The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS)
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—To describe the 1) lifestyle intervention used in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, 2) short- and long-term changes in diet and exercise behavior, and 3) effect of the intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—There were 522 middle-aged, overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance who were randomized to either a usual care control group or an intensive lifestyle intervention group. The control group received general dietary and exercise advice at baseline and had an annual physician’s examination. The subjects in the intervention group received additional individualized dietary counseling from a nutritionist. They were also offered circuit-type resistance training sessions and advised to increase overall physical activity. The intervention was the most intensive during the first year, followed by a maintenance period. The intervention goals were to reduce body weight, reduce dietary and saturated fat, and increase physical activity and dietary fiber. RESULTS—The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in each intervention goal. After 1 and 3 years, weight reductions were 4.5 and 3.5 kg in the intervention group and 1.0 and 0.9 kg in the control group, respectively. Measures of glycemia and lipemia improved more in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS—The intensive lifestyle intervention produced long-term beneficial changes in diet, physical activity, and clinical and biochemical parameters and reduced diabetes risk. This type of intervention is a feasible option to prevent type 2 diabetes and should be implemented in the primary health care system.
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The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study reported a decreased 3-year risk of diabetes by 58% in participants with prediabetes randomized to a lifestyle intervention promoting increased MVPA and healthy dietary changes.
“Similarly, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (FDPS) also reported a decreased 3-year risk of diabetes by 58% in participants with prediabetes who were randomized to a lifestyle intervention promoting increased MVPA (≥150 min per week) and healthy dietary changes [ 91 , 94 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [94]
The introduction reports a 58% reduction in diabetes risk in the intensive lifestyle group, and the Methods describe randomizing overweight participants with impaired glucose tolerance to an intervention targeting diet and physical activity. The stated activity goal was at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per day, not the cited ≥150 minutes per week; the paper also reports diabetes incidence over the first three years. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe composite outcome, as defined by CDC 2021 standards, comprises elements each associated with reduced risk of progression to diabetes.
“The composite outcome, as defined by the CDC in its 2021 standards,29 comprises elements that have each been associated with reduced risk of progression to diabetes.30-34”
From An AI-Powered Lifestyle Intervention vs Human Coaching in the Diabetes Prevention Program: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
The Background for lifestyle intervention section lists weight loss, physical activity, lower dietary fat and saturated fat, and higher fiber as goals based on evidence about diabetes risk factors. The Results and Conclusions report reduced diabetes incidence with the combined intervention, but do not establish that each component of the citing paper’s composite outcome was individually associated with reduced progression risk. The CDC definition is attached to a different citation, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe strongest evidence for type 2 diabetes prevention comes from several studies, including the DPP.
“The strongest evidence for type 2 diabetes prevention comes from several studies, including the DPP (26 -28).”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
Regular physical activity improves cardiovascular risk factors and lowers risk of other chronic diseases.
“Regular physical activity improves cardiovascular risk factors (BP, lipid profiles, and blood sugar) and lowers the risk of developing other chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, depression, and cancer of the breast and colon.25”
From Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee (2006) · cites this paper as [25]
Programs such as the Diabetes Prevention Program or similarly modeled intensive lifestyle intervention programs provide the strongest evidence for T2DM prevention.
“Programs such as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) or similarly modeled intensive lifestyle intervention programs provide the strongest evidence for T2DM prevention [102–104].”
From Benefits of low carbohydrate diets: a settled question or still controversial? (2021) · cites this paper as [103]
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- Authors
- Lindström, J., Louheranta, A., Mannelin, M., Rastas, M., Salminen, V., Eriksson, J., Uusitupa, M., Tuomilehto, J., & for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group
- Affiliations
- Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Oulu Deaconess Institute (FI)
- Social Insurance Institution (FI)
- Institute of Nursing and Health Care, Tampere, Finland
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-12-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3230-3236
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2095645712
- Cited by
- 1,848
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 128 · 2012: 118
- FWCI
- 43.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Novo Nordisk
- Diabetestutkimussäätiö
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, type 2 diabetes prevention, lifestyle intervention, impaired glucose tolerance, overweight, weight loss, nutrition counseling, resistance training, physical activity, dietary fat, dietary fiber, glycemia, lipemia, primary care
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Fats, Educational Status, Employment, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Obesity, Patient Education as Topic, Physical Examination, Time Factors, Exercise
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