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Cited by 9Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingBiochemical effects in animals

Effect of creatine ethyl ester supplementation and resistance training on hormonal changes, body composition and muscle strength in underweight non-athlete men

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Arazi, Hamid, Eghbali, Ehsan, Karimifard, Mahmood·2019·Biomedical Human Kinetics
DOI 10.2478/bhk-2019-0022
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Abstract

Summary: Study aim: The aim of this study to determine whether creatine ethyl ester (CEE) supplementation combined with resistance training (RT) is effective for improving hormonal changes, body composition and muscle strength in underweight non-athlete men. Materials and methods: Sixteen underweight non-athlete men participated in this double-blind study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: RT with placebo (RT + PL, n = 8) and RT with CEE supplementation (RT + CEE, n = 8). The participants performed 6 weeks of RT (60–80% 1RM) combined with CEE or PL. 48 hours before and after the training period, muscle strength (1RM for leg press and bench press), body composition (percentage of body fat, circumference measurements of the arm and thigh), serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone (GH) of the participant were measurements. Results: Significant increases were observed for weight, muscle strength and muscle mass, serum levels of testosterone and GH between pre and post-test in the RT + CEE group (p < 0.05). In addition, cortisol level was significantly decreased in the post-test in the RT+CEE group. The decrease in fat percent was greater in the RT + PL group than in the RT + CEE group (%change = –6.78 vs. –0.76, respectively). Weight and leg strength changes in the RT + CEE group were significant compared to the RT + PL group (p < 0.001, p = 0.05, p = 0.001; respectively). However, in other variables, despite the increase of GH and testosterone levels and lower levels of cortisol in the RT + CEE group, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the consumption of CEE combined with RT can have significant effects on body weight and leg strength in underweight non-athlete men. This supplement may provide a potential nutritional intervention to promote body weight in underweight men.

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  • Higher than recommended doses of CEE can positively affect training adaptations, but the study did not assess the effects of CEE on blood or muscle creatine content or compare CEE to CrM.

    “While this study indicates that higher than recommended doses of CEE can positively affect training adaptations, this study did not assess the effects of CEE supplementation on blood or muscle creatine content or compare the efficacy of CEE supplementation to CrM.”

    From Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review (2022) · cites this paper as [197]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Arazi, H., Eghbali, E., & Karimifard, M.
Affiliations
University of Guilan (IR)
ORCID
Venue
Biomedical Human Kinetics
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published
2019-01-01
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
158-166
ISSN
2080-2234 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2478/bhk-2019-0022
OpenAlex
W2990224310
Cited by
9
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3
FWCI
0.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomedical Human Kinetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
Keywords
resistance training, body composition, muscle strength, testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, weight gain, dietary supplementation, non-athletes

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