Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Rationale for the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial

Goff, David C.; Gerstein, Hertzel C.; Ginsberg, Henry N.; Cushman, William C.; Margolis, Karen L.; Byington, Robert P.; Buse, John B.; Genuth, Saul; Probstfield, Jeffrey L.; Simons-Morton, Denise G.

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.002

Cited by 229Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Treatment and ManagementBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Rationale for the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial

Open access

Goff, David C., Gerstein, Hertzel C., Ginsberg, Henry N., Cushman, William C., Margolis, Karen L., Byington, Robert P., Buse, John B., Genuth, Saul +2 more·2007·The American Journal of Cardiology

DOI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.002

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus die of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at rates 2-4 times higher than patients without diabetes but with similar demographic characteristics. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the United States and, thus, the prevention of CVD in patients with diabetes poses an urgent public health challenge. The objective of this report is to review the current knowledge base for the prevention of CVD in patients with diabetes, with particular emphasis on the control of glycemia, lipids, and blood pressure. Epidemiologic analyses suggest that each 1% increase in glycosylated hemoglobin increases the risk for CVD by approximately 18%; however, evidence from the randomized trials that have examined whether glucose lowering reduces this risk is conflicting. Randomized trials have shown that lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduces CVD event rates by 17%-43% in patients with diabetes. Limited data support a role for lowering triglycerides and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the prevention of CVD. Evidence from clinical trials shows that reducing systolic blood pressure to <140 mm Hg results in 30%-60% reductions in CVD events; however, epidemiologic evidence suggests that lowering to optimal systolic blood pressure levels (<120 mm Hg) may be additionally beneficial. Important questions regarding prevention of CVD in patients with diabetes remain unresolved, including the benefits of near-normal glycemic control, comprehensive therapy for diabetes-related dyslipidemia, and optimal blood pressure control. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial will test hypotheses to address these unanswered questions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.002

Cites

133 of 133 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Hyperglycaemia is linearly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.
“As hyperglycaemia is linearly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk 143, 144”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [144]
When ACCORD was initiated, available evidence did not clearly support the hypothesis that aggressive lowering of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes would result in cardiovascular benefit.
“When the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was initiated, however, the available evidence did not clearly support the hypothesis that aggressive lowering of blood glucose concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes would result in cardiovascular benefit.5”
From The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study (2010) · cites this paper as [5]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.

Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II)
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944 · see citing works
Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011 · see citing works
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
(1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07019-6 · Cited by 20,023 · see citing works
Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study
Stratton, I. M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405 · Cited by 9,059 · see citing works
Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200001203420301 · Cited by 8,663 · see citing works
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
OLSSON, A. G., McMurray, J. J. V., Thorgeirsson, G., Spaulding, C. M., Slattery, J., Pyörälà, K., Færgeman, O., Wright, R. S., Berg, K. M., Wilhelmsen, L., et al. (1994) · The Lancet · Cited by 8,467 · see citing works
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Turner, R. C., Fox, C., Matthews, McElroy, H. H., Cull, C. A., Holman, R. R., Neil, P., Hadden, D. R., Wright, D., Manley, E., et al. (1998) · The Lancet · Cited by 8,419 · see citing works
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
(1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07037-8 · Cited by 8,247 · see citing works
Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes and in Nondiabetic Subjects with and without Prior Myocardial Infarction
Haffner, S. M., Lehto, S., Rönnemaa, T., Pyörälä, K., & Laakso, M. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199807233390404 · Cited by 7,000 · see citing works
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebocontrolled trial
(2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09327-3 · Cited by 6,992 · see citing works
Implications of Recent Clinical Trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N. B., Brewer, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., & Stone, N. J. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133317.49796.0e · Cited by 6,902 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins
(2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67394-1 · Cited by 6,848 · see citing works
Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
(1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7160.703 · Cited by 6,683 · see citing works
The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.157.21.2413 · Cited by 6,345 · see citing works
Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the hypertension optimal treatment (HOT) randomised trial
Hansson, L., Zanchetti, A., Carruthers, S. G., Dahlöf, B., Elmfeldt, D., Julius, S., Ménard, J., Rahn, K. H., Wedel, H., & Westerling, S. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)04311-6 · Cited by 5,728 · see citing works
Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Death with Pravastatin in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and a Broad Range of Initial Cholesterol Levels
(1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199811053391902 · Cited by 5,261 · see citing works
Primary Prevention of Acute Coronary Events With Lovastatin in Men and Women With Average Cholesterol Levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS
Downs, J. R., Clearfield, M., Weis, S., Whitney, E., Shapiro, D. R., Beere, P. A., Langendorfer, A., Stein, E. A., Kruyer, W., Gotto, Jr., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.20.1615 · Cited by 5,236 · see citing works
Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
(2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052187 · Cited by 5,138 · see citing works
Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes
Cannon, C. P., Braunwald, E., McCabe, C. H., Rader, D. J., Rouleau, J. L., Belder, R., Joyal, S. V., Hill, K. A., Pfeffer, M. A., & Skene, A. M. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040583 · Cited by 4,938 · see citing works
Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
Stearne, M. R., Palmer, S. L., Hammersley, M. S., Franklin, S. L., Spivey, R. S., Lévy, J., Tidy, C. R., Bell, N. J., Steemson, J., Barrow, B. A., et al. (1998) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 4,803 · see citing works
Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Gæde, P., Vedel, P., Larsen, N., Jensen, G. V. H., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021778 · Cited by 4,378 · see citing works
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 4,290 · see citing works
Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients
Altman, R., Carreras, L., Díaz, R. S., Figueroa, E. B., Paolasso, E., Parodi, J. C., Cade, J. F., Donnan, G. A., Eadie, M. J., Gavaghan, T. P., et al. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6921.81 · Cited by 4,198 · see citing works
Diabetes, Other Risk Factors, and 12-Yr Cardiovascular Mortality for Men Screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Stamler, J., Vaccaro, O., Neaton, J. D., Wentworth, D., & The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.2.434 · Cited by 4,063 · see citing works
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study
Kannel, W. B. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.241.19.2035 · Cited by 3,958 · see citing works
Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-Prevention Trial with Gemfibrozil in Middle-Aged Men with Dyslipidemia
Frick, M. H., Elo, O., Haapa, K., Heinonen, O. P., Heinsalmi, P., Helo, P., Huttunen, J. K., Kaitaniemi, P., Koskinen, P., Manninen, V., et al. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711123172001 · Cited by 3,881 · see citing works
The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420033005 · Cited by 3,777 · see citing works
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial
Colhoun, H. M., Betteridge, D. J., Durrington, P. N., Hitman, G. A., W Neil, H. A., Livingstone, S. J., Thomason, M. J., Mackness, M. I., Charlton-Menys, V., & Fuller, J. H. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16895-5 · Cited by 3,755 · see citing works
Intensive Lipid Lowering with Atorvastatin in Patients with Stable Coronary Disease
LaRosa, J. C., Grundy, S. M., Waters, D. D., Shear, C., Barter, P., Fruchart, J.-C., Gotto, A. M., Greten, H., Kastelein, J. J. P., Shepherd, J., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050461 · Cited by 3,489 · see citing works
Gemfibrozil for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Men with Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Rubins, H. B., Robins, S. J., Collins, D., Fye, C. L., Anderson, J. W., Elam, M. B., Faas, F. H., Linares, E., Schaefer, E. J., Schectman, G., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908053410604 · Cited by 3,439 · see citing works
Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial
Shepherd, J., Blauw, G. J., Murphy, M. B., Bollen, E. L., Buckley, B. M., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Gaw, A., Hyland, M., Jukema, J. W., et al. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11600-x · Cited by 3,378 · see citing works
COLLABORATIVE OVERVIEW OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY .1. PREVENTION OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, AND STROKE BY PROLONGED ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS
Altman, R., Carreras, L., Díaz, R. S., Figueroa, E. B., Paolasso, E., Parodi, J. C., Cade, J. F., Donnan, G. A., Eadie, M. J., Gavaghan, T. P., et al. (1994) · Cited by 3,322 · see citing works
Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial
(2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67667-2 · Cited by 3,284 · see citing works
Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy
(2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)12323-7 · Cited by 3,179 · see citing works
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
Pedersen, T. R. (2004) · Atherosclerosis Supplements · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.08.027 · Cited by 3,098 · see citing works
Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study.
Ohkubo, Y., Kishikawa, H., Araki, E., Miyata, T., Isami, S., Motoyoshi, S., Kojima, Y., Furuyoshi, N., & Shichiri, M. (1995) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(95)01064-k · Cited by 3,079 · see citing works
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Study
Kannel, W. B. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1979.03290450033020 · Cited by 2,936 · see citing works
The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results: I. Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
(1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340270029025 · Cited by 2,747 · see citing works
Final Report on the Aspirin Component of the Ongoing Physicians' Health Study
Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198907203210301 · Cited by 2,269 · see citing works
Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study
Adler, A. I. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.412 · Cited by 2,133 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 2,095 · see citing works
Self-citation
Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS: 23)
Turner, R. C., Millns, H., Neil, H. A. W., Stratton, I. M., Manley, S. E., Matthews, D. R., & Holman, R. R. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7134.823 · Cited by 2,014 · see citing works
The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years
Coutinho, M., Gerstein, H. C., Wang, Y., & Yusuf, S. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.2.233 · Cited by 1,685 · see citing works
Self-citation
Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus
Selvin, E., Marinopoulos, S., Berkenblit, G., Rami, T., Brancati, F. L., Powe, N. R., & Golden, S. H. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00007 · Cited by 1,657 · see citing works
Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year
Malmberg, K., Rydén, L., Efendic, S., Herlitz, J., Nicol, P., Waldenstrom, A., Wedel, H., & Welin, L. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00126-k · Cited by 1,560 · see citing works
Major Outcomes in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Pravastatin vs Usual Care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT)
The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research; Group, T. A. O. A. C. F. T. A. C. R. G. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.23.2998 · Cited by 1,325 · see citing works
Secondary Prevention by Raising HDL Cholesterol and Reducing Triglycerides in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: The Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Study
(2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.1.21 · Cited by 1,273 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DeFronzo, R. A. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00008 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
The Effect of Nisoldipine as Compared with Enalapril on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes and Hypertension
Estacio, R. O., Jeffers, B. W., Hiatt, W. R., Biggerstaff, S. L., Gifford, N., & Schrier, R. W. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199803053381003 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works
Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity
Malmberg, K., Rydén, L., Wedel, H., Birkeland, K., Bootsma, A., Dickstein, K., Efendic, S., Fisher, M., Hamsten, A., Herlitz, J., et al. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi199 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Events and Their Reduction With Pravastatin in Diabetic and Glucose-Intolerant Myocardial Infarction Survivors With Average Cholesterol Levels: Subgroup Analyses in the Cholesterol And Recurrent Events (CARE) Trial
Goldberg, R. B., Mellies, M. J., Sacks, F. M., Moyé, L. A., Howard, B. V., Howard, W. J., Davis, B. R., Cole, T. G., Pfeffer, M. A., & Braunwald, E. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.23.2513 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Association of Hemoglobin A <sub>1c</sub> with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk
Khaw, K.-T., Wareham, N., Bingham, S., Luben, R., Welch, A., & Day, N. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00006 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Effect of Diuretic-Based Antihypertensive Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Diabetic Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Curb, J. D. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540230036032 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Effects of Calcium-Channel Blockade in Older Patients with Diabetes and Systolic Hypertension
Tuomilehto, J. O., Rastenytė, D., Birkenhäger, W. H., Thijs, L., Antikaínen, R., Bulpitt, C. J., FLETCHER, A. E., Forette, F., Goldhaber, A., Palatini, P., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199903043400902 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
Incidence of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs
Graham, D. J. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.21.2585 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Diabetes and Decline in Heart Disease Mortality in US Adults
Gu, K. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.14.1291 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Effect of fenofibrate on progression of coronary-artery disease in type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study, a randomised study
Steiner, G. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04209-4 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Glycometabolic State at Admission: Important Risk Marker of Mortality in Conventionally Treated Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Malmberg, K., Norhammar, A., Wedel, H., & Rydén, L. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.20.2626 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Influence of Pravastatin and Plasma Lipids on Clinical Events in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS)
(1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.15.1440 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Effects of Different Blood Pressure–Lowering Regimens on Major Cardiovascular Events in Individuals With and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.12.1410 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Impact of Diabetes on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Unstable Angina and Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Malmberg, K., Yusuf, S., Gerstein, H. C., Brown, J., Zhao, F., Hunt, D. U., Piegas, L. S., Calvin, J. E., Keltai, M., Budaj, A., et al. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.9.1014 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of fenofibrate on progression of coronary-artery disease in type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study, a randomised study
Steiner, G. A. (2001) · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Fluvastatin for Prevention of Cardiac Events Following Successful First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention A Randomized Controlled Trial
Serruys, P. W. J. C. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.24.3215 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles.
Reaven, G. M., Chen, Y. I., Jeppesen, J., Maheux, P., & Krauss, R. M. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116541 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women
Manson, J. E. (1991) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400060077013 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial: Design and Methods
Buse, J. B. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.003 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Self-citation
Why is diabetes mellitus a stronger risk factor for fatal ischemic heart disease in women than in men? The Rancho Bernardo Study
Barrett-Connor, E. L. (1991) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.265.5.627 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in relation to degree of glycaemia: the Whitehall study.
Fuller, J., Shipley, M. J., Rose, G., Jarrett, R. J., & KEEN, H. (1983) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.287.6396.867 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetes
Fox, C. S. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.20.2495 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
High Blood Glucose Concentration Is a Risk Factor for Mortality in Middle-Aged Nondiabetic Men: 20-year follow-up in the Whitehall Study, the Paris Prospective Study, and the Helsinki Policemen Study
Balkau, B., Shipley, M. J., Jarrett, R. J., Pyörälà, K., Pyörälä, M., Forhan, A., & Eschwège, É. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.3.360 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
NIDDM and Its Metabolic Control Predict Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Subjects
Kuusisto, J., Mykkänen, L. M., Pyörälà, K., & Laakso, M. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.8.960 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol Substantially Below Currently Recommended Levels in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes
Shepherd, J., Barter, P., Carmena, R., Deedwania, P., Fruchart, J.-C., Haffner, S., Hsia, J., Breazna, A., LaRosa, J., Grundy, S., et al. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2465 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Long-term Renoprotective Effect of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition in Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Ravid, M. (1996) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.156.3.286 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Effects of Diabetes and Level of Glycemia on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: The San Antonio Heart Study
Wei, M., Gaskill, S. P., Haffner, S., & Stern, M. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.7.1167 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Aspirin Effects on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Kassoff, A. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490100090033 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Reduced Coronary Events in Simvastatin-Treated Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes or Impaired Fasting Glucose Levels: Subgroup Analyses in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study
Haffner, S. M. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.22.2661 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Clinical Outcome in the Thrombolytic Era of Acute Myocardial Infarction fn1fn1The GUSTO-I study was supported by a combined grant from Bayer, New York, New York; CIBA-Corning, Medfield, Massachusetts; Genetech, South San Francisco, California; ICI Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware; and Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Paris, France.
Mak, K., Moliterno, D. J., Granger, C. B., Miller, D. P., White, H. D., Wilcox, R. G., Califf, R. M., & Topol, E. J. (1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00118-6 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Why Is Diabetes Mellitus a Stronger Risk Factor for Fatal Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Than in Men?
Barrett-Connor, E. L. (1991) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03460050081025 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes
Colwell, J. A. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.11.1767 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Reduction in Cardiovascular Events With Atorvastatin in 2,532 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Sever, P. S., Poulter, N. R., Dahlöf, B., Wedel, H., Collins, R., Beevers, G., Caulfield, M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kristinsson, A., McInnes, G. T., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1151 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Use of Enalapril To Attenuate Decline in Renal Function in Normotensive, Normoalbuminuric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ravid, M., Brosh, D., Levi, Z., Bar-Dayan, Y., Ravid, D., & Rachmani, R. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_part_1-199806150-00004 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Smoking and diabetes
Haire-Joshu, D., Glasgow, R. E., & Tibbs, T. L. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.11.1887 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia Predict Coronary Heart Disease Events in Middle-Aged Patients With NIDDM
Lehto, S., Rönnemaa, T., Haffher, S. M., Pyörälà, K., Kallio, V., & Laakso, M. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.8.1354 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Diabetes, Blood Lipids, and the Role of Obesity in Coronary Heart Disease Risk for Women
Gordon, T., Castelli, W. P., Hjortland, M. C., Kannel, W. B., & Dawber, T. R. (1977) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-87-4-393 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Albuminuria and Poor Glycemic Control Predict Mortality in NIDDM
Gall, M. ‐., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Hougaard, P., Nielsen, F. S., & Parving, H. ‐. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.44.11.1303 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Diabetes in America, 2nd edition
Harris, M. I. (1995) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(95)90020-9 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Long-term Renoprotective Effect of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition in Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Ravid, M. (1996) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440030080010 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Effectiveness and tolerability of simvastatin plus fenofibrate for combined hyperlipidemia (the SAFARI trial)
Grundy, S. M., Vega, G. L., Yuan, Z., Battisti, W. P., Brady, W. E., & Palmisano, J. (2005) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.10.012 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Factors Predictive of Long-Term Coronary Heart Disease Mortality among 10,059 Male Israeli Civil Servants and Municipal Employees
Goldbourt, U., Yaari, S., & Medalie, J. H. (2008) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000175862 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
LDL subclass phenotypes and triglyceride metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Feingold, K. R., Grünfeld, C., Pang, M., Doerrler, W. T., & Krauss, R. M. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.12.1496 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Lipoprotein Physiology in Nondiabetic and Diabetic States: Relationship to Atherogenesis
Ginsberg, H. N. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.9.839 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citation
The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study. A review
Turner, R. C. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.3.c35 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Cardiovascular events and correlates in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Feasibility Trial. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in Type II Diabetes
Abraira, C. (1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.157.2.181 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
A Prospective Population-Based Study of Microalbuminuria as a Predictor of Mortality in NIDDM
Neil, A., Hawkins, M. M., Potok, M. H. N., Thorogood, M., Cohen, D., & Mann, J. I. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.7.996 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Long-Term Glycemic Control Relates to Mortality in Type II Diabetes
Andersson, D. K. G., & Svärdsudd, K. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.12.1534 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
The Association of Glycemia and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Diabetic Population
Moss, S. E. (1994) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1994.00420210113013 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Fasting blood glucose: an underestimated risk factor for cardiovascular death. Results from a 22-year follow-up of healthy nondiabetic men.
Bjørnholt, J. V., Erikssen, G., Aaser, E., Sandvik, L., NITTER‐HAUGE, S., Jervell, J., Erikssen, J., & Thaulow, E. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.1.45 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
A Metaregression Analysis of the Dose-Response Effect of Aspirin on Stroke
Johnson, E. S., Lanes, S., Wentworth, C. E., Satterfield, M. H., Abebe, B. L., & DICKER, L. W. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.11.1248 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The Importance of Hyperglycemia in the Nonfasting State to the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
Haffner, S. M. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.5.0343 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Background Paper for the American College of Physicians
Vijan, S. S., & Hayward, R. A. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00013 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Integrated Regulation of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride and Apolipoprotein-B Kinetics in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Kissebah, A. H., Alfarsi, S., Evans, D. J., & ADAMS, P. W. (1982) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.31.3.217 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Events and Correlates in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Feasibility Trial
Abraira, C. (1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440230053007 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Usefulness of Microalbuminuria in Predicting Cardiovascular Mortality in Treated Hypertensive Men With and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Agewall, S., Wikstrand, J., Ljungman, S., & Fagerberg, B. (1997) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00312-3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Recent trends in cardiovascular complications among men and women with and without diabetes
Booth, G. L., Kapral, M. K., Fung, K., & Tu, J. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-0776 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
LDL subclass phenotypes and triglyceride metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
RFeingold, K., CGrunfeld, MPang, WDoerrler, & MKrauss, R. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Dysglycaemia and risk of cardiovascular disease
Gerstein, H. C., & Yusuf, S. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91420-8 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citation
Eight to nine year mortality in known non-insulin dependent diabetics and controls
Damsgaard, E. M. S., Frøland, A., Jørgensen, O. D., & Mogensen, C. E. (1992) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1992.114 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus
(1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)90211-9 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Dysglycaemia and risk of cardiovascular disease
Jarrett, R. J., Yudkin, J., Coppack, S. W., Gerstein, H., Yusuf, S., Malhotra, P., Kumar, R., Kumari, S., & Singh, M. M. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91653-0 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citation
Benefits and risks of more intensive blood pressure lowering in hypertensive patients of the HOT study with different risk profiles
Zanchetti, A., Hansson, L., Clement, D. L., Elmfeldt, D., Julius, S., Rosenthal, T., Waeber, B., & Wedel, H. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200304000-00024 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Metabolism of Very Low Density Lipoproteins in Hyperlipidaemia: Studies of Apolipoprotein B Kinetics in Man
Sigurdsson, G. T., Nicoll, A. D., & Lewis, B. (1976) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1976.tb00508.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Ten-year survival after acute myocardial infarction: Comparison of patients with and without diabetes
Behar, S., Boyko, V., Reicher-Reiss, H., & Goldbourt, U. (1997) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70222-9 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Relationship of glucose and insulin levels to the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study
Gerstein, H. C., Pais, P. S., Pogue, J., & Yusuf, S. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00637-8 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: What We Know and What We Need To Know about Their Prevention
Savage, P. J. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_part_2-199601011-00008 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in NIDDM (ABCD) Trial
Schrier, R. W., Estacio, R. O., & Jeffers, B. (1996) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050629 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Exogenous Insulin Administration and Cardiovascular Risk in Non-Insulin-dependent and Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Genuth, S. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_part_2-199601011-00005 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of intensive therapy on early macrovascular disease in young individuals with type 1 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lawson, M. L., Gerstein, H. C., Tsui, E. Y. L., & Zinman, B. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evidence-Based Diabetes Care
Herman, W. H. (2002) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.20.1.22 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Effects of aggressive cholesterol lowering and low-dose anticoagulation on clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with diabetes: the Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial.
Hoogwerf, B. J., Waness, A., Cressman, M. D., Canner, J., CAMPEAU, L. A., Domański, M., Geller, N. L., Herd, A. J., Hickey, A., Hunninghake, D. B., et al. (1999) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.6.1289 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cardiovascular effects of sulphonylurea derivatives
Smits, P., & Thien, T. A. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf02369361 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Diabetes Care
Gerstein, H. C., & Haynes, R. B. (2001) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
Incidence of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: the London cohort of the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetics
Morrish, N. J., Stevens, L. K., Fuller, J., KEEN, H., & Jarrett, R. J. (1991) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400278 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Diabetes and Coronary Risk Equivalency
Grundy, S. M. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1904 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cardiovascular effects of sulphonylurea derivatives
Smits, P. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051438 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Metabolism in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship to Plasma Insulin and Free Fatty Acids
Howard, B. V., Reitman, J. S., Vasquez, B., & Zech, L. A. (1983) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.32.3.271 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Very low density lipoprotein metabolism in non-ketotic diabetes mellitus: Effect of dietary restriction
Ginsberg, H. N., & Grundy, S. M. (1982) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00260955 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reduced Plasma High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Concentrations Need Not Increase when Hyperglycemia Is Conttolled With insulin in Nonisnulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus*
Hollenbeck, C. B., Chen, Y. I., Greenfield, M. S., Lardinois, C. K., & Reaven, G. M. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-62-3-605 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Development of Macrovascular Diseases in NIDDM Patients in Northern Taiwan: A 4-yr follow-up study
Fu, C.-C., Chang, C.-J., Tseng, C., Chen, M., Kao, C.-S., Wu, T.-J., Wu, H.-P., Chuang, L., Chen, C., & Tai, T. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.1.137 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Postprandial State: Mechanisms of Glucose Intolerance
Dinneen, S. (1997) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199708)14:3+ · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dysglycemia: A Key Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Gerstein, H. C., & Capes, S. E. (2002) · Seminars in Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2002-32040 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Pathania, N., & Sachar, R. S. (1961) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5238.1505 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Untitled work
Marques (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199708)14:8

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 136 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 7

[16]16. Mak KH, Moliterno DJ, Granger CB, Miller DP, White HD, Wilcox RG, Califf RM, Topol EJ, for the GUSTO-1 [Global Utlization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Cor- onary Arteries] Investigators. Influence of diabetes mellitus on clin- ical outcome in the thrombolytic era of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:171-179.
[24]24. Turner RC. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study: a review. Diabetes Care 1998;21(suppl):C35-C38.
[26]26. Hadden DR, Patterson CC, Atkinson AB, Kennedy L, Bell PM, McCance DR, Weaver JA. Macrovascular disease and hyperglycae- mia: 10-year survival analysis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Belfast Diet Study. Diabet Med 1997;14:663-672.
[47]47. Genuth S. Exogenous insulin administration and cardiovascular risk in NIDDM and IDDM. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:104 -109.
[59]59. Ginsberg H, Grundy SM. Effect of caloric restriction on very low density lipoprotein triglyceride metabolism in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1982;23:421-425.
[61]61. Ginsberg HN. Lipoprotein physiology in nondiabetic and diabetic states. Diabetes Care 1991;14:839 -855.
[108]108. Laurie S. Sadler, Mary Griffith,* Ann Hornsby, Karen Klyn, Ellen Ospelt, Lucy Long, Mariellen DeSmit, Peggy McCann, Nicole Pero Schmidt.* University Suburban Health Center, South Euclid, OH: Adrian M. Schnall, Lori Dragmen, Renee Ellert, Jonathan Smith. Cleveland Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center (VAMC), Department of Medicine, and Ravenna Community Based Outpa- tient Clinic, Cleveland, OH: Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Leighanne Hustak, Mary Julius, William Schwing, Margaret Tiktin, Janet Anselmo,* Farideh Eskandari, Sheila Daymeyer,* Cynthia Hall, Debbie Hayes, Karen Horowitz, Souzan Isteitieh, Cynthia John- son, Elizabeth Kern, Mary Ann Richmond, Lynn Richardson, Kimberly Roberts,* Julie Shina, Ajay Sood, Pam Suhan,* Harris Taylor, Sharon Watts.* The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Lakewood Hospital Professional Building, Cleveland, OH: Byron J. Hoogwerf, Judith Brakeman, Mary Matzinger, Janet Newsome, Judith Becker,* Susan Bizjack,* Brenda Clingman,* Gloria Depi- etro,* Renee Ellert,* Carol Horner,* Gisela Bunae, Amir Hamra- hian, Augustus Hawkins, Theresa Head, Susan Iannica, Liz Jones, Peter Kaiser, Adi Mehta, Leann Olansky, Amy Orasko, Sethu Reddy, Deb Ross, Lauren Shockley, Elias Siraj,* Melanie Wil- liams, Robert Zimmerman. Your Diabetes Endocrine Nutrition Group, Mentor, OH: Daniel Weiss, Kathleen A. Fagan, Theresa M. Hanslik. Medical University of Ohio, Department of Medicine, 18i The American Journal of Cardiology (www.AJConline.org) Vol 99 (12A) June 18, 2007

Sorted by citations

Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802743 · Cited by 7,888 · see citing works
Effects of Combination Lipid Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1001282 · Cited by 2,837 · see citing works
The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study
Bonds, D. E., Miller, M. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Byington, R. P., Cutler, J. A., Dudl, R. J., Ismail-Beigi, F., Kimel, A. R., Hoogwerf, B., et al. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b4909 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
“When the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was initiated, however, the available evidence did not clearly support the hypothesis that aggressive lowering of blood glucose concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes would result in cardiovascular benefit.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern®
Flaxel, C. J., Adelman, R. A., Bailey, S. T., Fawzi, A. A., Lim, J. I., Vemulakonda, G. A., & Ying, G. (2019) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.025 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial: Design and Methods
Buse, J. B. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.003 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Self-citation
Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association
Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Anderson, C. A. M., Bray, G. A., Burke, L. E., de Boer, I. H., DEEDWANIA, P. C., Eckel, R. H., Ershow, A. G., FRADKIN, J. E., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci15-0012 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
“Observational Data Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of CVD, with event rates correlating with the degreeofhyperglycemia (126,127).”
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor
Hackett, R. A., & Steptoe, A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.64 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Epidemiologic relationships between A1c and all-cause mortality during a median 3.4-year follow-up of glycemic treatment in the ACCORD trial
Riddle, M. C., Ambrosius, W. T., Brillon, D. J., Buse, J. B., Byington, R. P., Cohen, R. M., Goff, D. C., Malozowski, S., Margolis, K. L., Probstfield, J. L., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1278 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citation
Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association
Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Anderson, C., Bray, G. A., Burke, L. E., de Boer, I. H., Deedwania, P., Eckel, R. H., Ershow, A. G., Fradkin, J., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000230 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Outcomes of combined cardiovascular risk factor management strategies in type 2 diabetes: the ACCORD randomized trial
Margolis, K. L., O’Connor, P. J., Morgan, T. M., Buse, J. B., Cohen, R. M., Cushman, W. C., Cutler, J. A., Evans, G. W., Gerstein, H. C., Grimm, R. H., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2334 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease
Zalesin, K. C., Franklin, B. A., Miller, W. M., Peterson, E. D., & McCullough, P. A. (2011) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.06.005 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“betes study is currently investigating the use of statins and fibrate therapy in diabetics to determine the value of combined treatments with regard to cardiovascular and allcause mortality outcomes.(89)”
Association of Fenofibrate Therapy With Long-term Cardiovascular Risk in Statin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Elam, M. B., Ginsberg, H. N., Lovato, L. C., Corson, M., Largay, J., Leiter, L. A., Lopez, C., O’Connor, P. J., Sweeney, M. E., Weiss, D., et al. (2017) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.4828 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citation
Beta-glucans in the treatment of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risks
Chen, J. (2008) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s3803 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria are independent predictors of cardiovascular events and death in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study
Drury, P. L., Ting, R., Zannino, D., Ehnholm, C., Flack, J., Whiting, M., Fassett, R., Ansquer, J.-C., Dixon, P., Davis, T. M. E., et al. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1854-1 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“Other recent trials of type 2 diabetes with high usage rates of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies (predominantly statins), such as the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study, have also reported fewer CVD events than expected [48].”
Background
Impact of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease
Zalesin, K. C., Franklin, B. A., Miller, W. M., Peterson, E. D., & McCullough, P. A. (2008) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.06.004 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Network pharmacology and metabolomics study on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine Huanglian Decoction in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Pan, L., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, B., Liu, G., & Liu, J. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112842 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Psychosocial Factors in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk
Hackett, R. A., & Steptoe, A. (2016) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0771-4 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Macrophage metabolism in atherosclerosis
Bories, G. F. P., & Leitinger, N. (2017) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12786 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Effects of Bilio-Pancreatic Diversion on Diabetic Complications
Iaconelli, A., Panunzi, S., Gaetano, A. D., Manco, M., Guidone, C., Leccesi, L., Gniuli, D., Nanni, G., Castagneto, M., Ghirlanda, G., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1761 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The changing face of diabetes in youth: lessons learned from studies of type 2 diabetes
Hannon, T. S., & Arslanian, S. A. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12939 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Vijayaraghavan, K. (2010) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-9-144 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Colesevelam lowers glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes: The clinical evidence
Fonseca, V. A., Handelsman, Y., & Staels, B. (2010) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01181.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Whole grain cereals: the potential roles of functional components in human health
Guo, H., Wu, H., Amin, S., & Li, Z. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1928596 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
For the Public's Health: the Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability
Mays, G. P. (2010) · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern®
Lim, J. I., Kim, S. J., Bailey, S. T., Kovach, J. L., Vemulakonda, G. A., Ying, G., & Flaxel, C. J. (2025) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.12.020 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression
Ruospo, M., Saglimbene, V. M., Palmer, S. C., De Cosmo, S., Pacilli, A., Lamacchia, O., Cignarelli, M., Fioretto, P., Vecchio, M., Craig, J. C., et al. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010137.pub2 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Insulin and glucose-lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Lo, C., Toyama, T., Wang, Y., Lin, J., Hirakawa, Y., Jun, M., Cass, A., Hawley, C. M., Pilmore, H., Badve, S. V., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011798.pub2 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Evolution of the Lipid Trial Protocol of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial
Ginsberg, H. N., Bonds, D. E., Lovato, L. C., Crouse, J. R., Elam, M. B., Linz, P. E., O’Connor, P. J., Leiter, L. A., Weiss, D., Lipkin, E., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.024 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“The question of the relative efficacy of combination herapy was compelling for 2 reasons: (1) the relative risk ersus benefit of combination therapy was not defined in a opulation with diabetes that characteristically presented ith high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol but in hom LDL cholesterol concentrations we…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
Clinical Complexity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Diabetes: The Health and Retirement Study
Blaum, C. S., Cigolle, C. T., Boyd, C., Wolff, J. L., Tian, Z., Langa, K. M., & Weir, D. R. (2010) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181ca4035 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Hyperglycemic Memory of Innate Immune Cells Promotes In Vitro Proinflammatory Responses of Human Monocytes and Murine Macrophages
Thiem, K., Keating, S. T., Netea, M. G., Riksen, N. P., Tack, C. J., van Diepen, J. A., & Stienstra, R. (2021) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1901348 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Dulaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analog fused with an Fc antibody fragment for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Jimenez‐Solem, E., Rasmussen, M. H., Christensen, M., & Knop, F. K. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Glycemic Control in Diabetic CKD Patients: Where Do We Stand?
Kovesdy, C. P., Sharma, K., & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K. (2008) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.04.011 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Lipids, lipid modifying agents and cardiovascular risk: a review of the evidence
Preiss, D., & Sattar, N. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03490.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers
Edens, M. A., Kuipers, F., & Stolk, R. P. (2009) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00594.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Plasma glucose and its advanced glycation endproducts are considered atherogenic (47,48) and predispose to CVD (49).”
Background
Review of the Long-Term Implantable Senseonics Continuous Glucose Monitoring System and Other Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems
Joseph, J. I. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296820911919 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predicts acute ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 7‐year follow‐up study
Ko, S., Song, K., Park, S. A., Kim, S. R., Y., B., Son, H., Moon, K., Yoo, K., Park, Y., Cho, J. H., et al. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02567.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Reactive oxygen‐derived free radicals are key to the endothelial dysfunction of diabetes
Shi, Y., & Vanhoutte, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2009.00030.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Because diabetes is such an important risk factor for the occurrence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, it is not surprising that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.(1) There is considerable evidence demonstrating impairment of endothelium-dependent…”
Background
Diabetes propels the risk for cardiovascular disease: sweet monocytes becoming aggressive?
van Diepen, J. A., Thiem, K., Stienstra, R., Riksen, N. P., Tack, C. J., & Netea, M. G. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2316-9 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Genetic Variants in CPA6 and PRPF31 Are Associated With Variation in Response to Metformin in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Rotroff, D. M., Yee, S. W., Zhou, K., Marvel, S. W., Shah, H., Jack, J. R., Havener, T. M., Hedderson, M. M., Kubo, M., Herman, M. A., et al. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db17-1164 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cystatin C– and Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Vascular Disease, and Mortality in Persons With Diabetes in the U.S.
Tsai, C.-W., Grams, M. E., Inker, L. A., Coresh, J., & Selvin, E. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1910 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Associations of Age at Diagnosis and Duration of Diabetes With Morbidity and Mortality Among Older Adults
Cigolle, C. T., Blaum, C. S., Lyu, C., Ha, J., Kabeto, M. U., & Zhong, J. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.32766 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats
Yin, Y., Qi, F., Song, Z., Zhang, B., & Teng, J. (2014) · BioScience Trends · doi:10.5582/bst.2014.01081 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Effects of intensive glucose lowering in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus on cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of data from 58,160 patients in 13 randomized controlled trials
Fang, H.-J., Zhou, Y.-H., Tian, Y.-J., Du, H.-Y., Sun, Y.-X., & Zhong, L.-Y. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.163 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Residual Risk Factors to Predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Lin, F., Tseng, W.-K., Yin, W., Yeh, H., Chen, J., & Wu, C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08741-0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lack of Association Between Thiazolidinediones and Macular Edema in Type 2 Diabetes
Ambrosius, W. T. (2010) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.310 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The safety of thiazolidinediones
Tolman, K. G. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.534982 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“It was reasonable to assume that lowering HgbA1C would reduce CVD risk and indeed an early study (ACCORD) supported this expectation [58].”
Background
A Review of Lipid Management in Primary and Secondary Prevention
Dembowski, E., & Davidson, M. H. (2009) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0b013e318192754e · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Older Adults
Cigolle, C. T., Blaum, C. S., & Halter, J. B. (2009) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2009.09.001 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Pharmacodynamics of the long‐acting insulin analogues detemir and glargine following single‐doses and under steady‐state conditions in patients with type 1 diabetes
Koehler, G., Treiber, G. M., Wutte, A., Korsatko, S., Mader, J. K., Semlitsch, B., & Pieber, T. R. (2013) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12178 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Improving longterm glycaemic control with intensive insulin treatment reduces the risk of developing chronic diabetes-related vascular complications, and can also delay the progression of already existing complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes [1,2].”
Background
Cpap therapy for patients with sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus improves control of blood pressure
Lam, J. C. M., Lai, A. Y. K., Tam, T. C. C., Yuen, M. M. A., Lam, K. S. L., & Ip, M. S. M. (2017) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-016-1428-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Induction of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Is Critical for Simvastatin Enhancement of High-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Anti-Inflammatory Actions in Endothelial Cells
Kimura, T., Mogi, C., Tomura, H., Kuwabara, A., Im, D., Sato, K., Kurose, H., Murakami, M., & Okajima, F. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7332 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Vegetarian Diets and Public Health: Biomarker and Redox Connections
Benzie, I. F. F., & Wachtel-Galor, S. (2010) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2009.3024 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Time- and frequency-domain measures of heart rate variability predict cardiovascular outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes
Cha, S., Park, Y., Yun, J., Lee, S., Ahn, Y., Kim, S., & Ko, S. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.07.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A fatty acid-dependent hypothalamic–DVC neurocircuitry that regulates hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
Yue, J. T. Y., Abraham, M. A., LaPierre, M. P., Mighiu, P. I., Light, P. E., Filippi, B. M., & Lam, T. K. T. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6970 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Progression of Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Ko, S., Park, S.-A., Cho, J., Song, K., Yoon, K., Cha, B., Son, H., Yoo, K., Moon, K., Park, Y., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0682 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Compared with their counterparts without diabetes, the relative risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is about three times greater in such patients (1) and is associated with chronic diabetic complications.”
Background
The Healthy Eating Index and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index as predictors of 10-year CHD risk in Cuban Americans with and without type 2 diabetes
Huffman, F. G., Zarini, G. G., McNamara, E. A., & Nagarajan, A. (2011) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980011001054 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Individuals with T2D are at increased risk for developing CVD. Men and women with T2D have a two to three and three to four times greater risk, respectively, of developing CVD than do those without T2D (4,5) .”
Genetic Variants in HSD17B3, SMAD3, and IPO11 Impact Circulating Lipids in Response to Fenofibrate in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Rotroff, D. M., Pijut, S. S., Marvel, S. W., Jack, J. R., Havener, T. M., Pujol, A., Schlüter, A., Graf, G. A., Ginsberg, H. N., Shah, H., et al. (2017) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.798 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Correspondence: A Motsinger-Reif (alison_motsinger@ncsu.edu) Received 15 May 2017; accepted 11 July 2017; advance online publication 3 November 2017. doi:10.1002/cpt.798 712 VOLUME 103 NUMBER 4 | APRIL 2018 | www.cpt-journal.com times more likely to develop heart disease than nondiabetic individuals.2 Fibrates, a clas…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
miRNAs as Regulators of Antidiabetic Effects of Fucoidans
Zhao, C., Lai, S., Wu, D., Liu, D., Zou, X., Ismail, A., El-Seedi, H. R., Arroo, R., & Xiao, J. (2019) · eFood · doi:10.2991/efood.k.190822.001 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“People with T2DM are at increased risk for serious health problems, including cardiovascular disease, premature death, blindness, kidney failure, amputations, fractures, frailty, depression, and cognitive decline [6].”
Background
Counterpoint: Intensive Glucose Control and Mortality in ACCORD—Still Looking for Clues
Riddle, M. C. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1658 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Insulin Dose and Cardiovascular Mortality in the ACCORD Trial
Siraj, E. S., Rubin, D. J., Riddle, M. C., Miller, M. E., Hsu, F., Ismail‐Beigi, F., Chen, S.-H., Ambrosius, W. T., Thomas, A., Bestermann, W. H., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0598 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Managing Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Nelson, A. J., Rochelau, S. K., & Nicholls, S. J. (2017) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Efficacy of Intensive Control of Glucose in Stroke Prevention: A Meta-Analysis of Data from 59197 Participants in 9 Randomized Controlled Trials
Zhang, C., Zhou, Y., Xu, C., Chi, F.-L., & Ju, H.-N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054465 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“People with diabetes mellitus are at elevanted risk for incident stroke [29].”
Background
Diabetes mellitus and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in women compared with men: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Fang, H., Shan, S., Zhou, Y., & Zhong, L. (2018) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4351-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia in People with Diabetes Mellitus
Alsharif, A. A., Wei, L., Ma, T., Man, K. K. C., Lau, W. C. Y., Brauer, R., AlMetwazi, M. S., Howard, R. J., & Wong, I. C. K. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-191115 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“It can lead to complications in several organ systems, including cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cognitive decline [1, 2].”
Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on proximal tubular function and injury in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Satirapoj, B., Korkiatpitak, P., & Supasyndh, O. (2018) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfy122 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most important problems in the world and patients with T2DM are at an increased risk for a number of serious health problems, including cardiovascular disease, premature death, blindness, kidney failure, amputations and cognitive decline [1].”
Background
Carbohydrate biomarkers for future disease detection and treatment
Cheng, Y., Li, M., Wang, S., Peng, H., Reid, S., Ni, N., Fang, H., Xu, W., & Wang, B. (2010) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-010-0021-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Specifically, glycated hemoglobin (GlcHb) level is a strong indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in diabetic patients [179] [180] [181] [182] [183] [184] , who die of CVD at rates 2-4 times higher than those without diabetes [181] .”
Background
Selected Phyto and Marine Bioactive Compounds: Alternatives for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Reyes, B. A. S., Dufourt, E. C., Ross, J. A., Warner, M. J., Tanquilut, N., & Leung, A. B. (2017) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64068-0.00004-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Association between diabetes mellitus and the risk for major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in women compared with men: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Wang, H., Ba, Y., Cai, R.-C., & Xing, Q. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024935 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Recruitment Strategies in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial
Kingry, C., Bastien, A., Booth, G. L., Geraci, T. S., Kirpach, B., Lovato, L., Margolis, K. L., Rosenberg, Y., Sperl‐Hillen, J. M., Vargo, L., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.025 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Influence of type 2 diabetes on symbolic analysis and complexity of heart rate variability in men
Moura-Tonello, S. C. G., Takahashi, A. C. D. M., Francisco, C. D. O., Lopes, S. L. B., Vale, A. M. D., Borghi‐Silva, A., Leal, A. M. O., Montano, N., Porta, A., & Catai, A. M. (2014) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-13 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Background Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and a variable degree of insulin secretory deficiency [1,2].”
Background
Impact of Intensive Glycemic Treatment on Diabetes Complications—A Systematic Review
Poonoosamy, J., Lopes, P., Huret, P., Dardari, R., Penfornis, A., Thomas, C., & Dardari, D. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15071791 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Recent evidence from large-scale RCTs [7] showed that the intensive control of hyperglycemia is not significantly more effective than conventional treatment in reducing the rate of stroke.”
Background
Changes in HbA1c during the first six years after the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus predict long-term microvascular outcomes
Rozing, M. P., Møller, A., Aabenhus, R. M., Siersma, V., Rasmussen, K. V., & Køster‐Rasmussen, R. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225230 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Impact of Patient-Centered and Self-Care Education on Diabetes Control in a Family Practice Setting in Saudi Arabia
AlHaqwi, A. I., Amin, M. M., Tulaihi, B. A., & Abolfotouh, M. A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021109 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Successful diabetes self-management requires considerable knowledge on the part of patients and families, including an understanding of the effects of diabetes on the body, the goals of treatment, and the effects of various behaviors on glucose regulation [34].”
BackgroundMethod
“I have got diabetes!” – interviews of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
Pikkemaat, M., Boström, K. B., & Strandberg, E. L. (2019) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-019-0380-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Associations between general and abdominal obesity and incident diabetic neuropathy in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Zhou, R., Li, F., Chen, G., Fu, Q. J., Gu, S., & Wu, X. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13075 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The rationale and study design for the ACCORD trial are described elsewhere.(17,18) Briefly, the ACCORD trial enrolled 10 251 volunteers who had T2DM with a known duration of >3 months, had a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.”
Method
Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease: What’s a Doctor to Do?
Kishore, P., Kim, S. H., & Crandall, J. P. (2012) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0268-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Recent advances in treating hypertriglyceridemia in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease with apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors
Spagnuolo, C. M., & Hegele, R. A. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2023.2206015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations
Pappa, E. T., Elisaf, M., Kostara, C. E., Bairaktari, E. T., & Tsimihodimos, V. (2019) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867326666190201142321 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
What Is the Role of Advanced Lipoprotein Analysis in Practice?
Robinson, J. G. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.067 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Low nourishment of B-vitamins is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress in newly diagnosed cardiac patients
Waly, M. I., Ali, A., Al‐Nassri, A., Mukhaini, M. A., Valliatte, J., & Al-Farsi, Y. M. (2015) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370215596860 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Teaching children with diabetes about adequate dietary choices
Maffeis, C., & Pinelli, L. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508892495 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Management of Dyslipidemias in the Presence of the Metabolic Syndrome or Type 2 Diabetes
Matikainen, N., & Taskinen, M. (2012) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-012-0309-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“These findings reflect the significance of compositional and functional changes in plasma lipoproteins over the fasting plasma lipid concentrations [8, 9].”
Background
Does intensive therapy of type 2 diabetes help or harm? Seeking accord on ACCORD
Hoogwerf, B. J. (2008) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.75.10.729 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Antihyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic leaf extract of Solanum surattense in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Sridevi, M., Kalaiarasi, P., & Pugalendi, K. V. (2011) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60171-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“elevated triglycerides (TG), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and elevated very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) that increases their risk of cardiovascular disease[3,4].”
Background
Time to treatment initiation with oral antihyperglycaemic therapy in US patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Zhang, Q., Rajagopalan, S. P., Marrett, E., Davies, M. J., Radican, L., & Engel, S. S. (2011) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01498.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Physical inactivity among adults with diabetes mellitus and depressive symptoms: results from two independent national health surveys
Geulayov, G., Goral, A., Muhsen, K., Lipsitz, J. D., & Gross, R. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.09.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and significant contributor to disability in many countries [2].”
Background
Glycated haemoglobin and the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and all‐cause mortality in the C openhagen C ity H eart S tudy
Eskesen, K., Jensen, M. T., Galatius, S., Vestergaard, H., Hildebrandt, P. R., Marott, J. L., & Jensen, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02594.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group
Byington, R. P., Bigger, J. T., Buse, J. B., & William, W. (2008) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Oral-Hypoglycemic Drug on Lipid Normalization through Modulation of Hepatic Gene Expression in High Fat Diet with Low Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Khadke, S. P., Mandave, P. C., Kuvalekar, A., Pandit, V. A., Karandikar, M., & Mantri, N. L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123652 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The majority of T2DM individuals failed to achieve all standard goals for lipid management, and, therefore, aggressive management strategies are required to lower lipid abnormalities in T2DM individuals [7,8].”
Background
Lack of Longitudinal Association Between Thiazolidinediones and Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Eye Disease: The ACCORD Eye Study
Gower, E. W., Lovato, J. F., Ambrosius, W. T., Chew, E. Y., Danis, R. P., Davis, M. D., Goff, D. C., Greven, C. M., Gotto, A. M., Bailey, K. R., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2017.12.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training attenuates cardiac dysfunctions in a model of diabetes and menopause
Sanches, Í. C., Buzin, M., Conti, F. F., Dias, D. D. S., dos Santos, C. P., Sirvente, R. A., Salemi, V. M. C., Llesuy, S., Irigoyen, M. C., & Angelis, K. D. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202731 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Paradoxical Reduction in HDL-C With Fenofibrate and Thiazolidinedione Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: The ACCORD Lipid Trial
Linz, P. E., Lovato, L., Byington, R. P., O’Connor, P. J., Leiter, L. A., Weiß, D., Force, R. W., Crouse, J. R., Ismail‐Beigi, F., Simmons, D. L., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-0790 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of the Haptoglobin Gene Polymorphism With Cognitive Function and Decline in Elderly African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Beeri, M. S., Lin, H., Sano, M. C., Ravona‐Springer, R., Liu, X., Bendlin, B. B., Gleason, C. E., Guerrero‐Berroa, E., Soleimani, L., Launer, L. J., et al. (2018) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4458 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Association of hemoglobin A1c time in range with risk for diabetes complications
Mohr, D. C., Zhang, L., Prentice, J. C., Nelson, R. E., Li, D., Pleasants, E. A., & Conlin, P. R. (2022) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002738 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Triglycerides and coronary heart disease: have recent insights yielded conclusive answers?
Sarwar, N., & Sattar, N. A. (2009) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e32832dd4dc · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Common and rare genetic markers of lipid variation in subjects with type 2 diabetes from the ACCORD clinical trial
Marvel, S. W., Rotroff, D. M., Wagner, M. J., Buse, J. B., Havener, T. M., McLeod, H. L., Motsinger‐Reif, A. A., & The ACCORD/ACCORDion Investigators (2017) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.3187 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…combined statin-fenofibrate therapy versus strategies with standard targets and approaches in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk forCVD (Goff et al., 2007; Buse, 2007) The clinical trial was conducted at clinical centers across the United States and Canada, and enrolled 10,251…”
MethodSelf-citation
Emerging antidyslipidemic drugs
Pollex, R. L., JOY, T. R., & Hegele, R. A. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1517/14728214.13.2.363 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Potential beneficial effects of the combination of a statin and fibrate in type 2 diabetes are currently being studied in the ongoing Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study [92] .”
Background
Evidence-based lifestyle interventions for obesity and Type 2 diabetes: The Look AHEAD intensive lifestyle intervention as exemplar.
West, D. S., Coulon, S. M., Monroe, C. M., & Wilson, D. K. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040394 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Lifestyle Intervention for the Treatment of Diabetes study (LIFT Diabetes): Design and baseline characteristics for a randomized translational trial to improve control of cardiovascular disease risk factors
Katula, J. A., Kirk, J. K., Pedley, C. F., Savoca, M. R., Effoe, V. S., Bell, R. A., & Bertoni, A. G. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.12.005 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“These complications can be reduced or delayed by intensive management of glycated hemoglobin (A1C), blood pressure (BP), and lipids [9].”
The longitudinal association of remnant cholesterol with diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Zheng, X., Jiang, M., Ren, X., & Han, L. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108360 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial: Design and Methods
Buse, J. B. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.003 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Self-citation
Glycemia Management and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolving Perspective
Ismail‐Beigi, F., & Moghissi, E. S. (2008) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.14.5.639 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial—Clinical Implications
Ismail‐Beigi, F. (2010) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.148288 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Introduction
Byington, R. P., GENUTH, S. M., Friedewald, W. T., & Simons‐Morton, D. G. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Diabetes
Worel, J. N., & Hayman, L. L. (2016) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000333 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: Goff, D. C., Gerstein, H. C., Ginsberg, H. N., Cushman, W. C., Margolis, K. L., Byington, R. P., Buse, J. B., Genuth, S., Probstfield, J. L., & Simons-Morton, D. G.
Affiliations: Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Population Health Research Institute (CA)
Columbia University (US)
Memphis VA Medical Center (US)
Hennepin County Medical Center (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Case Western Reserve University (US)
University of Washington Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Goff, David C.
ORCID: Goff, David C.
Gerstein, Hertzel C.
Ginsberg, Henry N.
Cushman, William C.
Margolis, Karen L.
Buse, John B.
Probstfield, Jeffrey L.
Venue: The American Journal of Cardiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-06
Volume: 99
Issue: 12
Pages: S4-S20
ISSN: 0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.002
OpenAlex: W2086199335
Cited by: 229
References: 136
Citations by year: 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 14.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (n01hc95183-23-0-0, n01hc95180-24-0-1, n01hc95184-24-0-1, n01hc95181-23-0-1, n01hc95182-23-0-1, n01hc95178-28-0-1, n01hc95179-25-0-0)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute on Aging
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01- HC-95181, N01-HC- 95180, N01-HC-95178, Y1-HC-9035, N01-HC-95184, N01HC95179, IAA #Y1-HC-9035, Y1-HC-1010, N01‐HC‐95183, N01-HC-95182)
National Eye Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease prevention, cardiovascular risk, glycemic control, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol lowering, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure control, dyslipidemia, ACCORD trial, cardiovascular events
MeSH terms: Antihypertensive Agents, Hypolipidemic Agents, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Humans, Fenofibrate, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Rationale for the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks