Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to be beneficial for adults with type 2 diabetes using intensive insulin therapy, but its use in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin has not been well studied. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of CGM in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin in primary care practices. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 15 centers in the US (enrollment from July 30, 2018, to October 30, 2019; follow-up completed July 7, 2020) and included adults with type 2 diabetes receiving their diabetes care from a primary care clinician and treated with 1 or 2 daily injections of long- or intermediate-acting basal insulin without prandial insulin, with or without noninsulin glucose-lowering medications. Interventions: Random assignment 2:1 to CGM (n = 116) or traditional blood glucose meter (BGM) monitoring (n = 59). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level at 8 months. Key secondary outcomes were CGM-measured time in target glucose range of 70 to 180 mg/dL, time with glucose level at greater than 250 mg/dL, and mean glucose level at 8 months. Results: Among 175 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 57 [9] years; 88 women [50%]; 92 racial/ethnic minority individuals [53%]; mean [SD] baseline HbA1c level, 9.1% [0.9%]), 165 (94%) completed the trial. Mean HbA1c level decreased from 9.1% at baseline to 8.0% at 8 months in the CGM group and from 9.0% to 8.4% in the BGM group (adjusted difference, -0.4% [95% CI, -0.8% to -0.1%]; P = .02). In the CGM group, compared with the BGM group, the mean percentage of CGM-measured time in the target glucose range of 70 to 180 mg/dL was 59% vs 43% (adjusted difference, 15% [95% CI, 8% to 23%]; P < .001), the mean percentage of time at greater than 250 mg/dL was 11% vs 27% (adjusted difference, -16% [95% CI, -21% to -11%]; P < .001), and the means of the mean glucose values were 179 mg/dL vs 206 mg/dL (adjusted difference, -26 mg/dL [95% CI, -41 to -12]; P < .001). Severe hypoglycemic events occurred in 1 participant (1%) in the CGM group and in 1 (2%) in the BGM group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin, continuous glucose monitoring, as compared with blood glucose meter monitoring, resulted in significantly lower HbA1c levels at 8 months. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03566693.
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Benefits of CGM in T1D include reductions in A1C, fewer severe hypoglycemia events in children and adults, increased time in range, and significant reductions in hospitalizations for severe hypoglycemia and DKA.
“Benefits of CGM in this population include reductions in A1C, fewer severe hypoglycemia events in children and adults, increased TIR, as well as significant reductions in hospitalizations for severe hypoglycemia and DKA.156,162–168”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [167]
The Introduction says prior studies found improved glycemic control with CGM in people with type 1 diabetes. This trial’s reported A1C and time-in-range improvements concern adults with type 2 diabetes, not the claimed type 1 population; its Adverse Events section does not support fewer severe hypoglycemia events or reduced hospitalizations for hypoglycemia or DKA in children or adults with type 1 diabetes. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn adults with type 2 diabetes (both using and not using insulin), continuous glucose monitoring achieves improved glycated haemoglobin concentrations without impacting the rate of hypoglycaemia.
“Continuous glucose monitoring for adults with type 2 diabetes (both those using and not using insulin)24,25 also achieves improved glycated haemoglobin concentrations without impacting the rate of hypoglycaemia.”
From Blood glucose monitoring devices: current considerations (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
The Abstract reports lower HbA1c with CGM, but this trial enrolled adults using basal insulin, not adults who were not using insulin. Although severe hypoglycemic events occurred in one participant per group, Other Glycemic Outcomes reports a reduction in CGM-measured hypoglycemia, so the broad claim that hypoglycemia rates were unaffected is not supported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRandomized controlled trials of the use of rt-CGM, compared with standard blood glucose monitoring, in adults with type 2 diabetes have generally shown reductions in HbA 1c with no significant change in time in hypoglycemia.
“Randomized controlled trials of the use of rt-CGM, compared with standard blood glucose monitoring, in adults with type 2 diabetes have generally shown reductions in HbA 1c with no significant change in time in hypoglycemia (169-172).”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [172]
The Primary and Key Secondary Outcomes section reports significantly lower HbA1c with CGM than with blood glucose meter monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin. But the Other Glycemic Outcomes section reports exploratory reductions in time below both 54 mg/dL (P = .001) and 70 mg/dL (P = .02), rather than no significant change in time in hypoglycemia. This trial also cannot establish what trials generally found. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRCT data on rtCGM use in individuals with type 2 diabetes on MDI, mixed therapies, and basal insulin consistently show reductions in A1C and increases in TIR but not a reduction in hypoglycemia rates.
“RCT data on rtCGM use in individuals with type 2 diabetes on MDI (59), mixed therapies (10, 60), and basal insulin (61,62) have consistently shown reductions in A1C levels and increases in TIR (70-180 mg/dL [3.9-10 mmol/L]) but not a reduction in rates of hypoglycemia (63).”
From 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
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Expanding the Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Modern Diabetes Care Beyond Type 1 Disease
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Self-citationNatale, P., Chen, S., Chow, C. K., Cheung, N. W., Martinez‐Martin, D., Caillaud, C., Scholes‐Robertson, N., Kelly, A., Craig, J. C., Strippoli, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13454 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Glucose Management Indicator: Time to Change Course?
Selvin, E. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci23-0086 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Choe, H. J., Rhee, E.-J., Won, J. C., Park, K. S., Lee, W.-Y., & Cho, Y. M. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0764 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“basal insulin in patients with T2D (11,12).”
Digital Technology for Diabetes
Hughes, M. S., Addala, A., & Buckingham, B. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2215899 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ndumele, C. E., Rodriguez, F., Dixon, D. L., Khan, S. S., Mukherjee, D., Bajaj, M., Bangalore, S., Bozkurt, B., Breathett, K., Clarke, S. L., et al. (2026) · JACC · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.056 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Galindo, R. J., Ali, M. K., Funni, S. A., Dodge, A. B., Kurani, S. S., Shah, N. D., Umpierrez, G. E., & McCoy, R. G. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1579 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous Glucose Monitoring Use in Older Adults for Optimal Diabetes Management
Munshi, M. N. (2023) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2023.0111 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“In a subanalysis of the randomized MOBILE study, 28 Bao et al. evaluated the effectiveness and safety in 42 T2D adults, age ‡ 65 years (range 56–79 years), treated with basal insulin.”
Chun, K., Oh, J., Lee, C. J., Park, J. J., Lee, S. E., Kim, M., Cho, H., Choi, J., Lee, H., Hwang, K., et al. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01720-4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chen, E., Prakash, S., Reddi, V. J., Kim, D. A., & Rajpurkar, P. (2023) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-023-01115-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
How Continuous Glucose Monitoring Can Motivate Self-management: Can Motivation Follow Behaviour?
Vallis, M., Ryan, H., Berard, L., Cosson, E., Kristensen, F. B., Levrat‐Guillen, F., Naïditch, N., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., & Polonsky, W. H. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.04.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationThe History, Evolution and Future of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
Bender, C., Vestergaard, P., & Cichosz, S. L. (2025) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology6030017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Aggarwal, A., Pathak, S., & Goyal, R. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109825 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Crawford, A. L., & Laiteerapong, N. (2024) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/aitc202406180 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kong, A. P. S., Lim, S. K., Yoo, S.-H., Ji, L., Chen, L., Bao, Y., Yeoh, E. C. K., Chan, S.-P., Wang, C., Mohan, V., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110718 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationOser, T. K., Litchman, M. L., Allen, N. A., Kwan, B. M., Fisher, L., Jortberg, B. T., Polonsky, W. H., & Oser, S. M. (2021) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-021-01408-1 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationComprehensive Telehealth Model to Support Diabetes Self-Management
Aleppo, G., Gal, R. L., Raghinaru, D., Kruger, D., Beck, R. W., Bergenstal, R. M., Cushman, T., Hood, K. K., Johnson, M. L., McArthur, T., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36876 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“The median (IQR) number of additional follow-up contacts per participant was 8 (6-10).”
BackgroundSelf-citationComparisons of Fifth-, Sixth-, and Seventh-Generation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems
Welsh, J. B., Psavko, S., Zhang, X., Gao, P., & Balo, A. K. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968221099879 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Diabetes Technologies: Continuous Glucose Monitors/Artificial Pancreases
ALMURASHI, A. M., Rodriguez, E., & Garg, S. K. (2023) · Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · doi:10.1007/s41745-022-00348-3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Clark, T. L., Polonsky, W. H., & Soriano, E. C. (2024) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2023.0612 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying the deficiencies of currently available <scp>CGM</scp> to improve uptake and benefit
Barnard‐Kelly, K. D., Martínez‐Brocca, M. A., Glatzer, T., & Oliver, N. (2024) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15338 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Reddy, M., & Oliver, N. S. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15504 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Isitt, J. J., Roze, S., Sharland, H., Cogswell, G., Alshannaq, H. A., Norman, G. J., & Lynch, P. M. (2022) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01324-x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kim, J. Y., Jin, S.-M., Sim, K. H., Kim, B.-Y., Cho, J. H., Moon, J. S., Lim, S., Kang, E. S., Park, C.-Y., Kim, S. G., et al. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06152-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Lu, J., & Zhou, J. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16033 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“6 As CGM has gained progressively wider clinical application, new metrics derived from this technology have emerged, including time in range (TIR 3.9 – 10.0 13 Hence, TIR has been consistently recommended by international consensus statements and guidelines as a valid measure of glycemic control.”
InfluentialLu, J., Ying, Z., Wang, P., Fu, M., Han, C., & Zhang, M. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15328 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Czupryniak, L., Dzida, G. J., Fichna, P., Jarosz-Chobot, P. A., Gumprecht, J., Klupa, T., Myśliwiec, M., Szadkowska, A., Bomba-Opon, D. A., Czajkowski, K., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01229-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Importantly, the use of CGM systems is proven to reduce HbA1c in people with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes [3] on intensive insulin therapy, but they are equally effective for people with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin therapy only [4, 5] or those on non-insulin therapy [4].”
BackgroundKong, S.-Y., & Cho, M.-K. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12050571 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Zelada, H., Perez‐Guzman, M. C., Cherñavvsky, D. R., & Galindo, R. J. (2023) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-23-0180 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Interestingly, there is also evidence of its benefits in reducing HbA1C in people with T2D on long-acting basal insulin (23).”
BackgroundNathanson, D., Eeg‐Olofsson, K., Spelman, T. D., Bülow, E., Kyhlstedt, M., Levrat‐Guillen, F., & Bolinder, J. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06289-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Aleppo, G., Hirsch, I. B., Parkin, C. G., McGill, J., Galindo, R., Kruger, D. F., Levy, C. J., Forlenza, G. P., Umpierrez, G. E., Grunberger, G., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2023.0268 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationJohnston, A. R., Poll, J. B., Hays, E., & Jones, C. W. (2022) · Diabetes Epidemiology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.deman.2022.100068 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Optimize Management of Diabetes in Patients with Advanced CKD
Galindo, R. J., de Boer, I. H., Neumiller, J. J., & Tuttle, K. R. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04510422 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Prasad‐Reddy, L., Godina, A., Chetty, A. K., Close Concerns, S. F., & Isaacs, D. (2022) · touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/ee.2022.18.2.116 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital setting: an observational study
O’Connor, M. Y., Flint, K. L., Sabean, A., Ashley, A. L., Zheng, H., Yan, J., Steiner, B. A., Anandakugan, N., CALVERLEY, M. M., Bartholomew, R. A., et al. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06250-0 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“In the outpatient setting, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to improve glycaemic control in people with diabetes [10–13], and has been approved by regulatory agencies for use in determination of appropriate insulin dosing without the need for fingerstick glucose confirmation.”
Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hemodialysis Patients With Diabetes
Narasaki, Y., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Daza, A. C., You, A. S., Novoa, A., Peralta, R. A., Siu, M. K. M., Nguyen, D. V., & Rhee, C. M. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-0635 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Consensus Report on the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Rhee, C. M., Gianchandani, R. Y., Kerr, D. E., Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Kovesdy, C. P., Stanton, R. C., Drincic, A., Galindo, R. J., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Neumiller, J. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241292041 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“109,164,165 Motivated by these observations, DTS convened a panel of experts in nephrology and diabetes to review and discuss the current state of evidence, challenges, and future research directions centered on the use of CGM technology in patients with diabetes and CKD. Conclusions were based on…”
Self-citationBattelino, T., Lalic, N. M., Hussain, S., Ceriello, A., Majanović, S. K., Davies, S., Topsever, P., Heverly, J., Ulivi, F., Brady, K., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112111 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Davis, G. M., Bailey, R. J., Calhoun, P. M., Price, D. A., & Beck, R. W. (2021) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2021.0489 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“9% and mean (–SD) baseline TIR 70–180 mg/dL was 40% – 25%.(21,22) Potential participants were recruited from primary care practices and were not under the care of an endocrinologist to manage their diabetes.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNorman, G. J., Paudel, M. L., Parkin, C. G., Bancroft, T., & Lynch, P. M. (2022) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2021.0525 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…and real-world retrospective and prospective observational studies, use of rtCGM facilitates reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 11–17 increased time in target glucose range 11–17 and reductions in hypoglycemia risk, 18 with corresponding reductions in diabetes-related hospitalizations.”
Blood Glucose Level Time Series Forecasting: Nested Deep Ensemble Learning Lag Fusion
Khadem, H., Nemat, H., Elliott, D., & Benaissa, M. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10040487 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“For example, technological breakthroughs, such as continuous glucose monitoring biosensors [17,18] and insulin pumps [19,20], nowadays, serve myriads of type 1 diabetes patients.”
BackgroundAlkabbani, W., CROMER, S. J., Kim, D. H., Paik, J. M., Bykov, K., Munshi, M. N., Wexler, D. J., & Patorno, E. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dca25-0006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Porter, M., Fonda, S. J., Swigert, T. J., & Ehrhardt, N. M. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968211053886 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wearable Microfluidics for Continuous Assay
Lin, P.-H., Nien, H.-H., & Li, B.-R. (2023) · Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-091322-082930 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Szmuilowicz, E. D., & Aleppo, G. (2022) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2022.2110507 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Diabetes: the role of continuous glucose monitoring
Kluemper, J. R., Smith, A. C., & Wobeter, B. R. (2022) · Drugs in Context · doi:10.7573/dic.2021-9-13 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Shields, S., Thomas, R., Durham, J., Moran, J., Clary, J., & Ciemins, E. L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-83548-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Omotosho, I. A., Shamsuddin, N., Huri, H. Z., Chong, W. L., & Rehman, I. U. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26146909 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“%) in insulin-treated patients, surpassing traditional blood glucose meters (BGM) [39].”
NiNP/Cu-MOF-C/GCE for the the noninvasive detection of glucose in natural saliva samples
Feng, L., Lin, X., Feng, J., Min, X., & Ni, Y. (2023) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2023.108657 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Short-term use of CGM in youth onset type 2 diabetes is associated with behavioral modifications
Manfredo, J., Lin, T., Gupta, R., Abiola, K., West, M., Busin, K., Tracey, J., Brown, E. A., Magge, S. N., & Wolf, R. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1182260 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Estimating Glycemia From HbA1c and CGM: Analysis of Accuracy and Sources of Discrepancy
Tozzo, V., Genco, M. T., Omololu, S. O., Mow, C., Patel, H. R., Patel, C. H., Ho, S. N., Lam, E., Abdulsater, B., Patel, N., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-1177 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Liu, D., Liang, Z., Liu, R., Chen, P., Liu, Y., Li, J., Feng, Z., Li, L. M., Sheng, B., et al. (2025) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaf039 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Evidence from clinical research has demonstrated that CGM devices can improve glycemic con-trol for people with T2DM, as well as more-timely treatment intensification, lower risk of diabetes complications and hospital admissions [86 –88 ].”
Wafa, I. A., Pratama, N. R., Sofia, N. F., Anastasia, E. S., Konstantin, T., Wijaya, M. A., Wiyono, M. R., Djuari, L., & Novida, H. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2021.0125 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kalyani, R. R., Allende-Vigo, M. Z., Antinori-Lent, K. J., Close, K. L., Das, S. R., Deroze, P., Edelman, S. V., El Sayed, N. A., Kerr, D., Neumiller, J. J., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad745 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
From reactive to proactive: Continuous protein monitoring for preventive health care
Donnelly, J. M., Neff, R. A., Sedlack, A. J. H., Juska, V. B., Ayala‐Cardona, L. F., Bass, J. T., McNally, E. M., Shah, S. J., Alshurafa, N. I., Kimchi, E. Y., et al. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.ady6497 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Glycaemic control in people with diabetes following acute myocardial infarction
Esdaile, H., Hill, N. E., Mayet, J., & Oliver, N. S. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110644 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Interruption of Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Frequency and Adverse Consequences
Markov, A. M., Krutilova, P., Cedeno, A., McGill, J. B., & McKee, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968231156572 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationSamson, S. L., Vellanki, P., Blonde, L., Hirsch, I. B., Hoang, T. D., Isaacs, S. D., Izuora, K. E., Wang, C. C. L., Ooi, C. P., Padilla, B. I., et al. (2026) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2026.01.006 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous Glucose Monitoring in Older Adults: What We Know and What We Have Yet to Learn
Price, C. E., Callahan, K. E., Aloi, J., & Usoh, C. O. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241234651 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“16 Similar HbA1c lowering was noted in the RCT by Martens et al 17 who evaluated adults with T2DM managed with MDI or noninsulin glycemic medications, noting a reduction by −1.1% in the CGM arm versus −0.6% Hb A1c reduction in the FSBG arm.”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Martens, T., Beck, R. W., Bailey, R., Ruedy, K. J., Calhoun, P., Peters, A. L., Pop-Busui, R., Philis-Tsimikas, A., Bao, S., Umpierrez, G., Davis, G., Kruger, D., Bhargava, A., Young, L., McGill, J. B., Aleppo, G., Nguyen, Q. T., Orozco, I., Biggs, W., Lucas, K. J., Polonsky, W. H., Buse, J. B., Price, D., Bergenstal, R. M., MOBILE Study Group, Carlson, A., Chambers, S., Yang, S., Kirkman, M. S., Kass, A., Fraser, R., Cushman, T., Ramos, C., Magar, M., Walker, M., Serafin-Dokhan, S., Salam, M., Hurst, S., Clifton, M. J., Kravarusic, J., Bansal, A., Fulkerson, C., Ang, L., Richardson, C., Mizokami-Stout, K., Reiss, J., Leone, V., Stifel, K., Dailey, G., Change, A., McCallum, J., Garcia, M. I., Davis, D., Lovell, C., Root, C., Toler, F., Wilhelm, L., Eifert, R., Murguia, L., Cota, B., Nguyen, L., Lipski, R., Lawrence, M. K., Fournier, A., Carter, M., Hoover, S., Cohen, N., Mouse, T., Rusnak, J., Campos, T., Njeru, N., Arant, T., Beck, S. E., & Balo, A.
- Affiliations
- Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
- Jaeb Center for Health Research (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, San Diego, California
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Iowa Diabetes Research, West Des Moines
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Las Vegas Endocrinology, Henderson, Nevada
- Carteret General Hospital (US)
- Amarillo Medical Specialists, Amarillo, Texas
- Diabetes & Endocrinology Consultants PC, Morehead City, North Carolina
- Behavioral Diabetes Institute, San Diego, California
- Dexcom (United States) (US)
- HealthPartners (US)
- for the MOBILE Study Group
- Corresponding author
- Beck, Roy W.
- ORCID
- Martens, Thomas
- Beck, Roy W.
- Bailey, Ryan
- Calhoun, Peter
- Peters, Anne L.
- Bao, Shichun
- Umpierrez, Guillermo
- Davis, Georgia
- Kruger, Davida
- Bhargava, Anuj
- Young, Laura
- McGill, Janet B.
- Aleppo, Grazia
- Polonsky, William H.
- Buse, John B.
- Price, David
- Bergenstal, Richard M.
- Carlson, Anders
- Yang, Shoua
- Kirkman, Marian Sue
- Serafin-Dokhan, Sara
- Salam, Maamoun
- Ang, Lynn
- Richardson, Caroline
- Leone, Virginia
- Dailey, George
- Hoover, Stephanie
- Cohen, Nathan
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2021-06-08
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2262
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC8173473
- OpenAlex
- W3164064295
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 116 · 2025: 132 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 24
- FWCI
- 54.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001422)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK092926, P30DK020572, P30DK124723, P30DK111022)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- continuous glucose monitoring, type 2 diabetes, basal insulin, glycemic control, HbA1c, blood glucose meters, time in target glucose range, primary care, intensive insulin therapy, glycemic variability, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, HbA1c reduction, HbA1c variability
- MeSH terms
- Glycemic Control, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Confidence Intervals, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Sample Size, Postprandial Period
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