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A Randomized, Prospective Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion With Multiple Daily Injections Using Insulin Glargine
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—The efficacy of the insulin analogs now available for multiple daily injection (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in type 1 diabetes has not yet been established in pediatric patients. Our principal aim in this short-term study was to compare the efficacy of CSII to MDI with glargine in lowering HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Thirty-two youth with type 1 diabetes (age 8–21 years) were randomly assigned to receive either MDI treatment with once-daily glargine and premeal/snack insulin aspart or CSII with insulin aspart. Dose titration in both groups was based on home self-monitored blood glucose measurements and monthly HbA1c. HbA1c, total daily insulin dose (TDD), self-monitored blood glucose readings, and adverse events were compared after 16 weeks of therapy. RESULTS—While there was no significant change in the glargine group (HbA1c 8.2% at baseline vs. 8.1% at 16 weeks), youth randomized to CSII had a sharp reduction in HbA1c levels, from 8.1 to 7.2% after 16 weeks of therapy (P < 0.02 vs. baseline and <0.05 vs. glargine group). TDD was unchanged in the glargine group, but significantly dropped with CSII (1.4 units/kg at baseline vs. 0.9 units/kg at 16 weeks, P < 0.01). Both groups had similar basal doses and insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios. Fasting self-monitored blood glucose was similar in both groups, but lunch, dinner, and bedtime readings were significantly lower in the CSII group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—Lower HbA1c and premeal glucose levels were more achievable in this short-term study with CSII than with glargine-based MDI treatment. CSII is an efficacious treatment to improve metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.
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“However, RCTs that compared insulin pumps and MDI with rapidacting insulin analogs demonstrated a modest improvement in A1C levels in participants on insulin pump therapy (178,179).”
From 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [178]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Doyle (Boland), E. A., Weinzimer, S. A., Steffen, A. T., Ahern, J. A. H., Vincent, M., & Tamborlane, W. V.
- Affiliations
- From the Department of Pediatrics and the Children’s Clinical Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-07-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1554-1558
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2138976255
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 17.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- Novo Nordisk
- National Institutes of Health (5u01hd037251-05)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR06022)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 37251)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, insulin pump therapy, multiple daily insulin injections, insulin glargine, insulin aspart, glycemic control, HbA1c, total daily insulin dose, self-monitoring of blood glucose, pediatric diabetes, adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Glargine, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Drug Administration Schedule, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Injections, Subcutaneous, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Patient Selection, Postprandial Period, Insulin, Long-Acting
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