Smoking and diabetes
Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on diabetes and smoking related to epidemiological risks, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of different cessation approaches, and implications for clinical practice. Over 200 studies were reviewed, with special emphasis placed on publications within the past 10 years. Intervention studies that included patients with diabetes but did not report results separately by disease are included. Diabetes-specific studies are highlighted. There are consistent results from both cross-sectional and prospective studies showing enhanced risk for micro- and macrovascular disease, as well as premature mortality from the combination of smoking and diabetes. The general cessation literature is extensive, generally well-designed, and encouraging regarding the impact of cost-effective practical office-based interventions. In particular, system-based approaches that make smoking a routine part of office contacts and provide multiple prompts, advice, assistance, and follow-up support are effective. Although there is minimal information on the effectiveness of cessation interventions specifically for people with diabetes, there is no reason to assume that cessation intervention would be more or less effective in this population. There is a clear need to increase the frequency of smoking cessation advice and counseling for patients with diabetes given the strong and consistent data on smoking prevalence; combined risks of smoking and diabetes for morbidity, mortality, and several complications; and the proven efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cessation strategies.
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Because of the effect of smoking on increasing risk of cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, and other complications of diabetes, smoking has an adverse effect on diabetes-related health outcomes.
“In addition, because of the effect of smoking on increasing risk of cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, and other complications of diabetes, smoking has an adverse effect on diabetes-related health outcomes (44).”
From Diabetes and Cancer (2010) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Haire-Joshu, D., Glasgow, R. E., & Tibbs, T. L.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- ORCID
- Haire-Joshu, D
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1999-11-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1887-1898
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2097373134
- Cited by
- 381
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 7.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- smoking, diabetes mellitus, smoking cessation, diabetes complications, microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, premature mortality, cost-effectiveness, cessation interventions, smoking cessation counseling
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Angiopathies, Health Policy, Humans, Risk Factors, Smoking, Prevalence, Smoking Cessation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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