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Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach: Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes

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Inzucchi, Silvio E., Bergenstal, Richard M., Buse, John B., Diamant, Michaela, Ferrannini, Ele, Nauck, Michael, Peters, Anne L., Tsapas, Apostolos, Wender, Richard, Matthews, David R.·2015·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc14-2441

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Abstract

In 2012, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) published a position statement on the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (1,2). This was needed because of an increasing array of antihyperglycemic drugs and growing uncertainty regarding their proper selection and sequence. Because of a paucity of comparative effectiveness research on long-term treatment outcomes with many of these medications, the 2012 publication was less prescriptive than prior consensus reports. We previously described the need to individualize both treatment targets and treatment strategies, with an emphasis on patient-centered care and shared decision making, and this continues to be our position, although there are now more head-to-head trials that show slight variance between agents with regard to glucose-lowering effects. Nevertheless, these differences are often small and would be unlikely to reflect any definite differential effect in an individual patient. The ADA and EASD have requested an update to the position statement incorporating new data from recent clinical trials. Between June and September of 2014, the Writing Group reconvened, including one face-to-face meeting, to discuss the changes. An entirely new statement was felt to be unnecessary. Instead, the group focused on those areas where revisions were suggested by a changing evidence base. This briefer article should therefore be read as an addendum to the previous full account (1,2). Glucose control remains a major focus in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, this should always be in the context of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor reduction program, to include smoking cessation and the adoption of other healthy lifestyle habits, blood pressure control, lipid management with priority to statin medications, and, in some circumstances, antiplatelet therapy. Studies have conclusively determined that reducing hyperglycemia decreases the onset and progression of …

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Authors: Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A. L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R., & Matthews, D. R.
Affiliations: Yale New Haven Hospital (US)
Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
University of Pisa (IT)
Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg (DE)
University of Southern California (US)
Second Medical Department, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
American Cancer Society (US)
Churchill Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Inzucchi, Silvio E.
ORCID: Inzucchi, Silvio E.
Bergenstal, Richard M.
Buse, John B.
Ferrannini, Ele
Nauck, Michael
Peters, Anne L.
Wender, Richard
Matthews, David R.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2014-12-13
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Pages: 140-149
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2441
OpenAlex: W2160088494
Cited by: 3,066
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 202 · 2019: 313 · 2018: 482 · 2017: 545 · 2016: 540 · 2015: 325 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 380.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
pure.amsterdamumc.nl
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Bristol-Myers Squibb
Eli Lilly and Company
AstraZeneca
GlaxoSmithKline
Sanofi
Massachusetts General Hospital
Yale University
Kaiser Permanente
F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
Intarcia Therapeutics
National Institute for Health and Care Research
University of Sydney
Universiteit van Amsterdam
University of Toronto
Novo Nordisk
Uniwersytet Łódzki
European Association for the Study of Diabetes
Université de Nantes
Servier
Lilly Deutschland
University of Ioannina
School of Medicine, University of Kansas
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia management, antidiabetic drugs, patient-centered care, shared decision-making, glucose-lowering agents, cardiovascular risk reduction, smoking cessation, blood pressure control, lipid control, statins, antiplatelet therapy, lifestyle modification
MeSH terms: Clinical Trials as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Combinations, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Metformin, United States, Disease Management, Glycemic Index, Thiazolidinediones, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors

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Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach: Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes

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