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Is Type II Diabetes Associated With an Increased Risk of Cognitive Dysfunction?: A critical review of published studies
Abstract
Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes may be associated with impaired cognitive function. A detailed search of the literature has identified 19 controlled studies in which cognitive function in type II diabetes has been examined. The studies vary widely with respect to the nature of the diabetic populations studied and the psychological tests used. Thirteen studies demonstrated that the diabetic individuals performed more poorly in at least one aspect of cognitive function. The most commonly affected cognitive ability was verbal memory. Psychomotor ability and frontal lobe function were affected less consistently. The remaining six studies showed no differences in cognitive ability between subjects with type II diabetes and nondiabetic control subjects, but none had adequate statistical power to detect a between-group difference in cognitive ability of 0.5 of a standard deviation (a medium effect size). These findings are consistent with type II diabetes being associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. However, the widespread differences in methodology between the studies should lead to a cautious interpretation of their conclusions. The etiology of any cognitive decrement in type II diabetes is likely to result from an interaction between metabolic abnormalities intrinsic to diabetes, diabetes-specific complications, and other diabetes-related disorders.
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In the citing paper
“There is a growing literature indicating that individuals with diabetes have impairments in recent memory (3–6).”
From Reduced glucose tolerance is associated with poor memory performance and hippocampal atrophy among normal elderly (2003) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, only one [7] of the review articles that summarised the available data pertaining to this relationship [4, 6 -11] provided a quantitative estimate.”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“As these domains may be selectively impaired in people with diabetes the MMSE/3MS will underestimate the impact of diabetes on cognitive function [10].”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [10]
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Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Biessels, G. J., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70284-2 · Cited by 2,187
Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums
Arnold, S. E., Arvanitakis, Z., Macauley-Rambach, S. L., Koenig, A. M., Wang, H.-Y., Ahima, R. S., Craft, S., Gandy, S., Buettner, C., Stoeckel, L. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185 · Cited by 1,597
Seaquist, E. R., Anderson, J., Childs, B., Cryer, P., Dagogo-Jack, S., Fish, L., Heller, S. R., Rodriguez, H., Rosenzweig, J., & Vigersky, R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2480 · Cited by 1,389
“Tominimize the risk of hypoglycemia in the elderly, careful education regarding the symptoms and treatment of hypoglycemia, with regular reinforcement, is extremely important because of the recognized gaps in the knowledge base of these individuals (59).”
BackgroundKirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., Huang, E. S., Korytkowski, M. T., Munshi, M. N., Odegard, P. S., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1801 · Cited by 1,274
Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies
Cukierman, T., Gerstein, H. C., & Williamson, J. D. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0023-4 · Cited by 1,049
“As these domains may be selectively impaired in people with diabetes the MMSE/3MS will underestimate the impact of diabetes on cognitive function [ 10 ].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Strachan, M. W. J., Deary, I. J., Ewing, F. M. E., & Frier, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1997-03-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 438-445
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W1967789041
- Cited by
- 529
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 7.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment, verbal memory, psychomotor performance, frontal lobe function, diabetes complications, metabolic abnormalities, effect size
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk Factors
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