Hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises among u.S. Adults with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease: Population-based study, 2013-2017
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We characterized annual trends of severe hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises (diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state) in patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a nationwide, retrospective study of adults (≥18 years old) with diabetes/ESKD, from the United States Renal Data System registry, between 2013 and 2017. Primary outcome was annual rates of emergency department visits or hospitalizations for hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises, reported as number of events/1,000 person-years. Event rates and risk factors were adjusted for patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, dialysis modality, comorbidities, treatment regimen, and U.S. region. RESULTS: Among 521,789 adults with diabetes/ESKD (median age 65 years [interquartile range 57–73], 56.1% male, and 46% White), overall adjusted rates of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic crises were 53.64 and 18.24 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. For both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia crises, respectively, the risks decreased with age and were lowest in older patients (≥75 vs. 18–44 years old: incidence rate ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.33–0.37, and 0.03, 0.02–0.03), women (1.09, 1.06–1.12, and 1.44, 1.35–1.54), and those with smoking (1.36, 1.28–1.43, and 1.71, 1.53–1.91), substance abuse (1.27, 1.15–1.42, and 1.53, 1.23–1.9), retinopathy (1.10, 1.06–1.15, and 1.36, 1.26–1.47), and insulin therapy (vs. no therapy; 0.60, 0.59–0.63, and 0.44, 0.39–0.48). For hypoglycemia, specifically, additional risk was conferred by Black race (1.11, 1.08–1.15) and amputation history (1.20, 1.13–1.27). CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide study of patients with diabetes/ESKD, hypoglycemic crises were threefold more common than hyperglycemic crises, greatly exceeding national reports in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Young, Black, and female patients were disproportionately affected.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hypoglycemia from severe systemic illness (spontaneous hypoglycemia), not insulin-induced hypoglycemia, is linked to higher inpatient mortality and complications.
“Hypoglycemia resulting from severe systemic illness (spontaneous hypoglycemia), rather than insulin-induced hypoglycemia, is associated with increased risk of inpatient mortality and complications.1366–1368”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1366]
The Study Outcomes section tracks emergency visits and hospitalizations for glycemic crises, and the Conclusions discuss their frequency and risk factors in adults with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease. Searches for spontaneous hypoglycemia, severe systemic illness, and inpatient mortality found no passage comparing illness-related with insulin-induced hypoglycemia or reporting their relative inpatient outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
KDIGO 2020 Clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease
de Boer, I. H., Caramori, M. L., Chan, J. C. N., Heerspink, H. J. L., Hurst, C., Khunti, K., Liew, A., Michos, E. D., Navaneethan, S. D., Olowu, W. A., et al. (2020) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.019 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works
Seaquist, E. R., Anderson, J., Childs, B., Cryer, P., Dagogo-Jack, S., Fish, L., Heller, S. R., Rodriguez, H., Rosenzweig, J., & Vigersky, R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2480 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Diabetic kidney disease: a report from an ADA Consensus Conference
Tuttle, K. R., Bakris, G. L., Bilous, R. W., Chiang, J. L., de Boer, I. H., Goldstein-Fuchs, J., Hirsch, I. B., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Narva, A. S., Navaneethan, S. D., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-1296 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Primary Care Physicians Who Treat Blacks and Whites
Bach, P. B., Pham, H. H., Schrag, D., Tate, R. C., & Hargraves, J. L. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa040609 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
6. Glycemic Targets: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s006 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T. D., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Haller, S., Kruger, D., McGill, J. B., Polonsky, W., Price, D., Aronoff, S., et al. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-2855 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Martens, T., Beck, R. W., Bailey, R., Ruedy, K. J., Calhoun, P., Peters, A. L., Pop-Busui, R., Philis-Tsimikas, A., Bao, S., Umpierrez, G., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7444 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Self-citationFrequency of hypoglycemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease
Moen, M. F., Zhan, M., Hsu, V. D., Walker, L. D., Einhorn, L. M., Seliger, S. L., & Fink, J. C. (2009) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.00800209 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Lipska, K. J., Ross, J. S., Wang, Y., Inzucchi, S. E., Minges, K. E., Karter, A. J., Huang, E. S., Desai, M. M., Gill, T. M., & Krumholz, H. M. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1824 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Wu, B., Bell, K. F., Stanford, A. H., Kern, D. M., Tunceli, O., Vupputuri, S. X., Kalsekar, I. D., & Willey, V. J. (2016) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000154 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Glycemic Monitoring and Management in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Galindo, R. J., Beck, R. W., Scioscia, M. F., Umpierrez, G. E., & Tuttle, K. R. (2020) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa017 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationRoussel, R., Riveline, J.-P., Vicaut, E., de Pouvourville, G., Detournay, B., Emery, C., Levrat-Guillen, F., & Guerci, B. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-1690 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Pasquel, F. J., Tsegka, K., Wang, H., Cardona, S., Galindo, R. J., Fayfman, M., Davis, G., Vellanki, P., Migdal, A., Gujral, U., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1168 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCoy, R. G., Lipska, K. J., Van Houten, H. K., & Shah, N. D. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.19099 · Cited by 141 · cited 6× · see citing works
“We specifically examined comorbidities previously reported to be associated with increased risk of diabetes crises (14,16): substance abuse, amputation, atherosclerotic or ischemic heart disease (ASCVD), cancer, heart failure (HF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, retinopat…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationPathak, R. D., Schroeder, E. B., Seaquist, E. R., Zeng, C., Lafata, J. E., Thomas, A., Desai, J., Waitzfelder, B., Nichols, G. A., Lawrence, J. M., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0858 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring: The achievement of 100 years of innovation in diabetes technology
Galindo, R. J., & Aleppo, G. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108502 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationKwakkenbos, L., Imran, M., McCall, S. J., McCord, K. A., Fröbert, O., Hemkens, L. G., Zwarenstein, M., Relton, C., Rice, D. B., Langan, S., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n857 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
LACY, M. E., Gilsanz, P., Eng, C. W., Beeri, M. S., Karter, A. J., & Whitmer, R. A. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0906 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Lee, A. K., Lee, C. J., Huang, E. S., Sharrett, A. R., Coresh, J., & Selvin, E. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-0819 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
McCoy, R. G., Houten, H. K. V., Deng, Y., Karaca‐Mandic, P., Ross, J. S., Montori, V. M., & Shah, N. D. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.35792 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCoy, R. G., Galindo, R. J., Swarna, K. S., Van Houten, H. K., O’Connor, P. J., Umpierrez, G. E., & Shah, N. D. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23471 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Meijel, L. A., de Vegt, F., Abbink, E. J., Rutters, F., Schram, M. T., van der Klauw, M. M., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Siegelaar, S. E., DeVries, J. H., Sijbrands, E. J. G., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000935 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Karter, A. J., Lipska, K. J., O’Connor, P. J., Liu, J. Y., Moffet, H. H., Schroeder, E. B., Lawrence, J. M., Nichols, G. A., Newton, K. M., Pathak, R. D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.02.009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Galindo, R. J., Pasquel, F. J., Fayfman, M., TSEGKA, K. G., Dhruv, N., Cardona, S., Wang, H., Vellanki, P., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2020) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000763 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationHypoglycemia in Hospitalized Hemodialysis Patients With Diabetes: An Observational Study
Gianchandani, R. Y., Neupane, S., & Heung, M. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296817747620 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Sun, C., Lee, C., & Wu, K. (2009) · Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis · doi:10.1111/j.1744-9987.2009.00662.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Galindo, R. J., Pasquel, F. J., Vellanki, P., Zambrano, C., Albury, B. S., Perez‐Guzman, M. C., Zheng, Z., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab126 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blonde, L., Umpierrez, G. E., Reddy, S. S., McGill, J. B., Berga, S. L., Bush, M., Chandrasekaran, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Self-citation6. Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., Lingvay, I., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s006 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Self-citation6. Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s006 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citation6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s006 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationKaminski, C. Y., Galindo, R. J., Navarrete, J. E., Zabala, Z. E., Moazzami, B., Gerges, A., McCoy, R. G., Fayfman, M., Vellanki, P., Idrees, T., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-1276 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous Glucose Monitoring to Optimize Management of Diabetes in Patients with Advanced CKD
Galindo, R. J., de Boer, I. H., Neumiller, J. J., & Tuttle, K. R. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04510422 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationConsensus Report on the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Rhee, C. M., Gianchandani, R. Y., Kerr, D. E., Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Kovesdy, C. P., Stanton, R. C., Drincic, A., Galindo, R. J., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Neumiller, J. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241292041 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes technology in people with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease
Galindo, R. J., Soliman, D., Cherñavvsky, D. R., & Rhee, C. M. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06244-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationGlycemic Management and Individualized Diabetes Care in Dialysis-Dependent Kidney Failure
Klein, K. R., Lingvay, I., Tuttle, K. R., & Flythe, J. E. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci24-0081 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Glycemia Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring among People Treated with Maintenance Dialysis
de Boer, I. H., Anderson, L. D., Ashford, N. K., Ayers, E., Bansal, N., Hall, Y. N., Hirsch, I. B., Hoofnagle, A. N., Hsu, S., Jones, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000693 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Jiang, D. H., Herrin, J., Van Houten, H. K., & McCoy, R. G. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50602 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationHannah, K. L., Nemlekar, P. M., Johnson, M. L., Cherñavvsky, D. R., & Norman, G. J. (2024) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0000000000000396 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Klein, K. R., Pate, V., Assimon, M. M., Stürmer, T., Buse, J. B., & Flythe, J. E. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0659 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Galindo, R. J., Moazzami, B., Tuttle, K. R., Bergenstal, R. M., Peng, L., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2024) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2024.0145 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationYoon, S.-Y., Kim, J. S., Ko, G. J., Choi, Y., Moon, J.-Y., Jeong, K. H., & Hwang, H. S. (2024) · Kidney Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.23876/j.krcp.23.098 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chaudhry, K., Hyslop, R., Johnston, T., Pender, S., Hussain, S., & Karalliedde, J. J. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111800 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Galindo, R. J., Moazzami, B., Gerges, A., FLORES, I. C., Arevalo, G., Peng, L., Tuttle, K. R., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf187 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictive factors of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using machine learning
Shabestari, M., Mehrabbeik, A., Barbieri, S., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Heshmati-Nasab, P., & Azizi, R. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03030-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Vonna, A., Salahudeen, M. S., & Peterson, G. M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020530 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mellor, J., Kuznetsov, D., Heller, S. R., Gall, M.-A., Rosilio, M., Amiel, S. A., Ibberson, M. R., McGurnaghan, S. J., Blackbourn, L. A. K., Berthon, W., et al. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06177-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Diabetes and Glucose Management in People on Hemodialysis
Agarwal, S., Mader, J. K., Arevalo, G., Avula, S., Chavez, E., Sloan, L. A., & Galindo, R. J. (2025) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/dsi24-0015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationZelnick, L. R., Trikudanathan, S., Hall, Y. N., Ayers, E., Anderson, L., Ashford, N. K., Jones, E., Hoofnagle, A. N., de Boer, I. H., & Hirsch, I. B. (2025) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/15209156251368934 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Galindo, R. J., Inselman, S. A., Umpierrez, G. E., Moazzami, B., Mendoza, J. M., Ali, M. K., Tuttle, K. R., & McCoy, R. G. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-0554 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationEbert, T., Sattar, N., Greig, M., Lamina, C., Froissart, M., Eckardt, K., Floege, J., Kronenberg, F., Stenvinkel, P., Wheeler, D. C., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.05.010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
He, R., Zhang, K., Li, H., Fu, S., Chen, Z., & Gu, M. (2024) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.14005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chen, J., Chan, M., Fan, P., Tsai, T.-Y., Yen, C., Hsiao, C.-C., Lee, C., Lin, C., Chen, Y., Yang, C.-W., et al. (2024) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2024.12.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sidra, F. N. U., Agarwal, S., Pastor, P. L., Xie, D., Li, X., & Lingvay, I. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108925 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Klein, K. R., & Flythe, J. E. (2022) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0003752022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Habte‐Asres, H. H., Suglo, J. N., Chaudhry, K., Forbes, A., Wheeler, D. C., & Karalliedde, J. J. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968251353811 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McGown, P., Papanikolaou, N., El-Taraboulsi, J., Britton, C., Iqtidar, J., Chaudhry, K., Ng, S., Jethwa, K., Patel, J., Reed, J., et al. (2025) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70174 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Safety of Semaglutide After Dialysis Initiation: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis
Klein, K. R., Menacher, A., Buse, J. B., Mann, J. F. E., Tuttle, K. R., Kvist, K., Andersen, M. R., Mayrdorfer, M., & Lingvay, I. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-0112 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Advanced biomaterials for diabetes healthcare and complication therapy: A review
Wang, G., Liao, W., Han, F., Shi, Y., & Hu, Z. (2024) · APL Materials · doi:10.1063/5.0237243 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bhagra, S., Ducharme‐Smith, A., Juntunen, M. B., Liedl, C. P., Golembiewski, E. H., Sundt, W. J. S., Krpata, T. S., Lampman, M. A., Espinoza, A. L., & McCoy, R. R. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322177 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous glucose monitoring in high-risk individuals
Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Sun, L., & Guo, W. (2025) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120733 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Longitudinal multimorbidity trajectories shape personalized glycaemic patterns
Zhang, K., Chen, J., Yan, Y., Wang, H., Miao, Z., Gou, W., Xiao, C., Shi, R., Jia, X. F., Du, W., et al. (2026) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01512-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease
Garibotto, G., Russo, E., Viazzi, F. C., & Moore, L. W. (2024) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2024.05.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development of Transdermal Drug Delivery Approaches to Combat Diabetes: An Update
Singhal, P., Mazumder, R., Rani, A., & Debnath, A. (2025) · Current Drug Metabolism · doi:10.2174/0113892002382343250917074945 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Abuali, A., Ghanim, M., Qubbaj, R., Jayousi, S., Hijaz, H., & Shawahna, R. (2026) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2026.2646415 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Galindo, R. J., Moazzami, B., Gerges, A., Flores, I., Arevalo, G., Peng, L., de Boer, I. H., Tuttle, K. R., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-0404 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationde Boer, I. H., & Hirsch, I. B. (2023) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000000000000125
Mikrovaskuläre Komplikationen bei Diabetes mellitus
Ebert, T. (2024) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-2384-8912
Meyer‐Olesen, C. L., Christensen, M. B., Kofod, D. H., Hornum, M., Nørgaard, K., & Bomholt, T. (2025) · Hemodialysis International · doi:10.1111/hdi.70024
Avari, P., Robinson, C., Leelarathna, L., & Thabit, H. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968251381282
Sun, J., Ran, M., Lv, S., Li, J., Zan, H., Li, W., & Li, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1660936
Liang, W., Yu, H., Deng, H., Chen, J., Cheng, Y., Xu, Z., Li, Y., & Guan, H. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109253
Succurro, E., Cersosimo, G., Sarnelli, P., Brisinda, F. M., Gattuso, I., Mazza, V., Fabiano, G., Iorio, F., Arena, R., Mazzitello, G., et al. (2026) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-026-02690-9
Anwaar, N., Quazi, M. A., Herrera, D. A. B., Saeed, H., Ravender, R., Mando-Dakkak, E., & Sheikh, A. B. (2026) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-026-04647-y
Unravelling dialysis‐related dysglycaemia: Longitudinal insights from continuous glucose monitoring
Habte‐Asres, H. H., Agbabiaka, A., Rehan, R., Wheeler, D. C., & Rosenthal, M. J. (2026) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70344
Mapping the storm: a scoping review of diabetic emergencies in Africa
Harerimana, A., & Mchunu, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2026.1822436
Yang, T., Xie, P., Xie, J., Xie, J., Jiang, F., Fan, H., Yang, J., Liu, B., Ma, Y., & Yang, G. (2026) · World Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2026.065
Li, J., Shen, X., Zhang, J., Cheng, X., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., & Yang, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1861404
Yoo, J. H., Kim, S., Park, Y. J., Park, S., Chung, C. H., Kim, J. H., Kwak, S. H., & Kim, G. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-1039
Idrees, T., Nalabolu, S., Oladejo, O., Elshimy, G., Orobio, C., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2026) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2026-006533
Self-citation
- Authors
- Galindo, R. J., Ali, M. K., Funni, S. A., Dodge, A. B., Kurani, S. S., Shah, N. D., Umpierrez, G. E., & McCoy, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Galindo, Rodolfo J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2021-11-05
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 100-107
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8753755
- OpenAlex
- W3210806742
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002378)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK114497, R03DK127010, K23DK123384, P30DK111024)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Keywords
- hypoglycemic crisis, hyperglycemic crisis, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, dialysis, emergency department visits, hospitalization, incidence trends, risk factors, insulin therapy, smoking, substance abuse, retinopathy, older adults, sex differences, racial and ethnic disparities, health disparities, United States
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Retrospective Studies, United States, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
