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Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach: Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
In 2012, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) published a position statement on the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (1,2). This was needed because of an increasing array of antihyperglycemic drugs and growing uncertainty regarding their proper selection and sequence. Because of a paucity of comparative effectiveness research on long-term treatment outcomes with many of these medications, the 2012 publication was less prescriptive than prior consensus reports. We previously described the need to individualize both treatment targets and treatment strategies, with an emphasis on patient-centered care and shared decision making, and this continues to be our position, although there are now more head-to-head trials that show slight variance between agents with regard to glucose-lowering effects. Nevertheless, these differences are often small and would be unlikely to reflect any definite differential effect in an individual patient. The ADA and EASD have requested an update to the position statement incorporating new data from recent clinical trials. Between June and September of 2014, the Writing Group reconvened, including one face-to-face meeting, to discuss the changes. An entirely new statement was felt to be unnecessary. Instead, the group focused on those areas where revisions were suggested by a changing evidence base. This briefer article should therefore be read as an addendum to the previous full account (1,2). Glucose control remains a major focus in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, this should always be in the context of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor reduction program, to include smoking cessation and the adoption of other healthy lifestyle habits, blood pressure control, lipid management with priority to statin medications, and, in some circumstances, antiplatelet therapy. Studies have conclusively determined that reducing hyperglycemia decreases the onset and progression of …
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“Strong evidence supports the ef fi cacy and cost-effectiveness of nutrition therapy as a component of quality diabetes care, including its integration into the medical management of diabetes”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
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Cites
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10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
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Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A. L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R., & Matthews, D. R. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2534-0 · Cited by 3,919
Self-citationSaxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Scirica, B. M., Bhatt, D. L., Braunwald, E., Steg, P. G., Davidson, J., Hirshberg, B., Ohman, P., Frederich, R., Wiviott, S. D., Hoffman, E. B., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1307684 · Cited by 3,470
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach
Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A. L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R., & Matthews, D. R. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0413 · Cited by 3,207
Self-citationAlogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes
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2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 · Cited by 6,457
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Metadata
- Authors
- Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A. L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R., & Matthews, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale New Haven Hospital (US)
- Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg (DE)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Second Medical Department, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- American Cancer Society (US)
- Churchill Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Inzucchi, Silvio E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014-12-13
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 140-149
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2160088494
- Cited by
- 3,066
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 202 · 2019: 313 · 2018: 482 · 2017: 545 · 2016: 540 · 2015: 325 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 380.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Yale University
- Kaiser Permanente
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche
- Case Western Reserve University
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
- Intarcia Therapeutics
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- University of Sydney
- Universiteit van Amsterdam
- University of Toronto
- Novo Nordisk
- Uniwersytet Łódzki
- European Association for the Study of Diabetes
- Université de Nantes
- Servier
- Lilly Deutschland
- University of Ioannina
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia management, antidiabetic drugs, patient-centered care, shared decision-making, glucose-lowering agents, cardiovascular risk reduction, smoking cessation, blood pressure control, lipid control, statins, antiplatelet therapy, lifestyle modification
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Combinations, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Metformin, United States, Disease Management, Glycemic Index, Thiazolidinediones, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
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