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Levels and Risks of Depression and Anxiety Symptomatology Among Diabetic Adults
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine levels of depression and anxiety symptoms among adults with diabetes and identify factors associated with increased risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study administered self-report symptom inventories to patients at the beginning (n = 634) and end (n = 578) of an outpatient diabetes education program. Subjects (n = 246) contacted by mail 6 months later completed the same instruments. RESULTS: Rates of disturbance for depression (41.3%; 95% CI: 37.4–45.2%) and anxiety (49.2%; 95% CI: 45.3–53.1%) were higher than those typical in the general population (10–20%). Probability of disturbance ranged from 5–7% for those with the lowest risk profile to 82–92% for those with the highest risk profile. Diabetes-related complications were the only disease factor associated with significantly increased risk of disturbance. Women and those with less education were at much higher risk. Only 13% of those followed for 6 months were disturbed at all three time-points. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes is associated with increased risk of psychological disturbance, especially for those with more diabetes-related complications. Sociodemographic factors account for much of the risk differential among people with diabetes.
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“comorbid depression is often associated with a worse course of the physical disorder.114–116 A number of reasons could be involved here, but one of the most consistently documented is that depression is often associated with non-adherence to treatment regimens.112, 117, 118”
From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [115]
In the citing paper
“Studies of the prevalence of co-occurring anxiety and affective disorders have also yielded mixed results [9–11]”
From A longitudinal study of affective and anxiety disorders, depressive affect and diabetes distress in adults with type 2 diabetes (2008) · cites this paper as [11]
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The Prevalence of Comorbid Depression in Adults With Diabetes
Anderson, R. J., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.6.1069 · Cited by 3,926
The Epidemiology of Depression Across Cultures
Kessler, R. C., & Bromet, E. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409 · Cited by 2,657
Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis
de Groot, M., Anderson, R., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200107000-00015 · Cited by 1,799
Kirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., Huang, E. S., Korytkowski, M. T., Munshi, M. N., Odegard, P. S., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1801 · Cited by 1,274
Rubin, R. R., & Peyrot, M. F. (1999) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199905/06)15:3 · Cited by 1,147
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Metadata
- Authors
- Peyrot, M., & Rubin, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- ORCID
- Peyrot, Mark
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1997-04-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 585-590
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2095264320
- Cited by
- 488
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- depression, anxiety, diabetes mellitus, psychological distress, diabetes complications, risk factors, sociodemographic factors, diabetes education, women, educational attainment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Anxiety, Black or African American, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Education, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Personality Inventory, Probability, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, White People, Diabetes Complications
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