Cited by 608Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationSpine and Intervertebral Disc PathologyPregnancy-related medical research

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 176 of the 176 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Interventions for the Management of Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain: Revision 2021: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association

Open access

George, Steven Z., Fritz, Julie M., Silfies, Sheri P., Schneider, Michael J., Beneciuk, Jason M., Lentz, Trevor A., Gilliam, John R., Hendren, Stephanie, Norman, Katherine S.·2021·Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

DOI 10.2519/jospt.2021.0304PMC PMC10508241

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) remains a musculoskeletal condition with an adverse societal impact. Globally, LBP is highly prevalent and a leading cause of disability. This is an update to the 2012 Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy (AOPT), formerly the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), clinical practice guideline (CPG) for LBP. The overall objective of this update was to provide recommendations on interventions delivered by physical therapists or studied in care settings that included physical therapy providers. It also focused on synthesizing new evidence, with the purpose of making recommendations for specific nonpharmacologic treatments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(11):CPG1–CPG60. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0304

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2519/jospt.2021.0304

Cites

176 of 176 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016
Dowell, D., Haegerich, T. M., & Chou, R. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1464 · Cited by 5,161
What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention
Hartvigsen, J., Hancock, M. J., Kongsted, A., Louw, Q., Ferreira, M. L., Genevay, S., Hoy, D., Karppinen, J., Pransky, G., Sieper, J., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30480-x · Cited by 4,652
Self-citation
Development of AMSTAR: A measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews
Shea, B. J., Grimshaw, J. M., Wells, G. A., Boers, M., Andersson, N., Hamel, C., Porter, A. C., Tugwell, P., Moher, D., & Bouter, L. M. (2007) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-7-10 · Cited by 4,374
Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians
Qaseem, A., Wilt, T. J., McLean, R. M., Forciea, M. A., & for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians* (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-2367 · Cited by 3,234
The Delphi List
Verhagen, A. P., de Vet, H. C. W., de Bie, R. A., Kessels, A. G. H., Boers, M., Bouter, L. M., & Knipschild, P. G. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00131-0 · Cited by 2,470
Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions
Foster, N. E., Anema, J. R., Cherkin, D., Chou, R., Cohen, S. P., Gross, D. P., Ferreira, P. H., Fritz, J. M., Koes, B. W., Peul, W., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30489-6 · Cited by 2,398
Self-citation
The Rising Prevalence of Chronic Low Back Pain
Freburger, J. K., Holmes, G. M., Agans, R. P., Jackman, A. M., Darter, J. D., Wallace, A. S., Castel, L. D., Kalsbeek, W. D., & Carey, T. S. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.543 · Cited by 1,507
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic primary pain
Nicholas, M., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Giamberardino, M. A., Goebel, A., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001390 · Cited by 1,424
US Health Care Spending by Payer and Health Condition, 1996-2016
Dieleman, J. L., Cao, J., Chapin, A., Chen, C., Li, Z., Liu, A., Horst, C., Kaldjian, A., Matyasz, T., Scott, K. W., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0734 · Cited by 1,313
Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial
Hill, J. C., Whitehurst, D. G., Lewis, M., Bryan, S., Dunn, K. M., Foster, N. E., Konstantinou, K., Main, C. J., Mason, E., Somerville, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60937-9 · Cited by 1,306

Show all 171 references

Research works printed but not linked: 17

Akca NK, 2017, Int J Caring Sci., 10, 1498
da Gama e Silva Ferreira M, 2017, Man Ther Posturology Rehabil J., 15, 523
Finley CR, 2018, Can Fam Physician, 64, 832
Furlan AD, 2015, Cochrane Database Syst Rev., CD001929
Joseph LH, 2018, Int J Ther Massage Bodywork, 11, 16
Juntakarn C, 2017, Int J Ther Massage Bodywork, 10, 3
Kotteeswaran K, 2014, Int J Pharm Bio Sci., 5, 228
Longtin C, Pain Pract.
Nambi G, 2018, Eur J Phys Rehabil Med., 54, 880
Nazzal ME, 2013, Neurosciences (Riyadh), 18, 152
Ogutluler Ozkara G, 2015, Turk Neurosurg, 25, 372
Sarker KK, 2019, J Clin Diagn Res., 13, YC01
Shah SG, 2016, J Clin Diagn Res., 10, YC10
Teixeira ALS, 2016, Man Ther Posturology Rehabil J, 14, 374
Vaidya SM, 2018, J Clin Diagn Res., 12, YC04
Xueqiang W, 2012, HealthMED, 6, 754
Ye C, 2015, Int J Clin Exp Med., 8, 9869

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 608

Education of physiotherapists improves inter-rater reliability in lumbar spine motor control tests: A randomized controlled trial
Riese, D., Kool, J., Sieben, J. M., & de Bie, R. A. (2023) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102741 · Cited by 1
Management of low back pain: a survey of physical therapists’ adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the State of Kuwait
Alrowayeh, H. N. (2023) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2021.0149 · Cited by 1
Exploring how common factors influence experience and outcomes in painful musculoskeletal conditions: a qualitative study
Holmes, M. B., Camarinos, J., & Driscoll, L. (2024) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2023.0036 · Cited by 1
Disease Modifying Therapies: Restorative Neurostimulation for Chronic Low Back Pain
Francio, V. T., & Gilligan, C. J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46217-7_52 · Cited by 1
Gamified delivery of at-home rehabilitation for individuals with nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Devorski, L., Suppiah, A., Fukuda, D. H., Stout, J. R., Ingersoll, C. D., & Mangum, L. C. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2368694 · Cited by 1
“As different exercises effect different people, promotion of regular exercise of any capacity is suggested for low back pain [10].”
Influential
The efficacy of an eight-week exercise program for the management of chronic low back pain in the equestrian population
Weeks, R. A., McLaughlin, P. A., & Vaughan, B. (2024) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15830-6 · Cited by 1
Does adherence to physiotherapy depend on the typologies of patients with back pain and their physiotherapists? A qualitative typology study.
Alt, A., & Luomajoki, H. (2024) · Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.07.039 · Cited by 1
Associations of Co-Occurring Chronic Conditions With Use of Rehabilitation Services in Older Adults With Back Pain: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Rundell, S. D., Karmarkar, A. M., & Patel, K. V. (2024) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzae110 · Cited by 1
Optimization of a Self-management Program for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain – Protocol of the Pain Education Program Optimization (PEPO) Randomized Controlled Trial
Dubé, M.-O., Massé‐Alarie, H., Pinard, A.-M., Marier-Deschênes, P., Lanthier-Plante, J., Tittley, J., Dupuis, F., Capitaine, C. L., & Roy, J. (2024) · JOSPT open. · doi:10.2519/josptopen.2024.0070 · Cited by 1
Precision measurement of rehabilitation interventions—a secondary analysis of motor error in a clinical trial with young children with cerebral palsy
Skorup, J. C., Pierce, S. R., Paremski, A. C., Alcott, M. M., & Prosser, L. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1457329 · Cited by 2
Physical activity and factors associated with the costs of low back pain among adults after 18 months of follow-up: a cohort study
Zanuto, É. A. C., Penna, V., da Silva, C. R., Ronque, Ê. R. V., Filho, R. D. F. N., Castoldi, R. C., Codogno, J. S., & Fernandes, R. A. (2025) · Sao Paulo Medical Journal · doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2023.0343.r1.03072024 · Cited by 1
APTA Orthopaedic Clinical Practice Guidelines – Reach, Perceptions, Use, and Impact: A Survey Study
Logerstedt, D. S., Kauffman, Z. S., Kaplan, S. L., & McDonough, C. M. (2025) · JOSPT open. · doi:10.2519/josptopen.2025.0120 · Cited by 1
Pain and Disability Reduction Following Rib Manipulation in a Patient Recovering from Osteomyelitis of the Thoracic Spine
Prall, J. M., Dunning, J. R., Young, I. A., Ross, M. D., Escaloni, J., & Bliton, P. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13121355 · Cited by 1
“The thoracic spine region can be difficult to treat as there are currently no clinical practice guidelines for thoracic spine or upper back pain like there are for low back and neck pain [37,38].”
Efficacy of different biomechanical strategies for modulating force–time parameters of high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation of the thoracic spine: a randomized crossover experimental study
Choi, G., McGuinty, A., Smith, N. M., Frangakis, E. M., Starmer, D. J., Howarth, S. J., & Wang, S. J. H. (2025) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-025-00585-0 · Cited by 1
“…parameters of high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation of the thoracic spine: a randomized crossover experimental study Background Manual therapy, including high-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulation (HVLA-SM) is a common guide-line-recommended intervention for back and neck pain [1–4].”
Dry cupping therapy combined with conventional therapy does not provide additional benefits over conventional therapy alone in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomized trial
Xu, R., Yang, Y. C., Yan, C., Zhou, L., Zhao, C., Ma, J., & Xu, G. (2025) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-025-00588-x · Cited by 1
“Both groups received core stabilization exercises, spinal manipulation, and patient education, which are well-established interventions for CNLBP [36].”
Biopsychosocial phenotyping of patients with chronic low back pain using the pain and disability drivers management model: A retrospective cohort study
Cam, S. L., Artico, R., Yameogo, W. N., Tousignant‐Laflamme, Y., Fautrel, B., & Bailly, F. (2025) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/10538127251357279 · Cited by 1
“6 Given the complexity of CLBP and the need for a biop-sychosocial approach, classi ﬁ cation models that enable the clinician to render a holistic pro ﬁ le of the patients is a priority for the management of CLBP. 7,8 Such models would be useful for proposing speci ﬁ c treatments to sub-groups of patients.”
Influential
Low Back Pain Belief Orientations Among Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Suhail, A., & Quais, S. (2025) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.70167 · Cited by 1
“CPGs for the management of LBP recommend healthcare practitioners to evaluate and treat patients using a biopsychosocial framework (Airaksinen et al. 2006; Bernstein et al. 2017; George et al. 2021; Van Tulder et al. 2006).”
Reliability and minimal detectable change for measuring segmental lumbar spine flexion and extension in the sidelying position using ultrasound imaging
Winslow, J., Costello, M., Duhamel, L., & Greenberger, H. B. (2025) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2025.2538573 · Cited by 1
“…clear pathoanatomic etiology, spinal mobility is considered an important factor in directing conservative management (Fritz, Piva, and Childs, 2005; George et al, 2021; van Trijffel et al, 2009) and surgical interventions (Burgstaller, Porchet, Steurer, and Wertli, 2015; Mobbs et al, 2015; Resnick…”
The Effect of Telenursing on Pain and Disability After Lumbar Spine Surgery
Akhundi, M., Jaberi, A., Shirazi, F., & Khosravi, Y. D. (2025) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2025.06.012 · Cited by 1
High prevalence of low back pain across the lifespan in Brazilian elderly: Temporal trends and multifactorial associations in Barra Mansa
Januário, P. D. O., de Souza, I. M. B., Cruz, A. T., Antunes, M. D., Pinheiro, M. M. L. S., Pássaro, A. D. C., Galhardo, D. D. R., Neto, J. S. D. M., Callegari, B., & Marques, A. P. (2025) · Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100747 · Cited by 1
A multicenter trial-based economic evaluation of a mobile health intervention for individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain: randomized controlled trial protocol
Mota, M. A. D. A., Landolfi, T. B., Silva, M. C. D. M., Santana, B. D. M., Ben, Â. J., van Dongen, J. M., Bosmans, J. E., Ostelo, R., Burke, T. N., Pasinato, F., et al. (2025) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09118-5 · Cited by 1
“International clinical guidelines currently recommend self-management of CNLBP, based on the use of exercise and psychological therapies to reduce pain and improve quality of life [5, 6].”
Effect of foot orthoses on pain and disability in patients with low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Lin, Z., Cheng, J., Hua, L., Han, X., Wang, D., & Huang, Y. (2025) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2025.2545590 · Cited by 1
“Common treatments for LBP can be broadly categorized into physical exercise, physical therapy, pharmacological therapy, and surgery [11,12].”
Pain, Progress, and Price: A Review of Conservative and Complementary Treatments for Low Back Pain
Putra, B. H., Sinuraya, R. K., & Suwantika, A. A. (2025) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s551372 · Cited by 2
Can breathing exercises effectively treat people with chronic non-specific low back pain? A systemic review with meta-analysis
Chen, A. Y.-J., Lin, I.-K., Chen, Y.-T., Luo, H.-J., Yen-Wei, C., & Wang, W. T.-J. (2025) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/10538127251374357 · Cited by 2
“…2021 clinical practice guideline from the American Physical Therapy Association endorses supervised exercise as a core intervention for chronic LBP. 11 However, despite these endorse-ments, current exercise protocols may insuf ﬁ ciently address neuromuscular factors such as dysfunctional breathing…”
Influential
The impact of fellowship and board-certification on diagnostic clinical reasoning in lumbar spine dysfunction using the script concordance test
Rodic, B., Windsor, B. A., Lehr, M. E., Kearns, G. A., & Oakley, E. T. (2025) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2025.2575396 · Cited by 1
“The assessment of CR across entry-level and post-professional education is critical for improving care quality in patients with lumbar spine disorders [6, 23].”
Management of low back pain in the Brazilian public health system: budget impact analysis of the implementation of Pilates exercises compared to usual care
Carregaro, R. L., Ben, Â. J., de Toledo, A. M., Marques, Y. A., Tottoli, C. R., Ostelo, R., Peixoto, H. M., & Bosmans, J. E. (2025) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1080/14737167.2025.2583182 · Cited by 1
“Exercise interventions are commonly used for several musculoskeletal conditions, such as low back pain, and are widely recommended in clinical guidelines [18,19,33].”
Validity of the Global Rating of Change in patients with chronic low back pain
Pierobon, A., Fernandes, L. G., Wilson, R., Christopherson, R. M., Stanley, J., Pryymachenko, Y., Lim, Y. W., Caya, R., Gayed, M., & Abbott, J. H. (2025) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103443 · Cited by 1
Pain neuroscience education combined with any singular form of physical therapy intervention is not more effective than the single intervention itself: a systematic review
Riley, S. P., Ware, E. E., Pitre, Z., Russell, N., & Flowers, D. W. (2025) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2025.2584158 · Cited by 1
“…diagnoses, in the absence of homogeneous, reliable research, the most honest interpretation should be to refrain from making any strong recommendation that PTs should use PNE [47] in all cases in a patient-centered model, especially if the patients primary concerns are their pain and function [48].”
How Do Patients Believe Manual Therapy Works? An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Petosky, T., Vraa, D., Rentmeester, C., Subialka, J. A., & Young, J. L. (2025) · JOSPT open. · doi:10.2519/josptopen.2025.0149 · Cited by 1
American Physical Therapy Association Clinical Practice Guideline Facilitated Shared Decision Making for Patients With Low Back Pain: Feasibility and Acceptability in Outpatient Physical Therapy
Beneciuk, J. M., Bialosky, J. E., Harrison, T., Buzzanca-Fried, K. E., Rodgers, L. J., & Verstandig, D. (2025) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaf152 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Integrating nonpharmacologic strategies for pain with Inclusion, Respect, and Equity (INSPIRE): a digital health study protocol for a pragmatic multisite randomized controlled trial
Ristau, J., Okobi, A., Miller, M. J., Cheng, J., Deviren, S., Schwarz, E. B., Fairchild, T., Tsoh, J. Y., Aguilera, A., Zheng-Huang, C. J., et al. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09402-8 · Cited by 1
“Despite MFI being considered part of gold-standard treat-ment for most CP conditions, patient motivation and adherence are highly problematic [44–48].”
A Longitudinal Study of Coping Strategies and Differences by Sex in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Pericot-Mozo, X., García, G. R., Masià‐Plana, A., Sitjar-Suñer, M., Bertran‐Noguer, C., Patiño‐Masó, J., & Soler, R. S. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15020516 · Cited by 2
Impact of gluteus maximus–focused intervention using Powers’ program on chronic mechanical low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Abdeldaiem, A. A., Youssef, E. F., Mahmoud, N. F., & Abdelmegeed, M. A. (2026) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01475-x · Cited by 1
“This approach is well supported by Grade A recommendation of clinical practice guidelines which stated that “Physical therapists should use movement control exercise and specific trunk muscle activation for patients with CMLBP and movement control impairment” [16].”
Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique versus Myofascial Mobilization in Improving Functional Outcome in Sub-Acute Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abdullah, F., Akhtar, S., & Baig, A. A. M. (2026) · Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation · doi:10.36283/pjr.zu.15.1/005 · Cited by 1
Musculoskeletal Disorders, Healthy Buildings, and the Hotel Industry: A Narrative Review and Critical Reflection
Gherscovici, E., & Mayer, J. M. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.102991 · Cited by 1
Efficacy and cortical mechanisms of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation in non-specific neck and low back pain: a prospective, two-center, randomized, sham-controlled fNIRS study
Wu, X., Han, T., Liang, L., Xu, M., Tian, F., Sun, W., Shi, Q., Lin, X., Yuan, H., & Sun, X. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-07891-y · Cited by 1
“However, these treatments come with limitations: pharmacological options can lead to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reactions [13, 14]; and traditional Chinese medicine techniques like acupuncture constitute invasive treatment methods [15, 16].”
Defining Therapeutic Patient Education in Musculoskeletal Care: A Scoping Review of Key Themes, Delivery Methods and Intervention Parameters
Cormier, A., Roy, J., Dupuis, F., Lafrance, S., Massé‐Alarie, H., & Desmeules, F. (2026) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2026.13784 · Cited by 1
Patient expectations and therapist perceptions in low back pain care: A cross-sectional survey
Gibson, D. J., Hollman, J. H., S, S. M. D., Fellows, Z. C., Schad, J. C., Zuercher, B., & Calley, D. Q. (2026) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2026.103547 · Cited by 1
Educational interventions on attitudes and beliefs about low back pain treatment in physical therapy students and physical therapists: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Atencio-Aguilar, J., Salazar‐Méndez, J., Ponce‐Fuentes, F., Cuyúl-Vásquez, I., & Calatayud, J. (2026) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2026.2650047 · Cited by 1
“…t o w a t c h a r e c o r d v i d e o . educational content, modality, type of teaching-learning strategy) [5]; outcome measures (PABS-PT, HC-PAIRS, Back-PAQ, FABQ, Clinical Vignettes, and Likert scales) and [6] results (baseline and postintervention values for intervention versus control groups).”
Efficacy of Pain Neuroscience Education Combined with Exercise in Older Adults with Chronic Pain: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Torres-Alonso, J., Polo-Ferrero, L., Hernández-Rubia, S., Sánchez-Sánchez, M. C., Puente-González, A. S., Sáez-Gutiérrez, S., Sánchez, R. M., & Iglesias, F. J. B. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15103696 · Cited by 1
“…and trials demonstrate that combining PNE with physical exercise yields significantly greater short-and long-term improvements in pain intensity, disability, and kinesiophobia compared to exercise alone in patients with chronic spinal pain, chronic neck pain, and fibromyalgia [28,33–35].”
Association of glucose metabolism status and paraspinal muscle degeneration with chronic pain after endoscopic lumbar decompression: a multicentre retrospective study
Zhou, S., Li, L., qi, Z., Sun, J., 郭天珞, Hu, P., Yuan, B., Li, H. Q., Gou, G., Li, Z., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1867106 · Cited by 1
Clinical effects of early physiotherapy education for acute non-specific low back pain in the emergency department. A randomized controlled trial
RAGAZZO, F., Ferrari, S., EPIFANI, B., SIMIONATO, S., Arippa, F., Rocca, B., & Monticone, M. (2026) · Minerva Orthopedics · doi:10.23736/s2784-8469.26.04682-1 · Cited by 1
Comparative Effectiveness of AI-Assisted Telerehabilitation, Telerehabilitation, In-Person Care, and Usual Care for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Gu, P., Yan, Y., Tang, H., Jia, Y., Wen, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, X., Jia, Z., & Wen, T. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/85410 · Cited by 1
“In addition, it may reduce kinesiophobia and psychosocial stress, thereby enhancing physical function and quality of life and helping to interrupt the pain–disuse–functional decline vicious cycle [7,8].”
A multicenter study on the prediction model for chronic low back pain after lumbar decompression surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus: integration of metabolic and paraspinal muscle features
Zhou, S., Qi, Z., Xu, X., Zhao, H., Sun, J., 郭天珞, Hu, P., Dai, H., Yuan, B., Huang, J., et al. (2026) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-026-10137-6 · Cited by 1
How much walking is enough for chronic low back pain? A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Núñez‐Cortés, R., Suso‐Martí, L., Salazar‐Méndez, J., López‐Bueno, R., Cruz‐Montecinos, C., Malhue-Orellana, T., Lang, M., Andersen, L. L., & Calatayud, J. (2026) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.70189 · Cited by 1
Short‐Term Effect of Negative Verbal Language Versus Positive Verbal Language on Physical and Functional Capacity and Pain in People With Chronic Primary Low Back Pain
Schwendenmann, Y., Palacios, P., Descarreaux, M., & Marchand, A.-A. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70374 · Cited by 1
“…educating patients, so that they understand their condition with the aim of addressing deleterious beliefs that may represent barriers to their recovery (Alperovitch-Najenson et al. 2023; Bailly et al. 2021; George et al. 2021; Korownyk et al. 2022; Nicol et al. 2023; Oliveira et al. 2018).”
It Would Take Combat Relevance to Put a Chiropractor in Khakis— This Is Why That Has Not Happened
Flynn, T. W. (2022) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usac098 · Cited by 1
Intensity of physical therapy services: Association with work and health outcomes in injured workers with back pain in Washington State
Chin, B., Rundell, S. D., Sears, J. M., Fulton‐Kehoe, D., Spector, J. T., & Franklin, G. M. (2022) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.23440 · Cited by 1
Regional vs global physical therapy interventions to treat chronic pain in survivors of trauma: a randomized controlled trial
Dee, J. M., & Littenberg, B. (2022) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2022.2159615 · Cited by 2
“regarding body mechanics, postural exercises, and lifting techniques [24,25].”
Background
Duration of Electro-Dry Needling Does Not Change the Pain Response After Repeated Nociceptive Thermal Stimuli in Asymptomatic Individuals: A Randomized Intervention Study
Jordon, M., Grubb, M., & Tudini, F. T. (2023) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100267 · Cited by 1
“The revised clinical practice guidelines written by George et al gave a “C” recommendation for the use of dry needling (DN) cautioning that, as is true with all modalities, it should only be used in conjunction with other treatments.(8,9) One reason for the discrepancy may be because of the lack of standardization in…”
Method
The Impact of Manual Therapy on Pain Catastrophizing in Chronic Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Kim, H., & Lee, S. (2023) · Physical therapy rehabilitation science · doi:10.14474/ptrs.2023.12.2.177 · Cited by 1
Best Practice Physiotherapy for Patients with Low Back Pain in Primary Care : Clinical Outcomes and Explanatory Factors
Fors, M. (2023) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/9789180752077 · Cited by 1
Utilization of the Cervical Flexion Rotation Test to Confirm Rotation Directional Preference in People With Neck Pain: A Case Series
Post, M. D., Schenk, R. J., & Fargnoli, R. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.47389 · Cited by 1
“Although movement-based diagnoses based on DP are described for lumbar spinal conditions, DP is not referenced in the Cervical Spine Clinical Practice Guidelines [8,9].”
Background
Ejercicio físico reduce la discapacidade física y el sufrimento psicológico em pacientes con lumbalgia: un estudio cuasi experimental (Physical exercise reduces physical disability and psychological suffering in patients with chronic low back pain: a quasi-experimental study)
da Silva, S. A., Neto, A. R., Barbosa, K. S. S., Pereira, A. B. M., Salermo, B. S., de Oliveira, J. R., Rogério, A. D. P., & Bertoncello, D. (2023) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v51.101475 · Cited by 1
Comparison of two manipulative techniques on pain and function in patients with low back pain: a double-blind clinical trial
Moreira, F. F., Patel, R., Ferreira, L. A. B., Menna, W., & Rossi, L. P. (2024) · Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2024.22.1318 · Cited by 1
Research Priorities in the Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy Among Diploma Therapists: An International Delphi Study
Chiba, H., Handa, Y., Kikkawa, K., & Takasaki, H. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.62492 · Cited by 1
Physiotherapists’ attitudes and beliefs in the management of low back pain: Protocol for a systematic review
Jayani, S., Neelapala, Y. V. R., Nayak, S., Naik, A. R., & Vishal, K. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1915 · Cited by 1
Development of Preliminary Integrated Health Care Clinical Competencies for United States Doctor of Chiropractic Programs: A Modified Delphi Consensus Process
Daniels, C. J., Cupler, Z. A., Napuli, J. G., Walsh, R. W., Ziegler, A.-M. L., Meyer, K. W., Knieper, M. J., Walters, S., Salsbury, S. A., Trager, R. J., et al. (2024) · Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health · doi:10.1177/27536130241275944 · Cited by 2
Toward facilitating the collection and utilization of patient-reported outcomes in the Military Health System: Lessons learned from a pragmatic clinical trial on physical therapy management for low back pain
Beisheim, E. H., Hendershot, B. D., Mauntel, T. C., Gorczynski, S. R., Smith, R. W., Crunkhorn, A. E., Farrokhi, S., & Dearth, C. L. (2024) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnae059 · Cited by 1
Number of physiotherapy sessions in work-related absenteeism due to musculoskeletal disorders, by gender, age and occupation: A retrospective cohort study
Rodríguez-Bagó, M., Ronda, E., Molina-Vega, E., Sampere-Valero, M., & Martı́nez, J. M. (2025) · Work · doi:10.1177/10519815241308252 · Cited by 1
Physician referrals of patients with neck and low back pain for physical therapy in outpatient clinics: a cross-sectional study
Daher, A., & Dar, G. (2025) · Israel Journal of Health Policy Research · doi:10.1186/s13584-025-00683-7 · Cited by 3
Illuminating the intricate role of genetic factors in chronic low back pain: from the molecular basis of onset to the determination of susceptibility and the search for novel therapeutic avenues
Chen, D., Que, Z.-Q., Xu, W.-B., Xiao, K.-Y., Sun, N.-K., Feng, J., & Rui, G. (2025) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-025-02746-6 · Cited by 2
“Globally, LBP is very prevalent and a significant reason for disability, and the cost of CLBP, both direct and indirect, is so considerable that it has become a substantial burden on society [2, 3].”
Immediate effect of neurodynamic mobilization on knee extension angle in slump position and half-seated position and in passive and active settings: a cross-over trial
Michalak, A., Gillibert, A., Garyga, M., Brismée, J., & Gillot, T. (2025) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.010 · Cited by 1
Sensitization of Hoffmann’s sign in response to a reverse Lhermitte’s sign: a case report
Kearns, G. A., & Bason, J. (2022) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2022.2056363 · Cited by 1
4xT Method®, a Fascial Diagnostic and Therapeutic Decision Tree in Treating Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: Two Case Reports
van Amstel, R. N., & Noten, K. (2023) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.939284 · Cited by 1
“Based on the baseline data, the trunk motion that elicited the most pain was selected as the reference test, and the direction of motion that caused the least pain was identified as the directional preference [16].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Pain Neuroscience Education Via Sign Language: A Pilot Study
(2023) · Journal of Medical Case Reports and Case Series · doi:10.38207/jmcrcs/2023/may04080347 · Cited by 1
EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE ON RECTUS FEMORIS MUSCLE TO REDUCE PAIN AND FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN
Pramod, K. V., Auguestine, J., & Deepu, C. B. (2023) · International Journal of Medical and Exercise Science · doi:10.36678/ijmaes.2023.v09i02.003 · Cited by 1
Correlation analysis of lumbar disc herniation with lumbar lordosis, intervertebral angle and lumbosacral angle in young patientsPreprint
Zhan, Z., Li, R., Fu, D., Han, H., & Meng, B. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2741153/v1 · Cited by 1
Effects of pain neuroscience training combined with neuromuscular exercises on pain, functional disability and psychological factors related to chronic low back pain: A study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trialPreprint
Alvani, E., Sheikhi, B., Letafatkar, A., & Rossettini, G. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2752351/v1 · Cited by 1
Spinal mobilization characteristics: a scoping literature review of biomechanical parametersPreprint
Gorrell, L. M., Nyirö, L., Pasquier, M., Pagé, I., Heneghan, N. R., Schweinhardt, P., & Descarreaux, M. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.23292952 · Cited by 1
Pain intensity and Disability of chronic low back pain patients receiving physiotherapy in Cameroon: A call for patients’ awareness to focus on physiotherapy treatmentPreprint
Ghassi, H. T., Buh, F. C., Muntessu, D. L. N., Siewe, J. R., Noumoé, D. L., Epee, P.-L. S., & Douryang, M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4465461/v1 · Cited by 1
Effects of heatwrap and exercise in acute low back pain: a multi-arm randomised controlled trialPreprint
Côté‐Picard, C., Tittley, J., Mailloux, C., Desgagnés, A., Perreault, K., Mercier, C., Dionne, C. E., Roy, J., & Massé‐Alarie, H. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.25335260 · Cited by 1
Celebrating the Achievements of Yet Another Challenging Year
Ardern, C. L., Cleland, J. A., Heiderscheit, B. C., Hughes, C., Kamper, S. J., & Silbernagel, K. G. (2021) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0111
Tree Increment Plots (Species Ougeinia oojeinensis )
Singh, S. P. (1980) · Indian Forester
Trainingsorganisation im ambulanten Setting
Szep, P. (2022) · Schmerz Therapie · doi:10.1055/a-1756-9525
Lombalgie : synthèse commentée des recommandations de l’APTA 2021
Plantin, A. (2022) · Kinésithérapie la Revue · doi:10.1016/j.kine.2022.05.002
PHYSIOTHERAPISTS’ CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND CLINICAL USE OF TOOLS TO PREDICT, MONITOR, EVALUATE THE TREATMENT OUTCOME AND CLASSIFY PATIENTS WITH SCIATICA IN GREECE: AN ONLINE SURVEY
Karanasios, S., Georgaki, A., Kontakiotis, N., Papandreou, G. M., & Gioftsos, G. (2022) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Research · doi:10.1142/s0218957722500257
Zuverlässigkeit des Straight-Leg-Raise-Tests bei Verdacht auf lumbale radikuläre Schmerzen: Ein systematisches Review mit Meta-Analyse
(2022) · physioscience · doi:10.1055/a-1867-3304
Use of Aerobic Exercise as an Adjunct to Conventional Therapy in the Management of an Older Adult with Chronic Low Back Pain in Nigeria: A Case Report
Aliyu, K. M. (2022) · Texila international journal of public health · doi:10.21522/tijph.2013.10.04.art025
Measurement of Force and Intramuscular Pressure Changes Related to Thrust Spinal Manipulation in an In Vivo Animal Model
Reed, W. R., Lima, C. R., Liebschner, M. A. K., Hurt, C. P., Li, P., & Gudavalli, M. R. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12010062
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy improves pain and function in subjects with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trialsPreprint
Liu, K., Zhang, Q., Chen, L., Zhang, H., Xu, X., Yuan, Z., & Dong, J. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2410607/v1
Lower back pain profile in restaurant workers at a public university in southern Brazil
Lima, F. V., Dias, L. G., Bette, P. A. B., Motter, A. A., de Macedo, A. C. B., & Zotz, T. G. G. (2022) · O Mundo da Saúde · doi:10.15343/0104-7809.202246483492i
nosological characteristics of patients with low back pain submitted to physiotherapeutic treatment: documentary Study
Cesario Rui Callou Filho, M. N. D. A. M. A. (2023) · International Journal of Development Research · doi:10.37118/ijdr.25893.01.2023
RESOLVE-Studie – Therapie bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen
Luomajoki, H. (2023) · MSK – Muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie · doi:10.1055/a-1994-2202
“In der klinischen Praxisleit - linie (Clinical Practice Guideline/CPG) der amerikanischen Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy (AOPT) wird diese Intervention bei Patient*innen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen ausdrücklich auf Evidenzlevel Stufe A empfohlen [16].”
Background
Physical activity restriction in the pandemic is associated with lower pain self-efficacy in the population with musculoskeletal pain: cross-sectional study
Rodrigues, I. D. P., Júnior, F. F. U. S., Alaiti, R. K., & de Oliveira, A. S. (2022) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/1809-2950/22012229042022en
Beyond exercise. Can application of manual therapy before exercise benefit a low functioning person with limb loss? A case study
Wong, C. K., Youdan, G., & Chihuri, S. T. (2023) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2023.2192650
Network Meta-Analysis of Different Acupuncture Therapies in Treatment of Low Back Myofascitis
Ge, H., Laijun, Y. A. N., Zongrui, Y. A. N. G., Jinyu, S. H. I., & Zhan, H. (2023) · Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1329.2023.01009
Antwort auf den Leserbrief von Jochen Schomacher zu: Luomajoki H. RESOLVE-Studie – Therapie bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen. MSK - Muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie 2023; 27: 37–43
Luomajoki, H. (2023) · MSK – Muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie · doi:10.1055/a-2055-1891
Pain Neuroscience Education Delivered Through Virtual Reality for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions Seen in Physical Therapy: An Exploratory Study
Louw, A., Zimney, K. J., Stopher, D., Saldanha, K. G., Shockley, J., Elliott, L., Macera, D., & Cox, T. (2023) · Reports on Global Health Research · doi:10.29011/2690-9480.100157
“Of the three proposed treatments, it is easily argued that PT is most familiar with, and uses movement as a mainstay of its treatment [14, 15].”
Background
Surface electromyography and kinetics during step descent in individuals with low-level chronic or recurrent low back pain and lumbar instability
Poulsen, K. M., & Cabell, L. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedics Trauma and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/22104917231181650
“29 Given that the current group, in addition to chronic or recurrent LBP, also presents lumbar spine instability, the inclusion of exercises targeting motor control for such a subgroup is supported.”
Background
Care for the patient with low back pain
Kearns, G. A., Day, M., Moore, A. K., & Munger, L. R. (2023) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000078
Anais do XII Encontro de Ligas Acadêmicas de Medicina
(2023) · doi:10.25248/anais.e14385.2023
Noise And Type of Works in Beauty Salons and Its Effects on The Health of It Is Workers
Fattah, R. K., Suliman, A. K., & Saleh, K. N. (2023) · Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal · doi:10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.4.45
Addressing Occupational Back Pain: A Systematic Review of Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies
Gari, D., Alabdulhadi, A. A., Alahmari, A. A., Alsalman, Z. A., & Alshehri, H. S. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.48744
“The importance of massage for improving the condition of patients with low back pain was also documented in another study conducted by George et al. [42].”
Result
The Effectiveness of Instruction on Lumbar Spine Thrust Joint Manipulation Task Performance
Manton, C., Conley, Q., Cleland, J. A., & Puentedura, E. J. (2023) · Journal of Physical Therapy Education · doi:10.1097/jte.0000000000000321
Immediate or Short-term Effects of Thrust Manipulation on Acute to Subacute Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lee, D., & Kim, H. (2023) · Physical therapy rehabilitation science · doi:10.14474/ptrs.2023.12.4.382
Alles eine Frage der Zeit? – Verlauf akuter lumbaler Rückenschmerzen
Pfeiffer, F. (2024) · physiopraxis · doi:10.1055/a-2200-7870
Does adherence to physiotherapy depend on the typologies of patients with non-specific low back pain and their physiotherapists? A typology studyPreprint
Alt, A., & Luomajoki, H. A. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3854197/v1
Effectiveness of Shock Wave Therapy Versus Intermittent Mechanical Traction On Mechanical Low Back Pain and Disabilities
Rahim, A. A. A. E., Hamoda, R. E., Mosaad, A. A. F., Abdelhakiem, N. M., Mahmoud, S. M., & Bekheet, A. B. (2023) · Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities · doi:10.53555/jrtdd.v6i8s.1928
Application of Disease-Specific Knowledge in the Rehabilitation Process – Based on the Effects of Back School Program among Chinese Adults
Wang, Z. (2024) · doi:10.15170/pte.2024.004

Authors: George, S. Z., Fritz, J. M., Silfies, S. P., Schneider, M. J., Beneciuk, J. M., Lentz, T. A., Gilliam, J. R., Hendren, S., & Norman, K. S.
ORCID: George, Steven Z.
Fritz, Julie M.
Silfies, Sheri P.
Schneider, Michael J.
Beneciuk, Jason M.
Lentz, Trevor A.
Gilliam, John R.
Hendren, Stephanie
Norman, Katherine S.
Venue: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Published: 2021-11
Volume: 51
Issue: 11
Pages: CPG1-CPG60
ISSN: 0190-6011 (ISSN-L)
1938-1344
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.0304
PMC: PMC10508241
OpenAlex: W3208162845
Cited by: 607
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 127 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 4
FWCI: 50.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: American Physical Therapy Association
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM081740, T32GM145226)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy-related medical research
Keywords: low back pain, acute low back pain, chronic low back pain, physical therapy intervention, non-pharmacological treatment, musculoskeletal pain, disability
MeSH terms: Humans, Low Back Pain, Physical Therapy Modalities, Chronic Pain, Physical Therapists

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Interventions for the Management of Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain: Revision 2021: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks