. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Targeted mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify metabolic intermediates, hormones, and inflammatory markers at baseline, after 6 months of exercise training, and 2 weeks after exercise training cessation (n = 53). A principal components analysis (PCA) strategy was used to relate changes in these intermediates to changes in S(I). RESULTS: PCA reduced the number of intermediates from 90 to 24 factors composed of biologically related components. With exercise training, improvements in S(I) were associated with reductions in by-products of fatty acid oxidation and increases in glycine and proline (P < 0.05, R² = 0.59); these relationships were retained 15 days after cessation of exercise training (P < 0.05, R² = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: These observations support prior observations in animal models that exercise training promotes more efficient mitochondrial β-oxidation and challenges current hypotheses regarding exercise training and glycine metabolism.
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In rodents as in humans, regular exercise can reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality.
“In rodents as in humans, regular exercise can reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality (Holloszy and Schechtman, 1991; Huffman et al., 2011; Pekkanen et al., 1987; Samorajski et al., 1985).”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Huffman et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Huffman, K. M., Slentz, C. A., Bateman, L. A., Thompson, D., Muehlbauer, M. J., Bain, J. R., Stevens, R. D., Wenner, B. R., Kraus, V. B., Newgard, C. B., & Kraus, W. E.
- Affiliations
- Durham VA Medical Center (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huffman, Kim M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2010-10-04
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 174-176
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3005483
- OpenAlex
- W2163026742
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- John A. Hartford Foundation
- American College of Rheumatology Research and Education Foundation
- Hartford Foundation for Public Giving
- East Carolina University
- National Institutes of Health (028716)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG028930, AG-028930-01, P30AG028716)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL057354)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K23AR054904)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- exercise training, insulin sensitivity, metabolic intermediates, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial beta-oxidation, glycine metabolism, proline, inflammatory markers, exercise cessation, circulating hormones
- MeSH terms
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Hormones, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers, Exercise, Principal Component Analysis
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