Effects of regular walking on cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in normoglycemic women and women with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of a 12-week walking program on body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes and in normoglycemic women with first-degree diabetic relatives. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 11 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and 20 normoglycemic women of similar age and BMI who were asked to walk 1 h per day on 5 days each week for 12 weeks. Fitness (estimated VO2max) was assessed with a 1.6-km walking test; body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; and sex hormone, metabolic, and lipid concentrations were measured in serum. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, estimated VO2max improved in both groups (P < 0.005). In the diabetic women, BMI and fat content of the upper body and android waist region decreased (P < 0.05). Concentrations of fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05) HbAlc (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.005), and LDL cholesterol (P < 0.05) decreased, while HDL cholesterol and sex hormones were unchanged. In contrast, normoglycemic women failed to lose body fat after 12 weeks of exercise in a walking program. However, their HbAlc, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and total testosterone concentrations decreased (P < 0.05). On pooling the data and including diabetes as a categorical grouping variable, stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the change in centralized body fat, but not the change in VO2max, was related to change in fasting blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of walking increased the fitness of diabetic and normoglycemic women. Improvement of fasting blood glucose was related to the loss of centralized body fat rather than to improved fitness.
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Walking for an hour a day or walking at least 10,000 steps a day improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity.
“Other studies have shown improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity with walking for an hour a day or walking at least 10 000 steps a day.”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
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L’activité physique comme moyen de traitement du diabète de type 2 : le rationnel
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- Authors
- Walker, K. Z., Piers, L. S., Putt, R. S., Jones, J. A., & O'Dea, K.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Unit of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1999-04-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 555-561
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2071997139
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- walking exercise, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, body composition, postmenopausal women, VO2max, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, exercise training
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Risk Factors, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Walking
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