The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interleukin-6 induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes.
Open accessAbstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is one of several proinflammatory cytokines that have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A two- to threefold elevation of circulating IL-6 has been observed in these conditions. Nonetheless, little evidence supports a direct role for IL-6 in mediating insulin resistance. Here, we present data that IL-6 can inhibit insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction and insulin action in both primary mouse hepatocytes and the human hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2. This inhibition depends on duration of IL-6 exposure, with a maximum effect at 1-1.5 h of pretreatment with IL-6 in both HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. The IL-6 effect is characterized by a decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR substrate (IRS)-1 and decreased association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with IRS-1 in response to physiologic insulin levels. In addition, insulin-dependent activation of Akt, important in mediating insulin's downstream metabolic actions, is markedly inhibited by IL-6 treatment. Finally, a 1.5-h preincubation of primary hepatocytes with IL-6 inhibits insulin-induced glycogen synthesis by 75%. These data suggest that IL-6 plays a direct role in insulin resistance at the cellular level in both primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cell lines and may contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“consistent with previous studies that indicate IL-6 promotes hepatic insulin resistance through IL-6/STAT3induced inhibition of insulin receptor signaling 18,45,46”
From Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“genes reported to be involved in hepatic insulin resistance, including Il6 45-48 , Spp1 49,50 and Igfbp1 51”
From Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“In cultured hepatocytes (25)(26)(27)(28), preadipocytes, and mature adipocytes (29), IL-6 directly impairs insulin action.”
From Signaling Specificity of Interleukin-6 Action on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle (2006) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bradford, M. M. (1976) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 · Cited by 255,302
Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4
LAEMMLI, U. K. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227680a0 · Cited by 249,961
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433
Hotamisligil, G. S., Peraldi, P., Budavari, A., Ellis, R., White, M. F., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5249.665 · Cited by 2,630
Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-α function
Uysal, K. T., Wiesbrock, S. M., Marino, M. W., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/39335 · Cited by 2,234
A family of cytokine-inducible inhibitors of signalling
Starr, R., Willson, T. A., Viney, E. M., Murray, L. J. L., Rayner, J. R., Jenkins, B. J., Gonda, T. J., Alexander, W. S., Metcalf, D., Nicola, N. A., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43206 · Cited by 2,066
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Releases Interleukin-6, But Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,in Vivo1
Mohamed‐Ali, V., Goodrick, S., Rawesh, A., Katz, D. R., Miles, J. M., Yudkin, J. S., Klein, S., & Coppack, S. W. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4450 · Cited by 2,032
Yuan, M., Konstantopoulos, N., Lee, J., Hansen, L., Li, Z.-W., Karin, M., & Shoelson, S. E. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1061620 · Cited by 1,884
Kern, P. A., Ranganathan, S., Li, C., Wood, L., & Ranganathan, G. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.5.e745 · Cited by 1,883
Pickup, J. C., Mattock, M. B., Chusney, G. D., & Burt, D. J. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050822 · Cited by 1,246
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 879
Younes, N., Mohamed, O., & Rizk, N. M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214600 · Cited by 12
“Increased IL-6 release from adipose tissue contributes to the development of insulin resistance either by reducing adiponectin secretion, as demonstrated by our findings, or by influencing the insulin signal transduction pathway in hepatocytes [59].”
BackgroundShinohara, T. (2012) · Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology · doi:10.4172/2155-9880.1000209 · Cited by 10
“Elevated levels of IL-6 are also involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and can be used to predict the development of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) [5-7].”
BackgroundUemura, H., Ghaibeh, A. A., Katsuura‐Kamano, S., Yamaguchi, M., Bahari, T., Ishizu, M., Moriguchi, H., & Arisawa, K. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep45502 · Cited by 10
Varghese, A., Balu, P., Ravindran, S., Muthu, J., & Vineela, K. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Dentistry · doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_848_18 · Cited by 10
“IL‑6 is one of the very important cytokines associated with IR.”
BackgroundInfluentialTan, X., & Huang, Y. (2021) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1988558 · Cited by 10
大垣, 聡., Iida, K., Yokoo, T., Watanabe, K., Kihara, R., Suzuki, H., Shimano, H., Toyoshima, H., & Yamada, N. (2007) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.e504 · Cited by 10
Wallerstedt, E., Sandqvist, M., Smith, U., & Andersson, C. X. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-011-0738-0 · Cited by 11
“It has previously been shown that IL-6 negatively affects insulin signaling in liver cells by inducing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) that, besides regulating IL-6 signaling, also interacts with the insulin receptor thereby blocking its autophosphorylation and, thus, further inhibiting the down-stream insu…”
BackgroundThe effect of physical activity on serum IL-6 and vaspin levels in late elementary school children
Hong, H.-R., Ha, C., Jin, Y., & Kang, H. (2015) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.5717/jenb.2015.15060507 · Cited by 10
“On the other hand, excessive body fat, especially ectopic fat, increases the expression of insulin resistant cytokines (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, interleukin-6, retinol binding protein-4, leptin), reducing the expression of insulin sensitive cytokines (adiponectin, visfatin,…”
BackgroundInterleukin-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. A family study
Guzmán‐Guzmán, I. P., Muñóz-Valle, J. F., Flores‐Alfaro, E., Salgado-Goytia, L., Salgado-Bernabé, A. B., & Parra‐Rojas, I. (2010) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2010/439048 · Cited by 10
Role of Body Size on Cardiovascular Function
Chantler, P. D., & Lakatta, E. G. (2009) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.134452 · Cited by 10
Current literature in diabetes
Nazlıel, B., Yetkin, İ., İrkeç, C., & Koçer, B. (2001) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.173 · Cited by 10
Nesfatin-1 is a regulator of inflammation with implications during obesity and metabolic syndrome
Steffen, T. L., Stafford, J., Samson, W. K., & Yosten, G. L. C. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107669 · Cited by 10
Neuroinflammation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy and therapeutic implications
Chong, Z. Z., & Souayah, N. (2025) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2025-0031 · Cited by 9
On the Intimate Relationship of Adiposity to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Rosenfield, R. L., & Dumesic, D. A. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf527 · Cited by 11
Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
Francisco, L., Miriam, H., de Oliveira, A. C., & Alonso‐Vale, M. I. C. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53974 · Cited by 9
“This adipokine reduces insulindependent hepatic glycogen synthesis (Klover et al., 2003; Senn et al., 2002) and glucose uptake in adipocytes (Rotter et al., 2003), whose effects could be mediated by the increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3, a protein that binds and…”
BackgroundCui, W., Li, J., Chen, X., Mao, Q., Wei, X., Wen, X., Yang, J., & Wang, Q. (2013) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.21066 · Cited by 9
“…stress, a potential cause of inflammation, and increased generation of proinflammatory cytokines [de Luca and Olefsky, 2008], for example, IL-6 and TNF-a, that could impair hepatocyte insulin signaling contributing to IR [Hotamisligil et al., 1996; Fernandez-Real et al., 2001; Senn et al., 2002].”
BackgroundLiu, C., Wang, X., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., Wu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2008) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.07.143 · Cited by 9
Jeon, B. T., Heo, R. W., Shin, H. J., Yi, C., Lee, Y. H., Joung, H.-N., Jung, J. H., Jung, J., Kim, S. K., Hahm, J. R., et al. (2014) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2014.882753 · Cited by 9
Novosyadlyy, R., Lelbach, A., Sheikh, N., Tron, K., Pannem, R., Ramadori, G. P., & Scharf, J. (2008) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2008.05.004 · Cited by 10
“Furthermore, in addition to its direct effect on IGFBP-1 gene expression, IL-6 is also capable to induce insulin resistance at hepatocellular level [55], whereby IGFBP-1 expression is derepressed.”
BackgroundInteraction Between Immune and Energy‐Balance Signals in the Regulation of Feeding and Metabolism
Abizaid, A. B., Luheshi, G. N., & Woodside, B. C. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118314814.ch25 · Cited by 9
Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in obese adolescents with antibody against to adenovirus 36
Sanches, M. D., Goldberg, T. B. L., Rizzo, A. D. C. B., da Silva, V. N., Mosca, L. N., Romagnoli, G. G., Gorgulho, C. M., Araújo, J. P., de Lima, G. R., Betti, I., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33084-4 · Cited by 9
Immunometabolism in obesity: Understanding the beneficial and detrimental roles of inflammation
Lee, Y. S. (2026) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003620 · Cited by 11
Protein-Energy Malnutrition/Wasting During Peritoneal Dialysis
Carrero, J. J., Heimbürger, O., Chan, M., Axelsson, J., Stenvinkel, P., & Lindholm, B. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78940-8_21 · Cited by 8
Role of antidiabetic agents in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease
Lin, W.-R., Liu, K., Ling, T., Wang, M., & Lin, W. (2023) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.352 · Cited by 8
Yamashita, H., Aoyama-Ishikawa, M., Takahara, M., Yamauchi, C., Inoue, T., Miyoshi, M., Maeshige, N., Usami, M., Nakao, A., & Kotani, J. (2015) · Surgical Infections · doi:10.1089/sur.2013.269 · Cited by 8
“After LPS treatment, total IRS-1 and pIRS-1 tended to increase in WT mice but decreased significantly in IL-18 KO mice compared with PBS-treated WT or IL-18 KO mice (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialLutosławska, G. (2013) · Human Movement · doi:10.2478/v10038-012-0045-y · Cited by 8
Obesity, Inflammation and Aerobic Physical Exercise
Steckling, F. M., Lima, F. D., dos Santos, D. L., Alexandre, F., & Soares, A. (2015) · Cited by 8
González‐Cantero, Á., Teklu, M., Sorokin, A. V., Prussick, R. B., Gonzalez-Calvin, J. L., Rodríguez, J. L. M., Patel, N. H., Parel, P. M., Manyak, G. A., Teague, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.034 · Cited by 8
Relationship between subclinical inflammation, obesity, diabetes and related disorders
Tataranni, P. A. (2005) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.ddmec.2005.08.014 · Cited by 8
Shan, Q., Liu, J., Qu, F., Chen, A., & He, W. (2024) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.24094 · Cited by 7
“90”
Developmental Impacts of Epigenetics and Metabolism in COVID-19
Naik, N. C., Patel, M., & Sen, R. (2024) · Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.3390/jdb12010009 · Cited by 8
“The rise in IL-6 that accompanies COVID-19 may prevent autophosphorylation and activate the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) [130] and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways, thereby worsening insulin resistance in diabetics [131,132].”
BackgroundMilewska, M., Domoradzki, T., Majewska, A., Błaszczyk, M., Gajewska, M., Hulanicka, M., & Grzelkowska‐Kowalczyk, K. (2019) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-019-03133-4 · Cited by 7
Integrative understanding of immune-metabolic interaction
Im, S., Kim, H., Jeong, M., Yang, H., & Hong, J. Y. (2022) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.6.064 · Cited by 7
Gato, W. E., Hunter, D. A., Whitby, S. L., Mays, C. A., & Yau, W. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.494 · Cited by 7
“IL-6 is responsible for inhibiting insulin receptor signal transduction and insulin action [19,20].”
BackgroundAngiolani, F., Gerardi, D., Bernardi, S., Torge, D., Bianchi, S., Piattelli, M., & Varvara, G. (2025) · Oral · doi:10.3390/oral5030067 · Cited by 6
“In any case, the contribution of confounding factors, such as diet, stress, and oral hygiene practices, requires further investigation to shed light on the effects of PCOS on periodontal health [42].”
Hariya, N., Mochizuki, K., Inoue, S., Morioka, K., Shimada, M., Okuda, T., & Goda, T. (2014) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.60.52 · Cited by 6
Wang, S. (2004) · Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine · doi:10.3736/jcim20040106 · Cited by 6
Pharmacogenetics of posttransplant diabetes mellitus
Lancia, P., de Beaumais, T. A., & Jacqz-Aigrain, É. (2017) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/tpj.2017.1 · Cited by 6
Chielle, E. O., Gens, F., & Rossi, E. M. (2018) · Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial · doi:10.5935/1676-2444.20180037 · Cited by 6
“Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as W/H2 (kg/m2).”
BackgroundInfluentialAbboud, A., Ali, A., & Youssef, T. (2020) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/125658 · Cited by 6
Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance
Borst, S. E. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-370-7_21 · Cited by 6
Inflammation et immunité : implications dans l’obésité et le diabète de type 2
Khan, N. A. (2006) · Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides · doi:10.1051/ocl.2006.0047 · Cited by 8
Psychoneuroimmune Implications of Type 2 Diabetes: Redux
O’Connor, J. C., Johnson, D. R., & Freund, G. G. (2009) · Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.iac.2009.02.004 · Cited by 6
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript biomarkers and acute phase reactants including IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, sialic acid, serum amyloid, C-reactive protein, cortisol [3,21,29,35-37].”
BackgroundInfluentialTaneera, J., Khalique, A., Mohammed, A. K., Mussa, B. M., Sulaiman, N. D., Abu‐Gharbieh, E., El‐Huneidi, W., & Saber-Ayad, M. M. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13080685 · Cited by 5
“Additionally, IL6 inhibits insulin-induced glycogen synthesis and insulin receptor signal transduction in mouse hepatocytes and HepG2 cells by inhibiting insulin activation of Akt [49].”
BackgroundXiao, B., Chen, X., Zong, R., Guan, Y., Zhu, Z., & Bi, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1617496 · Cited by 5
“SOCS3 inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), thereby disrupting PI3K/Akt signaling and reducing insulin sensitivity (Senn et al., 2002).”
Lemoine, M., & Serfaty, L. (2011) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2011.04.006 · Cited by 5
Luo, C., Wan, J., Rao, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2020.1853696 · Cited by 5
Yang, J., Ding, X., Wang, N., Pan, Y., Xiao, E., Mu, S., Wang, L., Li, D., & Li, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.814540 · Cited by 5
Yang, Z., Ji, J.-J., Yu, J., Wu, Y., Guo, J., Ma, G., & Yao, Y. (2023) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2023.079 · Cited by 5
Yao, Z., Hoffman, E. P., Ghimbovschi, S. D., DuBois, D. C., Almon, R. R., & Jusko, W. J. (2008) · Gene Regulation and Systems Biology · doi:10.4137/grsb.s613 · Cited by 5
“Estimated PD/PG parameters for IL-6 receptor 1 and IRS-1.”
BackgroundInfluentialInflammation and Type 2 Diabetes
van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017) · Wiley-VCH eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527692156.ch47 · Cited by 4
Alisi, A., Manco, M., Vito, R. D., & Nobili, V. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-874-4_15 · Cited by 5
Cezaretto, A., de Almeida-Pititto, B., Alencar, G. P., Suemoto, C. K., Benseñor, I. M., Lotufo, P. A., & Ferreira, S. R. G. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.003 · Cited by 5
Szablewski, L. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.80248 · Cited by 5
Treatment of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Hoteit, M. A., & Anania, F. A. (2007) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-008-0020-0 · Cited by 5
“IL-6 is produced in substantial quantities by human WAT, and recent data suggest that IL-6 plays a direct role in insulin resistance by altering hepatocyte insulin signal transduction [ 18 ].”
BackgroundKallwitz, E. R. (2012) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-012-9358-3 · Cited by 5
“The majority of circulating IL-6 has been shown to be taken up by the liver [17] where it can result in hepatic insulin resistance [18] and was found to increase hepatic synthesis of acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen [19].”
BackgroundPENGARUH MINUMAN DIPERKAYA CINNULIN TERHADAP MDA DAN SENYAWA INFLAMASI PLASMA PENDERITA DMT2
Program Studi Ilmu Pangan, S. P. S., Nawasari Indah Putri, S., Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Tanjungkarang, L., Prangdimurti, E., Program Studi Ilmu Pangan, S. P. S., Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, F. T. P., Zakaria, F. R., Program Studi Ilmu Pangan, S. P. S., & Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, F. T. P. (2016) · Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan · doi:10.6066/jtip.2016.27.1.51 · Cited by 5
“Analisis kadar MDA metode TBARS (modifikasi Singh et al., 2002) Larutan induk tetra etoksi propana (TEP: Sigma Aldrich T9889, Jerman) konsentrasi 50 nmol/mL dibuat menjadi larutan standar dengan konsentrasi sebagai berikut 0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 8,0; 10,0; 12,0; 14,0; 16,0; 18,0; 20,0 nmol/mL.…”
BackgroundA genetic algorithm-based ensemble model for efficiently identifying interleukin 6 inducing peptides
Harun-Or-Roshid, M., & Kurata, H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05491-2 · Cited by 4
Corrao, S., Scibetta, S., Pardo, N., Cangemi, I., Mirarchi, L., Corrao, G., Amodeo, S., & Calvo, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1668159 · Cited by 4
“TNF-a induces the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, reducing insulin receptor signalling, while IL-6 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid accumulation (18, 19).”
Zhang, T., Fan, J., Wen, X., & Duan, X. (2025) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-025-01077-8 · Cited by 4
Li, J., CHEN, T., Li, K., Yan, H.-T., Li, X., Yang, Y. C., Zhang, Y., Su, B., & Li, F. (2016) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3087 · Cited by 4
“…been reported to reduce insulin receptor expression, IRS expression, IRS tyrosine phosphorylation, Akt activation and GLUT4 expression (64,65) and to induce SOCS expression through the Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription signaling pathway to suppress insulin…”
Kurisu, K., Tsurutani, Y., Inoue, K., Hoshino, Y., Saiki, F., & Yoshiuchi, K. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13210 · Cited by 4
Heo, Y. J., Park, J., Lee, N., Choi, S., Jeon, J. Y., Han, S. J., Kim, D. J., Lee, K. W., & Kim, H. J. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202400860r · Cited by 5
Effect of Pintes white wine on metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome
Ábel, T., Blázovics, A., Wimmer, A., Bekő, G., Gaál, B., Blazics, B., El‐Din, M. G., Fehér, J., & Lengyel, G. (2012) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/oh.2012.29389 · Cited by 4
Bulum, T., Kolarić, B., & Duvnjak, L. S. (2013) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-013-0176-5 · Cited by 4
“These pivotal cells in the inflammatory response, may be associated with insulin resistance through interruptions of the insulin signaling in the liver by inflammatory molecules like IL-6, or a pro-inflammatory effect on insulin resistance [25, 26].”
BackgroundKlein, S., Fabbrini, E., & Romijn, J. A. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0324-5.00036-5 · Cited by 4
Association of leukocyte counts in the first trimester with glucose intolerance during pregnancy
Wang, L., Li, W., Zhang, S., Liu, H., Li, W., Hu, T., & Leng, J. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13633 · Cited by 4
Effect of adipose‐derived exosome and exosomal miRNA on glycolipid metabolism
Xie, D., Li, J., Jiang, P., Xue, X., & Wu, L. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Discovery · doi:10.1002/ctd2.134 · Cited by 4
Ningsih, S., Kusumastuti, S. A., Nuralih, N., Fajriawan, A. A., Permatasari, D., Yunianto, P., Ramadhan, D., Wulansari, M. T., Firdausi, N., Nurhadi, N., et al. (2023) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/13813455.2023.2273221 · Cited by 4
Oliboni, L., Casarin, J. N., & Chielle, E. O. (2016) · Clinical & Biomedical Research · doi:10.4322/2357-9730.65335 · Cited by 5
Ryan, V. H., Trayhurn, P., Hunter, L., Morris, P., & German, A. J. (2011) · Domestic Animal Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.06.001 · Cited by 4
The Relationship Among Obesity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance
Bastard, J., & Fève, B. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118395318.ch17 · Cited by 4
Obesity and Disease: Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Proietto, J. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470987087.ch13 · Cited by 4
Do Resistin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Relate to Changes in Insulin Resistance in Normal Pregnancy?
Zarei, S. (2010) · American journal of biochemistry & biotechnology/American journal of biochemistry and biotechnology · doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2010.19.24 · Cited by 4
“Recent researches have been shown adipokinins include leptin (McLachlan et al., 2006) resistin (Lu et al., 2006; Caja et al., 2005) IL-6 (Senn et al., 2002) and TNF-α (Zinman et al., 1999; Kirwan et al., 2002; Melczer, 2002; Gwozdziewiczová et al., 2004) play an important role in insulin resistance.”
BackgroundSteffen, T. L., Stafford, J. D., Bocke, C. R., Samson, W. K., & Yosten, G. L. C. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00233.2024 · Cited by 3
Ashwagandha withanolides, Withaferin-A, and Withanone for natural interventions in aging and obesity
Yoshitomi, R., Nanda, R., Hirano, K., Kaul, S. C., Dhanjal, J. K., & Wadhwa, R. (2025) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2025.112126 · Cited by 3
Maličević, U., Rai, V., Škrbić, R., & Agrawal, D. K. (2026) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-025-05474-x · Cited by 3
Li, Y., Song, W., Huan, C., Xu, K., Sun, J., Zhen, X., Ouyang, H., Tang, H., Fan, Q., Zhi, W., et al. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.109089 · Cited by 3
Elsayed, A. M., lbrahim, W. M., Grawesh, S. A., & Elbadawy, A. (2022) · The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.21608/ejhm.2022.239183 · Cited by 3
“The insulin sensitivity index was highly linked to circulating IL-6 levels ((17,18)).”
BackgroundAgognon, A. L., Casertano, M., Vito, A., Orso, S., Cabaro, S., Mormone, F., Morelli, M. C., Perruolo, G., Formisano, P., Menna, M., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25116039 · Cited by 3
“In particular, IL6, CCL2 (also called MCP1), and IL1 β inhibit insulin signaling in HepG2 cells, and this effect is, in part, prevented by the antidiabetic drug metformin, which, however, can cause side effects [5–10].”
BackgroundKumar, S., Wee, J.-J., & Kumar, K. J. S. (2025) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid5070105 · Cited by 4
COVID-19 Related Predisposition to Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Santharaman, A., Raj, K., Sankaramangalam, K. P., Dewan, S., Sapkota, S., Chandna, S., Shah, M., Singh, D., Bassi, M., Luo, H., et al. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.36674 · Cited by 3
“IL-6 has also been indicated in the facilitation of ketogenesis through induction of cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes [39].”
BackgroundXu, K., Ji, F., Yang, Y., Chang, R., & Ma, A. (2024) · ACS Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00806 · Cited by 3
Role of metabolic endotoxemia in insulin resistance and obesity. The Buffering Efficiency Hypothesis
Navarrete, J. M., & Fernández‐Real, J. M. (2009) · Avances en Diabetología · Cited by 3
Classen, J. B. (2008) · The Open Endocrinology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874216500802010009 · Cited by 3
“In addition IL-6 has been directly associated with the development of diabetes [26], insulin resistance [60] and altered lipid levels [6163].”
BackgroundInflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Carrero, J. J., & Stenvinkel, P. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391934-2.00005-9 · Cited by 3
The Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Disease
Creely, S. J., Anwar, A. J., & Kumar, S. (2005) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-908-7:281 · Cited by 3
Barking up the wrong tree: What’s the deal with obesity, adiponectin and inflammation in dogs?
German, A. J. (2012) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.015 · Cited by 3
Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin-6 in Diabetic Retinopathy
., A. A. B., Arafa, L. F., & Ghanem, A. A. (2004) · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/pjbs.2004.1858.1864 · Cited by 3
Villaca, C. B. P., & Mastracci, T. L. (2024) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c230008 · Cited by 12
“The presence of IL-6 correlates with diabetes development after AP; studies suggest that IL-6 increases hepatocyte insulin resistance, contributing to diabetes onset (72, 195).”
Waheed, H. J., & Numan, N. A. M. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.20086 · Cited by 3
Hepatitis C Virus and Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Post‐DAA Management
Chang, S., Liu, C., Chan, S., & Lin, L. (2026) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.70952 · Cited by 2
El paradigma inmune Th1-Th2: un vínculo entre obesidad, aterosclerosis y diabetes mellitus
Flores, M., Peralta-Zaragoza, Ó., & Barquera-Cervera, S. (2005) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0214-9168(05)73348-9 · Cited by 2
Influence of dietary treatment on lipid metabolism in metabolic syndrome.
Teparić, R., Landeka, I., Tomić, J., & Đikić, D. (2012) · University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE) · Cited by 2
Larazotide acetate as a preventive and therapeutic pharmacotherapy in obesity and metabolic syndrome
Refaei, A. H. A. (2022) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110940 · Cited by 2
Factors in Serum from Type 2 Diabetes Patients Can Cause Cellular Insulin Resistance
Renström, F., Burén, J., Svensson, M. K. E., & Eriksson, J. W. (2009) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1220751 · Cited by 2
Fatouros, I. G., & Mitrakou, A. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b12085-16 · Cited by 2
Cytokines in Chronic Inflammation
Langhans, W. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-0552-5_22 · Cited by 2
THE ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN EXERCISE AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE
Groshong, J. S. (2013) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 2
Скелетні м’язи як ендокринний регулятор розвитку метаболічного синдрому
Drozdovska, S. B., Hurenko, O. O., & Порадун, Ю. (2021) · Спортивна медицина фізична терапія та ерготерапія · doi:10.32652/spmed.2021.2.13-22 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Senn, J. J., Klover, P. J., Nowak, I. A., & Mooney, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Mooney, Robert A.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2002-12-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3391-3399
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2130078845
- Cited by
- 883
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 23.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (PHS R01 38138)
- U.S. Public Health Service
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, insulin resistance, hepatocytes, insulin receptor signaling, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p85 regulatory subunit, Akt activation, glycogen synthesis, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptor, Insulin, Time Factors, Tyrosine, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Hepatocytes, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Mice, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
