Exercise Training Modulates Gut Microbiota Profile and Improves Endotoxemia
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Intestinal metabolism and microbiota profiles are impaired in obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, dysbiotic gut microbiota has been suggested to promote systemic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance through the release of endotoxins particularly lipopolysaccharides. We have previously shown that exercise training improves intestinal metabolism in healthy men. To understand whether changes in intestinal metabolism interact with gut microbiota and its release of inflammatory markers, we studied the effects of sprint interval (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intestinal metabolism and microbiota in subjects with insulin resistance. Methods: Twenty-six, sedentary subjects (prediabetic, n = 9; type 2 diabetes, n = 17; age, 49 [SD, 4] yr; body mass index, 30.5 [SD, 3]) were randomized into SIT or MICT. Intestinal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fatty acid uptake (FAU) from circulation were measured using positron emission tomography. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum inflammatory markers with multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Results: V˙O 2peak improved only after SIT ( P = 0.01). Both training modes reduced systematic and intestinal inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide binding protein) (time P < 0.05). Training modified microbiota profile by increasing Bacteroidetes phylum (time P = 0.03) and decreasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (time P = 0.04). Moreover, there was a decrease in Clostridium genus (time P = 0.04) and Blautia (time P = 0.051). Only MICT decreased jejunal FAU ( P = 0.02). Training had no significant effect on intestinal GU. Colonic GU associated positively with Bacteroidetes and inversely with Firmicutes phylum, ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and Blautia genus. Conclusions: Intestinal substrate uptake associates with gut microbiota composition and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Exercise training improves gut microbiota profiles and reduces endotoxemia.
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Lower abundance of Blautia genus was associated with better whole-body insulin sensitivity.
“lower abundance of Blautia genus was associated with better whole-body insulin sensitivity.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
In that acute exercise study, Bacteroidetes increased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased.
“Bacteroidetes increased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
In insulin resistant, sedentary individuals, both high intensity interval and moderate continuous training affected the gut microbiota following a 2-week exercise intervention.
“both high intensity interval and moderate continuous training affected the gut microbiota in insulin resistant, sedentary individuals following a 2-week exercise intervention [109].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
In that acute exercise study, there was a decrease in Clostridium and Blautia genera.
“There was also a decrease in Clostridium and Blautia genera.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
These results highlight the importance of intestinal substrate uptake on the whole body, and changes especially in glucose uptake might have a positive effect on the gut microbiota.
“These results highlight the importance of intestinal substrate uptake on the whole-body and changes, especially in glucose uptake, might have a positive effect on the gut microbiota.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
Colonic glucose concentrations associated positively with Bacteroidetes and inversely with Firmicutes phylum, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and Blautia genus.
“colonic glucose concentrations associated positively with Bacteroidetes and inversely with Firmicutes phylum, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and Blautia genus.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- MOTIANI, K. K., COLLADO, M. C., ESKELINEN, J.-J., VIRTANEN, K. A., LÖYTTYNIEMI, E., SALMINEN, S., NUUTILA, P., KALLIOKOSKI, K. K., & HANNUKAINEN, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Turku University Hospital (FI)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2019-08-19
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 94-104
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0315
- PMC
- PMC7028471
- OpenAlex
- W2969245839
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- exercise training, gut microbiota, endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, sprint interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training, intestinal glucose absorption, fatty acid uptake, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, Blautia, Clostridium, low-grade inflammation, intestinal metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein, Acute-Phase Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Obesity, Oxygen Consumption, Prediabetic State, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Body Mass Index, Endotoxemia, Physical Conditioning, Human
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