Cited by 228Physical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and Research

Daily physical activity and type 2 diabetes: A review

Open access
Hamasaki, Hidetaka·2016·World Journal of Diabetes

Abstract

Physical activity improves glycemic control and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to manage T2D; however, patients with T2D can be physically weak, making it difficult to engage in the recommended levels of physical activity. Daily physical activity includes various activities performed during both occupational and leisure time such as walking, gardening, and housework that type 2 diabetic patients should be able to perform without considerable physical burden. This review focuses on the association between daily physical activity and T2D. Walking was the most common form of daily physical activity, with numerous studies demonstrating its beneficial effects on reducing the risk of T2D, CVD, and mortality. Walking for at least 30 min per day was shown to reduce the risk of T2D by approximately 50%. Additionally, walking was associated with a reduction in mortality. In contrast, evidence was extremely limited regarding other daily physical activities such as gardening and housework in patients with T2D. Recent studies have suggested daily physical activity, including non-exercise activity thermogenesis, to be favorably associated with metabolic risks and mortality. However, well-designed longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate its effects on overall health.

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  • In the Nurse's Health Study, women who did not regularly engage in vigorous physical activity still had a 20% to 30% reduction in diabetes risk when regularly walking at a normal pace of 3.2 to 4.8 km/hr.

    “Observational data from 70 000 female nurses in the Nurse's Health Study showed women who did not regularly engage in vigorous physical activity still had a 20-30% reduction in risk of diabetes when regularly walking at a normal pace (3.2-4.8 km/hr).”
  • Walking for an hour a day or walking at least 10,000 steps a day improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity.

    “Other studies have shown improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity with walking for an hour a day or walking at least 10 000 steps a day.”

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Authors
Hamasaki, H.
Affiliations
National Center for Global Health and Medicine (JP)
Corresponding author
Hamasaki, Hidetaka
Venue
World Journal of Diabetes
Published
2016
Volume
7
Issue
12
Pages
243
ISSN
1948-9358 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2434834142
Cited by
228
References
74
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
FWCI
1.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • World Journal of Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, daily physical activity, walking, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, glycemic control, cardiovascular risk, mortality, leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity, gardening, housework, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

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