Estimated incidence of influenza-virus-associated severe pneumonia in children in El Salvador, 2008–2010
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of influenza-virus-associated severe pneumonia among Salvadorian children aged < 5 years. METHODS: Data on children aged < 5 years admitted with severe pneumonia to a sentinel hospital in the western region were collected weekly. Nasal and oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected from a convenience sample of case patients for respiratory virus testing. A health-care utilization survey was conducted in the hospital catchment area to determine the proportion of residents who sought care at the hospital. The incidence of influenza-virus-associated severe pneumonia among all Salvadorian children aged < 5 years was estimated from surveillance and census data, with adjustment for health-care utilization. Influenza virus strains were characterized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine their correspondence with northern and southern hemisphere influenza vaccine formulations. FINDINGS: Physicians identified 2554 cases of severe pneumonia. Samples from 608 cases were tested for respiratory viruses and 37 (6%) were positive for influenza virus. The estimated incidence of influenza-virus-associated severe pneumonia was 3.2 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.8-3.7) overall, 1.5 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 1.0-2.0) during 2008, 7.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 6.5-8.9) during 2009 and 0.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.3-1.0) during 2010. Northern and southern hemisphere vaccine formulations matched influenza virus strains isolated during 2008 and 2010. CONCLUSION: Influenza-virus-associated severe pneumonia occurred frequently among young Salvadorian children during 2008-2010. Antigens in northern and southern hemisphere influenza vaccine formulations corresponded to circulating strains.
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Infection with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 resulted in much higher rates of hospital admission in young children than during a normal influenza season.
“Infection with the influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 strain resulted in much higher rates of hospital admission in young children than are reported during a normal influenza season.84, 85”
From Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea (2013) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Brooks WA, Goswami D, Rahman M, Nahar K, Fry AM, Balish A et al. Influenza is a major contributor to childhood pneumonia in a tropical developing country. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:216-21. doi:10.1097/ INF.0b013e3181bc23fd PMID:20190613 · DOI
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- Authors
- Clara, W., Armero, J., Rodriguez, D., de Lozano, C., Bonilla, L., Minaya, P., Chacón, R., Jara, J., Blanco, N., Widdowson, M.-A., Bresee, J., Xu, X., Klimov, A., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., & Linares-Perez, N.
- Affiliations
- Ministerio de Salud (SV)
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (GT)
- Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Venue
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization
- Publisher
- WHO Press
- Published
- 2012-10-01
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 756-763
- ISSN
- 0042-9686 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3471049
- OpenAlex
- W2108837099
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Pan American Health Organization
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- influenza virus, severe pneumonia, pediatric pneumonia, incidence estimation, 5-year-old children, El Salvador, health care utilization, sentinel hospital surveillance, respiratory virus testing
- MeSH terms
- Child, Preschool, El Salvador, Female, Humans, Infant, Influenza, Human, Male, Mucus, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Incidence, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
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