The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 127 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 55 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
Open accessAbstract
By the most recent estimates, 34.2 million people in the U.S. have diabetes (1).At the same time, 88 million people are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes.The U.S. also sees an increasing prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents (2).Thus, more than 122 million Americans are at risk for developing devastating complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia (1).Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes (PWD)."The purpose of DSMES is to give PWD the knowledge, skills, and confidence to accept responsibility for their self-management.This includes collaborating with their healthcare team, making informed decisions, solving problems, developing personal goals and action plans, and coping with emotions and life stresses" (3).DSMES interventions include activities that support PWD to implement and sustain the self-management behaviors and strategies to improve diabetes and related cardiometabolic conditions and quality of life on an ongoing basis.Despite progress in diabetes treatment modalities, glycemic and cardiometabolic outcomes continue to decline in the U.S. (4).Now, more than ever, the provision of DSMES is a vital component of the full treatment for diabetes.PWD are at risk for distress, life stress, and clinical depression, which can lead to poor health outcomes (5).The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (hereinafter referred to as the National Standards) encourage the DSMES team to acknowledge and address the emotional burden of living with and managing diabetes-diabetes distress-and to consider the multitude of daily demands and decisions required of PWD, their families, and caregivers (6-9).To further illustrate, PWD generally visit their primary care physician (PCP)/other qualified healthcare professional two to four times per year, where the average appointment lasts 15-20 min and addresses four or more health conditions (10).This equates to the person with diabetes (PWD) spending less than 1% of their life with their healthcare professionals (10).Therefore, diabetes management decisions largely fall on PWD and/or caregivers, further highlighting the importance of increasing access to DSMES services that support ongoing self-management and decision making.The National Standards define timely, evidence-based, quality DSMES services that meet or exceed the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services quality standards.While the acronym DSMES is used in the literature and in current practice, it is important to note that the term diabetes self-management training (DSMT) is exclusively used when describing the Medicare benefit for diabetes self-management.The Medicare benefit for DSMT was established by the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 with a final rule (65 FR 83130) published on 29 December 2000, implementing the BBA provisions and DSMT regulations (Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulation sections 410.140 to 410.146).The DSMT benefit has reimbursement guidelines outside of the National Standards.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The 2022 National Standards update defines evidence-based, person-centered diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) across six standards, emphasizing reduced administrative burden, health equity, and flexible delivery. It reports low DSMES utilization and reaffirms benefits such as A1C reduction.
Key findings
- DSMES lowers hemoglobin A1C by at least 0.6%, comparable to many diabetes medications but without side effects; greater A1C reductions are associated with more than 10 h of DSMES services.
- Utilization is low: less than 5% of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and 6.8% of privately insured people with diagnosed diabetes have used DSMES services.
- The revision updates six standards: support for DSMES services; population and service assessment; DSMES team; delivery and design; person-centered DSMES; and measuring/demonstrating outcomes. Referral is recommended at four critical times: diagnosis, annually and/or when not meeting treatment targets, when complicating factors develop, and when transitions in life or care occur.
- Terminology changed from diabetes educator/CDE to Diabetes Care and Education Specialist/CDCES; technology can support equitable access to DSMES but is not a requirement for delivery.
Methods
- Consensus revision by key stakeholders and experts approximately every 5 years; the 2021 group reviewed the current National Standards for appropriateness, relevance, and scientific basis and was tasked with reducing administrative burden.
- Not an empirical study: no sample, data collection, or statistical analysis is reported; the document synthesizes current evidence and expert consensus, with a summary of changes in Supplementary Material 1.
- The standards are described as applicable across care models, including solo practice, community, large practice, and technology-enabled models.
Limitations
- The paper does not state a formal limitations section.
- Evident: it is a consensus/guideline document rather than a systematic review or primary study; recommendations rely on cited evidence and expert consensus, and the paper states that some language is carried over from the 2017 National Standards.
- Evident: the paper notes that structured DSMES programs do not benefit everyone and that delivery must be person-centered; no empirical testing of the 2022 standards themselves is reported.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
41 Not checked yet · 8 Own interpretation
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Furthermore, culturally tailored services have been shown to be effective in improving diabetes care outcomes (59,65).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 4: DELIVERY AND DESIGN OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [59] Sinclair, 2020, Implementation outcomes of a culturally adapted diabetes self-management education intervention for Native Hawaiians and Pacific islanders, BMC Public Health source
- Not checked yetcites [65] Funnell, 2005, Implementing an empowerment-based diabetes self-management education program, Diabetes Educ source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Support from the sponsor organizations and internal leadership is crucial for the success of DSMES services.”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 1: SUPPORT FOR DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Powers, 2020, Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with type 2 diabetes: a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association, Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Numerous studies have proven the benefits of DSMES, which include improved clinical outcomes and quality of life, while reducing hospitalizations and healthcare costs (13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites 13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“DSMES teams in collaboration with primary care have been shown to be the most effective approach to overcome therapeutic inertia (20).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Powell, 2021, Strategies for overcoming therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Diabetes Obes Metab source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The ADCES7 Self-Care Behaviors (i.e., healthy coping, healthy eating, being active, taking medication, monitoring, reducing risk, and problem solving) is an evidence-based framework and outline to provide and document diabetes care and education that can be used in conjunction with the chosen curricula (79).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 4: DELIVERY AND DESIGN OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [79] American Association of Diabetes Educators, 2020, An effective model of diabetes care and education: revising the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors, Diabetes Educ source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes (PWD).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“In addition, formal CQI strategies are best informed through stakeholder input and have been shown to improve diabetes outcomes (123), which in turn may be used as evidence to inform payment models and policy for support of DSMES services.”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [123] Tricco, 2012, Effectiveness of quality improvement strategies on the management of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The inclusion of and communication between various healthcare team members, specifically diabetes care and education specialists, has effectively improved diabetes care (20).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 1: SUPPORT FOR DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Powell, 2021, Strategies for overcoming therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Diabetes Obes Metab source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Numerous studies have proven the benefits of DSMES, which include improved clinical outcomes and quality of life, while reducing hospitalizations and healthcare costs (13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites 13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“DSMES services can make a substantial impact on many of the measured outcomes, including the Medicare Access and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Reauthorization Act (MACRA) and the Quality Payment Program, which have shifted the focus of provider payment from unit of service to quality and outcomes.”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 9
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
In the paper
“PWD are at risk for distress, life stress, and clinical depression, which can lead to poor health outcomes (5).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Mathiesen, 2018, Psychosocial interventions for reducing diabetes distress in vulnerable people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“DSMES services are not limited to fee-for-service billing to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and can utilize other financial models, such as value-based payments and collaboration with commercial payers for sustainability (25,26).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Kitsiou, 2017, Effectiveness of mHealth interventions for patients with diabetes: an overview of systematic reviews, PLoS One source
- Not checked yetcites [26] Greenwood, 2021, A new taxonomy for technology-enabled diabetes self-management interventions: results of an umbrella review, J Diabetes Sci Technol
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the U.S., less than 5% of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and 6.8% of privately insured people with diagnosed diabetes have utilized DSMES services (12)(13)(14).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Strawbridge, 2015, Use of Medicare’s diabetes self-management training benefit, Health Educ Behav source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Strawbridge, 2017, One-year outcomes of diabetes self-management training among Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with diabetes, Med Care source
- Not checked yetcites [14] Li, 2014, Diabetes self-management education and training among privately insured persons with newly diagnosed diabetes—United States, 2011-2012, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Process outcomes indicate what a healthcare professional does to maintain or improve health (110).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [110] Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Type of health care quality measures. Accessed 19 July 2021. Available from https://www.ahrq.gov/talkingquality/measures/types.html
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For DSMES services, SDOH must also be considered as process measures because addressing elements of SDOH are necessary for the PWD to achieve optimal self-management and are deemed essential to achieving health equity from the individual PWD, program, and population health perspectives (46).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Hill-Briggs, 2020, Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review, Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Evidencebased examples of such methods include the Plan-Do-Study-Act model, Six Sigma, Lean, workflow mapping, the Re-AIM (127) framework, and the Chronic Care Model (128).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [127] RE-AIM – Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance . Accessed 6 September 2021. Available from https://re-aim.org/
- Not checked yetcites [128] Stellefson, 2013, The chronic care model and diabetes management in US primary care settings: a systematic review, Prev Chronic Dis source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Engagement in DSMES services lowers hemoglobin A1C (A1C) by at least 0.6%, as much as many diabetes medications-however with no side effects (15).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Chrvala, 2016, Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the effect on glycemic control, Patient Educ Couns source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They provide information to inform what will lead to desired behavioral and clinical outcomes improvement (e.g., attendance at DSMES sessions, medication taking behaviors, or preventive services involvement) (126).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [126] Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Resources: How to improve. Accessed 21 July 2021. Available from https://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/HowtoImprove/default.aspx
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“PWD generally visit their primary care physician (PCP)/other qualified healthcare professional two to four times per year, where the average appointment lasts 15-20 min and addresses four or more health conditions (10).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Berk, 2020, Time to care: primary care visit duration and value-based healthcare, Am J Med source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Because family members, caregivers, and peers can be an effective resource for ongoing support but often don't know how to help, it can be beneficial to include family members and caregivers throughout the DSMES intervention (3).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 4: DELIVERY AND DESIGN OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Powers, 2020, Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with type 2 diabetes: a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association, Diabetes Care source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Institute for Healthcare Improvement suggests the Model for Improvement as a framework to guide improvement work (126).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [126] Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Resources: How to improve. Accessed 21 July 2021. Available from https://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/HowtoImprove/default.aspx
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Now, more than ever, the provision of DSMES is a vital component of the full treatment for diabetes.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“DSMES is an area well established for healthcare professionals to utilize a robust body of evidence to evaluate outcomes, reduce costs, and decrease health disparities while addressing and reducing health inequities.”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > CONCLUSIONS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“On a final note, implementation science is an emerging and cost-effective way to study real world methods that promote integration of research and evidence into practice and policy (138).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [138] United States Department of Health and Human Services . Implementation science at a glance: a guide for cancer control practitioners. Accessed 15 October 2021. Available from https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/NCI-ISaaG-Workbook.pdf
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“is the ICC Framework (Identify, Configure, Collaborate) (132, 133).”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [132] Greenwood, 2020, A framework for optimizing technology-enabled diabetes and cardiometabolic care and education: the role of the diabetes care and education specialist, Diabetes Educ source
- Not checked yetcites [133] Scalzo, 2021, From the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists: the role of the diabetes care and education specialist as a champion of technology integration, Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention DSMES Technical Assistance Guide (129) and accompanying toolkit (130) also provide guidance for planning and implementing activities to increase use of DSMES services and address quality improvement components.”
§ 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support > STANDARD 6: MEASURING AND DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES OF DSMES SERVICES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [129] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Diabetes self-management education and support technical assistance guide. Accessed 19 July 2021. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/programs/stateandlocal/resources/dsmes-technical-assistance-guide.html
- Not checked yetcites [130] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) toolkit. Accessed 21 July 2021. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/dsmes-toolkit/index.html
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“In meta-analyses of people with diabetes (type 1 and 2), clinically meaningful HbA1C reductions have been reported for Mediterranean-style vs control diets (difference in HbA1C, −0.39% [95% CI, −0.58% to −0.20%]), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension vs control diets (difference in HbA1C, −0.53% [95% CI, −0.62% to −0.43%]), and low- vs high-carbohydrate diets (difference in HbA1C at 6 mo, −”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Medicare reimburses DSMES when that service meets the national standards (2,43) and is recognized by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) through the Education Recognition Program (professional.diabetes.org/ diabetes-education) or Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists (diabeteseducator.org/practice/diabetes- education-accreditation-program).”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Barriers to equitable access to DSMES may be addressed through telehealth delivery of care and other digital health solutions (43).”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Certification as a DCES (cbdce.org/)and/or board certification in advanced diabetes management (diabeteseducator. org/education/certification/bc_adm) demonstrates an individual's specialized training in and understanding of diabetes management and support (43), and engagement with qualified professionals has been shown to improve disease-related outcomes.”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Certification as a DCES (cbdce.org/)and/or board certification in advanced diabetes management (diabeteseducator. org/education/certification/bc_adm) demonstrates an individual's specialized training in and understanding of diabetes management and support (43), and engagement with qualified professionals has been shown to improve disease-related outcomes.”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Strong evidence now exists on the benefits of virtual, telehealth, or internet-based DSMES services for diabetes prevention and management in a wide variety of populations (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54).”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Psychological and social problems can impair the individual's (43,(318)(319)(320)(321)(322) or family's (321) ability to carry out diabetes care tasks and, therefore, potentially compromise health status.”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Citations
Cites
Battelino, T., Danne, T., Bergenstal, R. M., Amiel, S. A., Beck, R., Biester, T., Bosi, E., Buckingham, B. A., Cefalu, W. T., Close, K. L., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0028 · Cited by 4,237 · cited 2×
“111,136,137 On a final note, implementation science is an emerging and cost-effective way to study real-world methods that promote integration of research and evidence into practice and policy.”
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach
Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A. L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R., & Matthews, D. R. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0413 · Cited by 3,207
Association of Health Literacy With Diabetes Outcomes
Schillinger, D. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.4.475 · Cited by 1,944
The National Committee for Quality Assurance
Iglehart, J. K. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199609263351322 · Cited by 1,826
Self-Management Education for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Norris, S. L., Lau, J., Smith, S. J., Schmid, C. H., & Engelgau, M. M. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.7.1159 · Cited by 1,750
Social determinants of health and diabetes: A scientific review
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Tharavanij, T., Dejkhamron, P., Rawdaree, P., Likitmaskul, S., Santiprabhob, J., Deerochanawong, C., Reutrakul, S., & Nitiyanant, W. (2025) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-025-02123-8 · Cited by 1
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Advanced Nursing Practices in the Care of People with Diabetes in Primary Health Care
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Metadata
- Authors
- Davis, J., Fischl, A. H., Beck, J., Browning, L., Carter, A., Condon, J. E., Dennison, M., Francis, T., Hughes, P. J., Jaime, S., Lau, K. H. K., McArthur, T., McAvoy, K., Magee, M., Newby, O., Ponder, S. W., Quraishi, U., Rawlings, K., Socke, J., Stancil, M., Uelmen, S., & Villalobos, S.
- Affiliations
- Dignity Health (US)
- University of Chicago Medical Center (US)
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- SWLA Center for Health Services, Crowley, LA
- Eskenazi Health (US)
- Anne Arundel Medical Center (US)
- Oklahoma City Indian Clinic, Oklahoma City, OK
- San Diego City College (US)
- Samford University (US)
- 11El Centro Regional Medical Center, El Centro, CA
- Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
- 13Cecelia Health, New York, NY
- Yale New Haven Health System (US)
- Georgetown University (US)
- 16The Healthy Living Center Diabetes Education Program, Norfolk, VA
- Baylor Scott & White Health (US)
- American Diabetes Association (US)
- 19Vida Health, San Francisco, CA
- 20Healthy Interactions, Chicago, IL
- Prisma Health (US)
- 22Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, Chicago, IL
- 23Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL
- Corresponding author
- Uelmen, Sacha
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2022-01-17
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 484-494
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4205955093
- Semantic Scholar
- 399a456267cb619e77b7fe250e5be7254a786d43
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 10
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2022-03-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Keywords
- diabetes self-management education and support, diabetes self-management education, Medicare benefits, quality standards, diabetes distress, patient-centered care, patient engagement, patient decision-making, patient-centered medical home, patient-centered care model
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, Diabetes Mellitus, Educational Status, Humans, Self Care, Health Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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