Cited by 1,203Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsDiabetes Management and Research

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Diabetes and Glucose Tolerance as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Study

Kannel, W B, McGee, D L·1979·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.2.2.120

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Abstract

This report examines prospectively, in the Framingham cohort, the relation of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance to each of the cardiovascular sequelae, taking into account age, sex, and associated cardiovascular risk factors. The incidence of cardiovascular disease, as well as the levels of cardiovascular risk factors, were found to be higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic men and women. The relative impact of diabetes on coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, or stroke incidence was the same in men and women, but for cardiovascular mortality and cardiac failure the impact is greater for women. Present evidence suggests that alleviation of associated cardiovascular risk factors is the most promising course in reducing cardiovascular sequelae in diabetic patients.

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“The prevalence of lowerextremity occlusive arterial disease in diabetics is four times more prevalent than in nondiabetics of a similar age [38].”
Background
Importance of Small Intestine in Diabetic Hypercholesterolemia
Feingold, K. R. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.2.141 · Cited by 36
“The increase in plasma cholesterol levels associated with poor glycemic control is relatively modest (20-50 mg/dl), but based on epidemiological studies in diabetic patients (2,3) and therapeutic trials in nondiabetic subjects (7), these modest elevations could have harmful consequences.”
BackgroundInfluential
Does Diabetes Have a Protective Effect on Migraine?
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Sinoatrial node dysfunction induces cardiac arrhythmias in diabetic mice
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“The incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher among diabetic patients [2], and they often die from cardiovascular complications [3].”
Background
An ultrathin iron-porphyrin based nanocapsule with high peroxidase-like activity for highly sensitive glucose detection
Fan, X., Tian, R., Wang, T., Liu, S., Wang, L., Xu, J., Liu, J., Ma, M., & Wu, Z. (2018) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c8nr07288d · Cited by 35
Liver fibrosis is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with liver biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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Effects of long-term supplementation with moderate pharmacologic doses of vitamin E are saturable and reversible in patients with type 1 diabetes
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Preventable Coronary Heart Disease Events from Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in US Adults With Diabetes (Projections from Utilizing the UKPDS Risk Engine)
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The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on global longitudinal strain over a decade in the general population: the copenhagen city heart study
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Role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy
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Impaired endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus rats was restored by oral administration of prostaglandin I2 analogue
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“DM is characterized by the premature development of microvascular and macrovascular disease (Kannel & McGee 1979, Graier et al. 1993, Hsueh & Anderson 1993), and hyperglycaemia is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (Henry & Genuth 1996).”
Background
Noninvasive assessment of cardiac risk in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients being evaluated for pancreatic transplantation using thallium‐201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
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Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
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The Impact of Antidiabetic Therapies on Diastolic Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
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Targets to retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy
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Systolic blood pressure as a predictor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. A 5-year longitudinal study.
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Asymptomatic Hyperglycemia and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease in the Elderly
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“In fact, we expected the opposite because previous cross-sectional (36,37) and prospective (8,29,34,38,39) studies demonstrated that middle-aged women with IGT or asymptomatic hyperglycemia, similarly as women with NIDDM, have greater relative risk of CHD than corresponding men.”
Result

Authors: Kannel, W. B., & McGee, D. L.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 1979-03-01
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 120-126
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.2.2.120
OpenAlex: W2059537042
Cited by: 1,203
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 4.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, cardiovascular risk, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, heart failure, sex differences, cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham cohort
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk, Sex Factors, Diabetes Complications

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Diabetes and Glucose Tolerance as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Study

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