CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 113Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and ResearchSex and Gender in Healthcare

Sex Differences in All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, Hospitalization for Individuals With and Without Diabetes, and Patients With Diabetes Diagnosed Early and Late

Open access
Roche, Madonna M., Wang, Peizhong Peter·2013·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/dc12-1272PMC PMC3747934
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality, stroke mortality, and hospitalizations for males and females with and without diabetes and those with diabetes diagnosed early and late. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study including 73,783 individuals aged 25 years or older in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (15,152 with diabetes; 9,517 with late diagnoses). RESULTS: Males and females with diabetes had an increased risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, AMI mortality, and CVD hospitalizations compared with individuals without diabetes, and the risk was stronger in females than in males. For females, risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.85 [95% CI 1.74-1.96]) and CVD hospitalizations (2.57 [2.24-2.94]) were significantly higher compared with their male counterparts (1.59 [1.51-1.69] and 1.92 [1.72-2.14]). Females with diabetes diagnosed late had an increased risk of CVD mortality (6.54 [4.80-8.91]) and CVD hospitalizations (5.22 [4.31-6.33]) compared with females without diabetes, and both were significantly higher compared with their male counterparts (3.44 [2.47-4.79]) and (3.33 [2.80-3.95]). CONCLUSIONS: Females with diabetes have a greater risk of mortality than males with diabetes. CVD has a greater impact on females with diabetes than males, especially when diagnosed at a later stage. Different management strategies should be considered for males and females and those with early and late diagnoses of diabetes.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/dc12-1272

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Females with T2DM face a higher all-cause mortality and a higher CVD-related morbidity and mortality.

    “They also face a higher all-cause mortality and a higher CVD-related morbidity and mortality [16].”

    From Sex Differences in Response to Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: Opportunities for a Tailored Approach to Diabetes and Obesity Care (2022) · cites this paper as [16]

    The Results and Conclusions report higher all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and CVD hospitalizations among females with diabetes, particularly relative to females without diabetes. However, the Limitations section says the study could not distinguish type 1 from type 2 diabetes, so it does not establish these findings specifically for females with T2DM. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Females with type 2 diabetes exhibit a worse prognosis than men, showing higher cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality.

    “On the other hand, females with T2D exhibit a worse prognosis than men showing higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and all-cause and CVD-related mortality [79,81].”

    From Adipose Tissue: A Novel Target of the Incretin Axis? A Paradigm Shift in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance (2024) · cites this paper as [81]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Roche, M. M., & Wang, P. P.
Affiliations
  • Research and Evaluation Department, Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Health Information, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
  • Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Corresponding author
Roche, Madonna M.
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2013-08-13
Volume
36
Issue
9
Pages
2582-2590
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/dc12-1272
PMC
PMC3747934
OpenAlex
W2148557451
Cited by
113
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 1
FWCI
8.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Keywords
sex differences, diabetes mellitus, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular hospitalization, delayed diagnosis, women with diabetes
MeSH terms
Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review