Risk Factors for Hearing Impairment Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the risk factors of low/mid-frequency and high-frequency hearing impairment among a nationally representative sample of diabetic adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data came from 536 participants, aged 20–69 years, with diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes who completed audiometric testing during 1999–2004 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We defined hearing impairment as the pure-tone average >25 dB hearing level of pure-tone thresholds at low/mid-frequencies (500; 1,000; and 2,000 Hz) and high frequencies (3,000; 4,000; 6,000; and 8,000 Hz) and identified independent risk factors using logistic regression. RESULTS: Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and marital status, odds ratios for associations with low/mid-frequency hearing impairment were 2.20 (95% CI 1.28–3.79) for HDL <40 mg/dL and 3.55 (1.57–8.03) for poor health. Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, sex, and income-to-poverty ratio, odds ratios for associations with high-frequency hearing impairment were 4.39 (1.26–15.26) for history of coronary heart disease and 4.42 (1.26–15.45) for peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Low HDL, coronary heart disease, peripheral neuropathy, and having poor health are potentially preventable correlates of hearing impairment for people with diabetes. Glycemic control, years since diagnosis, and type of glycemic medication were not associated with hearing impairment.
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Hearing impairment involving both high and low/mid frequency sound is about twice as prevalent in people with diabetes, even after controlling for age.
“Hearing impairment involving both high and low/mid frequency sound is about twice as prevalent in people with diabetes, even after controlling for age82 and may be linked to both vascular disease and neuropathy83.”
From Diabetes in Older Adults: A Consensus Report (2012) · cites this paper as [82]
Hearing impairment may be linked to both vascular disease and neuropathy.
“Hearing impairment involving both high and low/mid frequency sound is about twice as prevalent in people with diabetes, even after controlling for age82 and may be linked to both vascular disease and neuropathy83.”
From Diabetes in Older Adults: A Consensus Report (2012) · cites this paper as [83]
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Self-Reported Type 2 Diabetes and the Rate of Hearing Decline in Aging
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Nicht durch Lärm hervorgerufener Hörverlust verschiedener Ursachen
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- Authors
- Bainbridge, K. E., Hoffman, H. J., & Cowie, C. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bainbridge, Kathleen E.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2011-06-17
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1540-1545
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3120175
- OpenAlex
- W2167400331
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (HHSN267200700001C)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (HHSN267200700001G)
- U.S. National Library of Medicine (HHSN267200700001G)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, hearing loss, risk factors, low-frequency hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss, HDL cholesterol, coronary artery disease, peripheral neuropathy, poor health, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Risk Factors, United States, Hearing Loss, Diabetes Complications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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