Creatine supplementation post-exercise does not enhance training-induced adaptations in middle to older aged males

Cooke, Matthew B.; Brabham, Brian; Buford, Thomas W.; Shelmadine, Brian D.; McPheeters, Matthew; Hudson, Geoffrey M.; Stathis, Christos; Greenwood, Mike; Kreider, Richard; Willoughby, Darryn S.

doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2866-1

Cited by 58Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingNutrition and Health in Aging

Creatine supplementation post-exercise does not enhance training-induced adaptations in middle to older aged males

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Cooke, Matthew B., Brabham, Brian, Buford, Thomas W., Shelmadine, Brian D., McPheeters, Matthew, Hudson, Geoffrey M., Stathis, Christos, Greenwood, Mike +2 more·2014·European Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1007/s00421-014-2866-1PMC PMC4019834

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Abstract

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the effects of creatine monohydrate (CrM) consumption post-exercise on body composition and muscle strength in middle to older males following a 12-week resistance training program. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized trial, 20 males aged between 55 and 70 years were randomly assigned to consume either CrM-carbohydrate (CHO) [20 g days(-1) CrM + 5 g days(-1) CHO × 7 days, then 0.1 g kg(-1) CrM + 5 g CHO on training days (average dosage of ~8.8 g)] or placebo CHO (20 g days(-1) CHO × 7 days, then 5 g CHO on training days) while participating in a high intensity resistance training program [3 sets × 10 repetitions at 75% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM)], 3 days weeks(-1) for 12 weeks. Following the initial 7-day "loading" phase, participants were instructed to ingest their supplement within 60 min post-exercise. Body composition and muscle strength measurements, blood collection and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy were completed at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of the supplement and resistance training program. RESULTS: A significant time effect was observed for 1RM bench press (p = 0.016), leg press (p = 0.012), body mass (p = 0.03), fat-free mass (p = 0.005) and total myofibrillar protein (p = 0.005). A trend for larger muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the type II fibers compared to type I fibers was observed following the 12-week resistance training (p = 0.08). No supplement interaction effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Post-exercise ingestion of creatine monohydrate does not provide greater enhancement of body composition and muscle strength compared to resistance training alone in middle to older males.

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In five of these studies, free testosterone was also measured and no increases were found.
“In five of these studies [67–71], free testosterone, which the body uses to produce DHT, was also measured and no increases were found.”
From Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? (2021) · cites this paper as [68]

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Self-citation

DOI 10.1007/s00421-014-2866-1 OrIgInAl ArtIclE Creatine supplementation post‑exercise does not enhance training‑induced adaptations in middle to older aged males
Cooke, M. B., Brabham, B., Buford, T. W., Shelmadine, B., McPheeters, M. T., Hudson, G. M., Stathis, C., Greenwood, M., Kreider, R. B., & Willoughby, D. S. (2016)
Self-citation
Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Body Composition and Strength in Older Individuals
Brabham, B., Buford, T. W., Shelmadine, B., Hudson, G. M., McPheeters, M. J., Moreillon, J., Greenwood, M., Kreider, R. B., Willoughby, D. S., & Cooke, M. B. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000384999.80146.27
Self-citation
Creatine Supplementation Enhances Isometric Strength and Body Composition Improvements Following Strength Exercise Training in Older Adults
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Creatine supplementation and resistance training in older adults
Brose, A. (2001) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/16149
The effects of dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation and resistance training in older men
Lavender, A. P. (2003) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine

Authors: Cooke, M. B., Brabham, B., Buford, T. W., Shelmadine, B. D., McPheeters, M., Hudson, G. M., Stathis, C., Greenwood, M., Kreider, R., & Willoughby, D. S.
Affiliations: Baylor University (US)
University of Mary Hardin–Baylor (US)
University of Florida (US)
George Washington University (US)
Victoria University (AU)
Texas A&M University (US)
Corresponding author: Cooke, Matthew B.
ORCID: Cooke, Matthew B.
Buford, Thomas W.
McPheeters, Matthew
Hudson, Geoffrey M.
Stathis, Christos
Kreider, Richard
Willoughby, Darryn S.
Venue: European Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2014-03-16
Volume: 114
Issue: 6
Pages: 1321-1332
ISSN: 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
1439-6319
1439-6327
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2866-1
PMC: PMC4019834
OpenAlex: W2028697377
Cited by: 58
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 1.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (unspecified)
Locations: European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (cc-by)
Funders: Baylor University
National Institute on Aging (P30AG028740)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords: creatine monohydrate, post-exercise supplementation, resistance training, older adults, middle-aged men, body composition, muscle strength, fat-free mass, myofibrillar proteins, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, muscle hypertrophy, training effects
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, Creatine, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training

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Creatine supplementation post-exercise does not enhance training-induced adaptations in middle to older aged males

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