Effect of the volume and intensity of exercise training on insulin sensitivity
Abstract
Physical activity enhances insulin action in obese/overweight individuals. However, the exercise prescription required for the optimal enhancement is not known. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training consisting of vigorous-intensity activity would enhance insulin sensitivity more substantially than moderate-intensity activity. Sedentary, overweight/obese subjects (n = 154) were randomly assigned to either control or an exercise group for 6 mo: 1) low-volume/moderate-intensity group [ approximately 12 miles walking/wk at 40-55% peak O2 consumption (Vo2 peak)], 2) low-volume/high-intensity group ( approximately 12 miles jogging/wk at 65-80% Vo2 peak), and 3) high-volume/high-intensity group ( approximately 20 miles jogging/wk at 65-80% Vo2 peak). Training volume (miles/wk) was achieved by exercising approximately 115 min/wk (low-volume/high-intensity group) or approximately 170 min/wk (low-volume/moderate-intensity and high-volume/high-intensity groups). Insulin action was measured with an insulin sensitivity index (SI) from an intravenous glucose tolerance test. In the control group, there was a decrement (P < 0.05) in SI. In contrast, all the exercise groups significantly (P < 0.05) increased SI; the relative increment in the low-volume/moderate-intensity and high-volume/high-intensity groups ( approximately 85%) were greater than in the low-volume/high-intensity group ( approximately 40%). In conclusion, physical activity encompassing a wide range of intensity and volume minimizes the insulin resistance that develops with a sedentary lifestyle. However, an exercise prescription that incorporated approximately 170 min of exercise/wk improved insulin sensitivity more substantially than a program utilizing approximately 115 min of exercise/wk, regardless of exercise intensity and volume. Total exercise duration should thus be considered when designing training programs with the intent of improving insulin action.
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Twelve markers that increase risk of chronic diseases became worse in the 6-month inactive control group, including increases in body weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, VAT, total abdominal fat, fasting insulin, LDL particle number, small dense LDL, and LDL-cholesterol, and decreases in insulin sensitivity and fitness.
“Twelve markers that increase the risk of chronic diseases became worse in the 6-month inactive “control group”, including increases in body weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, VAT, total abdominal fat, fasting insulin, LDL particle number, small dense LDL and LDL-cholesterol; and decreases in insulin sensitivity, and fitness (35, 153, 246, 257, 284, 481).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [246]
Exercise training can significantly improve insulin sensitivity.
“Exercise training can significantly improve insulin sensitivity.102”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Houmard, J. A., Tanner, C. J., Slentz, C. A., Duscha, B. D., McCartney, J. S., & Kraus, W. E.
- Affiliations
- East Carolina University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-106
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2167485048
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 16.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL 57354, R01HL057354)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- insulin sensitivity, exercise training, exercise intensity, exercise volume, insulin resistance, obesity, overweight, sedentary lifestyle, exercise prescription, moderate-intensity exercise, high-intensity exercise, walking, jogging, insulin sensitivity index
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Risk Reduction Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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