Anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes
Abstract
Aims To identify the prevalence and major determinants of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes. Methods A cross‐sectional study of 2049 people with Types 1 and 2 diabetes, selected from patients experiencing three different models of care in Ireland: (i) traditional mixed care; (ii) hospital/general practitioner (GP) shared care; (iii) structured GP care. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Analyses were conducted primarily using logistic regression with adjustment for relevant confounders. Results The overall response rate was 71% (n = 1456). Based on the HADS, there was evidence of high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes; 32.0% (95% confidence interval = 29.5–34.6%) exceeded the HADS cut‐off score of ‘mild to severe’ anxiety and 22.4% (95% confidence interval = 20.2–24.7%) exceeded the HADS cut‐off score of ‘mild to severe’ depression. Diabetes complications, smoking, uncertainty about glycaemic control and being an ex‐drinker or a heavy drinker were risk factors for both higher anxiety and depression scores in multivariate analysis. Female gender and poor glycaemic control were risks factors associated only with higher anxiety scores. Higher socio‐economic status and older age were protective factors for lower anxiety and depression scores. Type of diabetes, insulin use, marital status and models of care were not significant predictors of anxiety and depression scores. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes is considerably higher than in general population samples. These data serve as a benchmark for the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes.
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Anxiety is linked to worse glucose control.
“subsequent research in small cross-sectional studies has generally supported a link between anxiety and worse glucose control 112-114”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [113]
In diabetes, anxiety disorders (32%) are more prevalent than depression (22%).
“Collins et al. suggested that anxiety disorders (32%) were more prevalent than depression (22%) in diabetes [19]”
Patients with diabetes are twice as likely to suffer from anxiety and depression than the general population.
“It is particularly relevant that patients with diabetes are twice as likely to suffer from anxiety and depression than the general population [242,243].”
From Anxiety, depression, and the microbiome: A role for gut peptides (2018) · cites this paper as [243]
Patients with diabetes are prone to have anxiety, depression, stress, or other negative emotions.
“Patients with diabetes are prone to have anxiety, depression, stress, or other negative emotions [66][67][68] .”
From The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention on patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Collins, M. M., Corcoran, P., & Perry, I. J.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Perry, I. J.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-161
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2164083250
- Cited by
- 465
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 11.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Research Board
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, anxiety, depression, prevalence, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, risk factors, diabetes complications, smoking, glycemic control, alcohol consumption, sex differences, socioeconomic status, models of care, primary care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delivery of Health Care, Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Ireland, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Young Adult
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