Pramlintide as an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy Improves Long-Term Glycemic and Weight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—Mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide, as an adjunct to mealtime insulin replacement, reduces postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of pramlintide in this patient population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a 52-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study, 656 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 57 ± 10 years, diabetes duration 12 ± 7 years, BMI 34.0 ± 7.0 kg/m2, HbA1c 9.1 ± 1.2%, mean ± SD) treated with insulin (alone or in combination with sulfonylureas and/or metformin) were randomized to receive additional preprandial subcutaneous injections of either placebo or pramlintide (60 μg TID, 90 μg BID, or 120 μg BID). RESULTS—Treatment with pramlintide 120 μg BID led to a sustained reduction from baseline in HbA1c (−0.68 and −0.62% at weeks 26 and 52, respectively), which was significantly greater than that seen with placebo (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients achieving an HbA1c <8% was approximately twofold greater with pramlintide (120 μg BID) than with placebo (46 vs. 28%, P < 0.05). The glycemic improvement with pramlintide 120 μg BID was accompanied by a mean weight loss (−1.4 kg vs. +0.7 kg with placebo at week 52, P < 0.05) and occurred without an overall increase in the severe hypoglycemia event rate. The most common adverse event associated with pramlintide use was transient, mild-to-moderate nausea. CONCLUSIONS—Mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide 120 μg BID, as an adjunct to insulin therapy, improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Clinical trials have shown pramlintide reduces HbA1c by 0.3-0.4% (3-4 mmol/mol) and causes modest (1 kg) weight loss.
“Clinical trials have shown a reduction in HbA 1c (0.3-0.4% [3-4 mmol/ mol]) and modest (1 kg) weight loss (251-254).”
From The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2021) · cites this paper as [253]
The HbA1c results section reports a 0.35-percentage-point reduction at week 52 with one pramlintide dose, but it was not significantly different from placebo; the dose with a significant effect reduced HbA1c by 0.62 points. The paper also reports modest weight loss, though its stated mean is 1.4 kg rather than 1 kg (Abstract; page not available). Thus the direction of both effects is supported, but the quoted magnitudes do not accurately characterize the significant treatment result. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSomewhat greater weight loss was noted in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pramlintide.
“Somewhat greater weight loss was noted in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pramlintide.212”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.11.1249 · Cited by 1,923 · see citing works
Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
(1991) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(91)90605-w · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial
(1991) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(91)80085-z · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Hollander, P. A., Elbein, S. C., Hirsch, I. B., Kelley, D., McGill, J., Taylor, T., Weiss, S. R., Crockett, S. E., Kaplan, R. A., Comstock, J., et al. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.8.1288 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of Metformin in Type II Diabetes
Garber, A. J., Duncan, T. G., Goodman, A. M., Mills, D. J., & Rohlf, J. L. (1997) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00254-4 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Association, A. D. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.775 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Whitehouse, F., Kruger, D. F., Fineman, M., Shen, L., Ruggles, J. A., Maggs, D. G., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.4.724 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationStandards of Medical Care for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s33 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Henry, R. R., Gumbiner, B., Ditzler, T., Wallace, P., Lyon, R., & Glauber, H. S. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.1.21 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Effects of Metformin in Patients with Poorly Controlled, Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Avilés-Santa, L. M., Sinding, J., & Raskin, P. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-3-199908030-00004 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Young, A. A., Gedulin, B. R., Vine, W., Percy, A., & RINK, T. J. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401833 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Dose-response for glucagonostatic effect of amylin in rats
Gedulin, B. R., RINK, T. J., & Young, A. A. (1997) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90170-0 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Weyer, C., Maggs, D., Young, A., & Kolterman, O. (2001) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612013397357 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibition of Central Amylin Signaling Increases Food Intake and Body Adiposity in Rats
Rushing, P. A., Hagan, M. M., Seeley, R. J., Lutz, T. A., D’Alessio, D. A., Air, E. L., & Woods, S. C. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.11.8593 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Finer, N., Bloom, S. R., Frost, G. S., Banks, L. M., & Griffiths, J. (2000) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2000.00071.x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Ratner, R. E., Want, L. L., Fineman, M. S., Velte, M. J., Ruggles, J. A., Gottlieb, A., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G. (2002) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150252924094 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationHepburn, D. A., MacLeod, K. M., Pell, A. C. H., Scougal, I. J., & Frier, B. M. (1993) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1993.tb00050.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Fineman, M. S., Weyer, C., Maggs, D. G., Strobel, S. A., & Kolterman, O. (2002) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2002-34790 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationAmylin decreases food intake in mice
Morley, J. E., & Flood, J. F. (1991) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(91)90148-i · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Perceived symptoms of hypoglycaemia in elderly Type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin
Jaap, A. J., Jones, G. C., McCrimmon, R. J., Deary, I. J., & Frier, B. M. (1998) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199805)15:5 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
VELLA, A., LEE, J. S., CAMILLERI, M., SZARKA, L. A., BURTON, D. D., ZINSMEISTER, A. R., RIZZA, R. A., & KLEIN, P. D. (2002) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00311.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Edelman, S. V., & Weyer, C. (2002) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150260007390 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationBuse, J. B., Weyer, C., & Maggs, D. G. (2002) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.20.3.137 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationThompson, R., Gottlieb, A., Organ, K., Koda, J., Kisicki, J. C., & Kolterman, O. (1997) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199707)14:7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Medical Management of Hyperglycemia Over a 10-Year Period in People With Diabetes
Klein, R., Klein, R., Moss, S. E., & Cruickshanks, K. J. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.7.744 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Postprandial hyperglycaemic state: importance and consequences.
Lebovitz, H. E. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Cgrp Family: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (Cgrp), Amylin and Adrenomedullin
Poyner, D. R. (1999) · Research Portal (King's College London) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Frequency of severe hypoglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes during conventional insulin therapy
Gürlek, A., Erbas, T. A., & Gedik, O. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1212102 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
(1998) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(98)00039-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Should Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients be Treated with Insulin?
Riddle, M. C. (2001) · doi:10.1002/9780470757109.ch7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Analysis: Pramlintide: An Agent for Glycemic Control Plus Weight Control?
Riddle, M. C. (2002) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150252924102 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s009 · Cited by 1,555 · see citing works
Pharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. J., Bessesen, D. H., McDonnell, M. E., Murad, M. H., Pagotto, U., Ryan, D. H., & Still, C. D. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3415 · Cited by 1,347 · see citing works
Nathan, D. M., Buse, J. B., Davidson, M. B., Heine, R. J., Holman, R. R., Sherwin, R., & Zinman, B. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-9912 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023</i>
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s009 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Hess-Fischl, A., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0043 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Update on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Marín-Peñalver, J. J., Martín-Timón, I., Sevillano-Collantes, C., & Cañizo-Gómez, F. J. D. (2016) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i17.354 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: time to reframe the conversation
Lingvay, I., Sumithran, P., Cohen, R. V., & le Roux, C. W. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01919-x · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease
Mealey, B. L., & Ocampo, G. L. (2007) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00193.x · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Landsberg, L., Aronne, L. J., Beilin, L. J., Burke, V., Igel, L. I., Lloyd‐Jones, D., & Sowers, J. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12049 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Central Control of Body Weight and Appetite
Woods, S. C., & D’Alessio, D. A. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1630 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Nathan, D. M., Buse, J. B., Davidson, M. B., Heine, R. J., Holman, R. R., Sherwin, R., & Zinman, B. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0316-2 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Holt, R., DeVries, J., Hess-Fischl, A., Hirsch, I., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05568-3 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Akbari, P., Gilani, A., Sosina, O., Kosmicki, J. A., Khrimian, L., Fang, Y.-Y., Persaud, T., Garcia, V., Sun, D., Li, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf8683 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Discovery and characterization of smORF-encoded bioactive polypeptides
Saghatelian, A., & Couso, J. P. (2015) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1964 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Landsberg, L., Aronne, L. J., Beilin, L. J., Burke, V., Igel, L. I., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., & Sowers, J. R. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20181 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of obesity: available medications and drugs under investigation.
Pilitsi, E., Farr, O. M., Polyzos, S. A., Perakakis, N., Nolen-Doerr, E., Papathanasiou, A.-E., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2019) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.010 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Amylin Agonists: A Novel Approach in the Treatment of Diabetes
Schmitz, O., Brock, B., & Rungby, J. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.s233 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Effects of PYY[3–36] in rodent models of diabetes and obesity
Pittner, R. A., Moore, C. X., Bhavsar, S., Gedulin, B. R., Smith, P. A., Jodka, C. M., Parkes, D. G., Paterniti, J. R., Srivastava, V. P., & Young, A. A. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802696 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The obesity pipeline: current strategies in the development of anti-obesity drugs
Cooke, D., & Bloom, S. R. (2006) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2136 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
DeFronzo, R. A., Stonehouse, A. H., Han, J., & Wintle, M. E. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02941.x · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The role of gut hormones in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis
Karra, E., & Batterham, R. L. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.06.010 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The Impact of Diabetes and Diabetes Medications on Bone Health
Gilbert, M. P., & Pratley, R. E. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2012-1042 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies
Skyler, J. S. (2004) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm0306273 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes
Chapman, I., Parker, B., Doran, S., Feinle-Bisset, C., Wishart, J., Strobel, S., Wang, Y., Burns, C., Lush, C., Weyer, C., et al. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1732-4 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationThe endocrinology of food intake
Begg, D. P., & Woods, S. C. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.136 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Effect of Pramlintide on Weight in Overweight and Obese Insulin‐Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Hollander, P. A., Maggs, D. G., Ruggles, J. A., Fineman, M. S., Shen, L. Z., Kolterman, O., & Weyer, C. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.76 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationYoung, L. M., Cao, P., Raleigh, D. P., Ashcroft, A. E., & Radford, S. E. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja406831n · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Obesity: Current and potential pharmacotherapeutics and targets
Narayanaswami, V., & Dwoskin, L. P. (2016) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.015 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
New Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetes
Inzucchi, S. E., & McGuire, D. K. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.735795 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Aronne, L., Fujioka, K., Aroda, V., Chen, K., Halseth, A., Kesty, N. C., Burns, C., Lush, C. W., & Weyer, C. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2003 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, S. R., Aronne, L. J., Burns, C. M., Kesty, N. C., Halseth, A. E., & Weyer, C. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0029 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“This is consistent with findings from 1-year pramlintide diabetes studies, which also showed durable weight loss over 1 year (12,16,17).”
Self-citationBodyweight Changes Associated with Antihyperglycaemic Agents in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hermansen, K., & Mortensen, L. S. (2007) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-200730120-00005 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome: From Global Epidemiology to Individualized Medicine
Batsis, J. A., Nieto-Martínez, R. E., & López-Jiménez, F. A. (2007) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100355 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy reveals the complex behaviour of an amyloid fibril inhibitor
Middleton, C. T., Marek, P., Cao, P., Chiu, C., Singh, S., Woys, A. M., de Pablo, J. J., Raleigh, D. P., & Zanni, M. T. (2012) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.1293 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies.
Skyler, J. S. (2004) · ChemInform · doi:10.1002/chin.200442237 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ryan, G. J., Jobe, L. J., & Martin, R. (2005) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.009 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes: An update and future directions
DeMarsilis, A. J., Reddy, N., Boutari, C., Filippaios, A., Sternthal, E., Katsiki, N., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2022) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155332 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Ratner, R. E., Want, L. L., Fineman, M. S., Velte, M. J., Ruggles, J. A., Gottlieb, A., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G. (2002) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150252924094 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes medications and body weight
Mitri, J., & Hamdy, O. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740330903081725 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
WEINZIMER, S. A., Sherr, J. L., Cengiz, E., Kim, G. E., Ruiz, J., CARRIA, L. R., Voskanyan, G. R., Roy, A., & Tamborlane, W. V. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0330 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Adler, B. L., Yarchoan, M. M., Hwang, H. M., Louneva, N., Blair, J. A., Palm, R. F., Smith, M. A., Lee, H., Arnold, S. E., & Casadesús, G. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.076 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Smith, S. R., Blundell, J. E., Burns, C. M., Ellero, C., Schroeder, B. E., Kesty, N. C., Chen, K. S., Halseth, A. E., Lush, C. W., & Weyer, C. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00217.2007 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationKowalski, A. J. (2009) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0031 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
GLP-1 and Amylin in the Treatment of Obesity
Jorsal, T., Rungby, J., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2015) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-015-0693-3 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Riddle, M., Frias, J., Zhang, B., Maier, H., Brown, C., Lutz, K., & Kolterman, O. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0589 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin-associated weight gain in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: What can be done?
Brown, A., Guess, N., Dornhorst, A., Taheri, S., & Frost, G. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13009 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Emerging Therapies Mimicking the Effects of Amylin and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Riddle, M. C., & Drucker, D. J. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1267 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Weyer, C., Gottlieb, A., Kim, D. D. H., Lutz, K., Schwartz, S. L., Gutiérrez, M. E. H., Wang, Y., Ruggles, J. A., Kolterman, O., & Maggs, D. G. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3074 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes pharmacotherapy and effects on the musculoskeletal system
Kalaitzoglou, E., Fowlkes, J. L., Popescu, I. R., & Thrailkill, K. M. (2018) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3100 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction
Younk, L. M., Mikeladze, M., & Davis, S. N. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.581663 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Current Management Strategies for Coexisting Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Scheen, A. J. (2003) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200363120-00001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Hoogwerf, B. J. (2008) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s1978 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Role of Amylin in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Hieronymus, L. B., & Griffin, S. (2015) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721715607642 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Weight Beneficial Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes
Meneghini, L. F., Orozco‐Beltrán, D., Khunti, K. K., Caputo, S., Damçi, T., Liebl, A., & Ross, S. A. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1074 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Gedulin, B. R., Jodka, C. M., Herrmann, K., & Young, A. A. (2006) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2006.06.004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Anti-Diabetes and Anti-Obesity Medications: Effects on Weight in People With Diabetes
Hollander, P. A. (2007) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/diaspect.20.3.159 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationMaggs, D. G., Fineman, M. S., Kornstein, J., Burrell, T., Schwartz, S. L., Wang, Y., Ruggles, J. A., Kolterman, O., & Weyer, C. (2004) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.419 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationTrue or false? Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes: Evidences from bench to bedside
Peng, Y., Yao, S.-Y., Chen, Q., Jin, H., Du, M., Xue, Y.-H., & Liu, S. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102383 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Singh‐Franco, D., Pérez, A., & Harrington, C. A. (2010) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01337.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Singh‐Franco, D., Robles, G. I., & Gazze, D. (2007) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.04.005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Present and Future: Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity
Glandt, M., & Raz, I. (2011) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2011/636181 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine hormone amylin in diabetes
Zhang, X., Pan, Y.-H., Huang, Y., & Zhao, H. (2016) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i9.189 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Ceriello, A., Piconi, L., Quagliaro, L., Wang, Y., Schnabel, C. A., Ruggles, J. A., Gloster, M., Maggs, D. G., & Weyer, C. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.3.632 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationDahl, K., Toubro, S., Dey, S., Duque do Vale, R., Flint, A., Gasiorek, A., Heydorn, A., Jastreboff, A. M., Key, C., Petersen, S. B., et al. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01185-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Weight Management for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Global Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Lee, M., & Aronne, L. J. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.11.007 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Amylin and Calcitonin: Potential Therapeutic Strategies to Reduce Body Weight and Liver Fat
Mathiesen, D. S., Lund, A., Vilsbøll, T., Knop, F. K., & Bagger, J. I. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.617400 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Pramlintide for the Treatment of Insulin-Requiring Diabetes Mellitus
Kruger, D. F., & Gloster, M. (2004) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200464130-00003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Pramlintide in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Edelman, S. V., Maier, H., & Wilhelm, K. (2008) · BioDrugs · doi:10.2165/0063030-200822060-00004 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists in renal disease
Iglesias, P., & Díez, J. J. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02134 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors and the Incretin System in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Langley, A., Suffoletta, T. J., & Jennings, H. R. (2007) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.27.8.1163 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Treatment Approach to Patients With Severe Insulin Resistance
Church, T., & Haines, S. T. (2016) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.34.2.97 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Riddle, M., Pencek, R., Charenkavanich, S., Lutz, K., Wilhelm, K., & Porter, L. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0395 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes
Pullman, J. R., Darsow, T., & Frías, J. P. (2006) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.203 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Obesity treatment: novel peripheral targets
Field, B. C. T., Chaudhri, O. B., & Bloom, S. R. (2009) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03522.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Maggs, D. G., Shen, L. Z., Strobel, S. A., Brown, D., Kolterman, O., & Weyer, C. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.003 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationAmylin-mediated control of glycemia, energy balance, and cognition
Mietlicki‐Baase, E. G. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.034 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Obesity pharmacotherapy: What is next?
Colón‐González, F., Kim, G. W., Lin, J. E., Valentino, M. A., & Waldman, S. A. (2012) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2012.10.005 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Practical Use of Pharmacotherapy for Obesity
Igel, L. I., Kumar, R. B., Saunders, K. H., & Aronne, L. J. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.049 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Insulin Therapy
Wilson, L. M., & Castle, J. R. (2020) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0065 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Hollander, P. A., Ratner, R. E., Fineman, M. S., Strobel, S. A., Shen, L. Z., Maggs, D. G., Kolterman, O., & Weyer, C. (2003) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00295.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationSonne, N., Karsdal, M. A., & Henriksen, K. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101109 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Adjunct therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Lebovitz, H. E. (2010) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.49 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Krisanapun, C., Peungvicha, P., Temsiririrkkul, R., & Wongkrajang, Y. (2009) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2009.07.006 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
How Does Treatment Satisfaction Work?
Peyrot, M. F., & Rubin, R. R. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-2256 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Complications of Diabetes Therapy
Corathers, S. D., Peavie, S., & Salehi, M. (2013) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.06.005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The Pharmacological Treatment and Management of Obesity
Hussain, S. S., & Bloom, S. R. (2011) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.01.2243 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Need for better diabetes treatment for improved renal outcome
Rossing, P. R., & de Zeeuw, D. (2011) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2010.513 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Role of Sequence and Structural Polymorphism on the Mechanical Properties of Amyloid Fibrils
Yoon, G., Lee, M., Kim, J. I., Na, S., & Eom, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088502 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Investigating Endogenous Peptides and Peptidases Using Peptidomics
Tinoco, A. D., & Saghatelian, A. (2011) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi200417k · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Circulating Differentially Methylated Amylin DNA as a Biomarker of β-Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes
Olsen, J. A., Kenna, L. A., Spelios, M. G., Hessner, M. J., & Akirav, E. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152662 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Vos, R. C., van Avendonk, M. J., Jansen, H., Goudswaard, A. N. N., van den Donk, M., Gorter, K. J., Kerssen, A., & Rutten, G. E. H. M. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006992.pub2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Role of Pramlintide for Weight Loss
Dunican, K. C., Adams, N. M., & Desilets, A. R. (2010) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1m210 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Regulation of appetite to treat obesity
Kim, G. W., Lin, J. E., Valentino, M. A., Colón‐González, F., & Waldman, S. A. (2011) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1586/ecp.11.3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Natural products targeting inflammation-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review
Nainu, F., Frediansyah, A., Mamada, S., Permana, A., Salampe, M., Chandran, D., Emran, T. B., & Simal-gandara, J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16919 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Novel Pharmacologic Agents for Type 2 Diabetes
Uwaifo, G. I., & Ratner, R. E. (2005) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2004.11.006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gasiorek, A., Heydorn, A., Gabery, S., Hjerpsted, J. B., Kirkeby, K., Kruse, T., Petersen, S. B., Toubro, S., Vegge, A., & Key, C. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01176-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Chan, J. L., Roth, J. D., & Weyer, C. (2009) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.2310/jim.0b013e3181b91911 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationZarowitz, B., Tangalos, E., Hollenack, K., & O'Shea, T. (2006) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2006.01.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Novel strategy for the use of leptin for obesity therapy
Tam, C. S., Lecoultre, V., & Ravussin, É. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2011.619974 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
McQueen, J. (2005) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp050341 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hollander, P. A., Levy, P., Fineman, M. S., Maggs, D. G., Shen, L. Z., Strobel, S. A., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G.
- Affiliations
- Baylor University Medical Center (US)
- Phoenix Endocrinology Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
- Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 784-790
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2045554373
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- pramlintide, amylin analogues, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, weight loss, hypoglycemia, nausea, long-term efficacy and safety
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Amyloid, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review