Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Containing Increased Protein on Weight Loss, Resting Energy Expenditure, and the Thermic Effect of Feeding in Type 2 Diabetes
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OBJECTIVE—To determine the effect of a high-protein (HP) diet compared with a low-protein (LP) diet on weight loss, resting energy expenditure (REE), and the thermic effect of food (TEF) in subjects with type 2 diabetes during moderate energy restriction. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this study, 26 obese subjects with type 2 diabetes consumed a HP (28% protein, 42% carbohydrate) or LP diet (16% protein, 55% carbohydrate) during 8 weeks of energy restriction (1,600 kcal/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Body weight and composition and REE were measured, and the TEF in response to a HP or LP meal was determined for 2 h, at weeks 0 and 12. RESULTS—The mean weight loss was 4.6 ± 0.4 kg (P < 0.001), of which 4.5 ± 0.4 kg was fat (P < 0.001), with no effect of diet (P = 0.6). At both weeks 0 and 12, TEF was greater after the HP than after the LP meal (0.064 vs. 0.050 kcal · kcal−1 energy consumed · 2 h−1, respectively; overall diet effect, P = 0.003). REE and TEF were reduced similarly with each of the diets (time effects, P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS—In patients with type 2 diabetes, a low-fat diet with an increased protein-to-carbohydrate ratio does not significantly increase weight loss or blunt the fall in REE.
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Studies have shown that the thermic effect of protein decreases over time while dieting.
“and studies have shown that that the thermic effect of protein decreases over time while dieting [49,50].”
From Dietary protein to maximize resistance training: a review and examination of protein spread and change theories (2012) · cites this paper as [50]
The finding that both diets were similarly effective for weight loss, fat-mass loss, and weight maintenance confirms earlier observations of no difference between two protein levels.
“The observation that both diets were similarly effective for (BW) loss, FM loss, and BW maintenance thereafter confirms earlier observations, (16 -20) which reported no difference between two levels of protein in the diet.”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Luscombe, N. D., Clifton, P. M., Noakes, M., Parker, B., & Wittert, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Adelaide, Department of Physiology, South Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2002-04-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 652-657
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2137422714
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, high-protein diet, caloric restriction, weight loss, resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of feeding, obesity, protein-carbohydrate ratio, fat loss, energy balance
- MeSH terms
- Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Diabetic, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Loss
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